issue109:labolinux1
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue109:labolinux1 [2016/06/01 12:17] – [3] auntiee | issue109:labolinux1 [2016/06/05 08:38] (Version actuelle) – d52fr | ||
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With that out of the way, what about those who like to have the newest and greatest, while still running what would in some circles be considered “legacy” computers? Netbooks are a breed that can still be of use thanks to their low weight and general ease of transport. Unfortunately, | With that out of the way, what about those who like to have the newest and greatest, while still running what would in some circles be considered “legacy” computers? Netbooks are a breed that can still be of use thanks to their low weight and general ease of transport. Unfortunately, | ||
- | À partir de la 16.04 Xenial Xerus, toutes les versions de nos distributions *buntu sont des versions LTS (support à long terme). Le moment est venu, il me semble, de jeter un œil au matériel qui peut encore les exécuter. Les gens qui ont des ordinateurs vieillissants peuvent se demander s'il vaut mieux de rester à la 14.04, qui sera supporté | + | À partir de la 16.04 Xenial Xerus, toutes les versions de nos distributions *buntu sont des versions LTS (support à long terme). Le moment est venu, il me semble, de jeter un œil au matériel qui peut encore les exécuter. Les gens qui ont des ordinateurs vieillissants peuvent se demander s'il vaut mieux de rester à la 14.04, qui sera supportée |
Naturellement, | Naturellement, | ||
- | Cela étant dit, quid de ceux qui aime être à la pointe de la technologie tout en faisant tourner ce que d' | + | Cela étant dit, quid de ceux qui aiment |
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For a reasonable minimum hardware starting point, perhaps an Intel Core Duo or Atom dual-core CPU with 1 GByte of RAM can be considered a bare minimum, below which the resulting system may very well be convinced to run, but no longer give a good user experience when actually working with it. To set an example, I will be using an Acer Aspire One (D250) from back in 2009. This particular computer has an Atom N2600 1.6 GHz CPU, 1 GByte of DDR3 RAM, a 10" screen with 1024x600 resolution, and supports internal 2.5” hard drives though a SATA-I compatible (1.5 Gb/s) connection. It also has a WiFi card, but no CD or DVD. It originally came with some version of Windows 7 (Windows Home, perhaps) though the sticker on the bottom is completely faded and I cannot be bothered to remember. In any case, it has run several versions of Ubuntu over the years, from 10.04 on up to the latest Linux Mint 17.3 MATE based on Ubuntu 14.04. But can it still perform under 16.04?** | For a reasonable minimum hardware starting point, perhaps an Intel Core Duo or Atom dual-core CPU with 1 GByte of RAM can be considered a bare minimum, below which the resulting system may very well be convinced to run, but no longer give a good user experience when actually working with it. To set an example, I will be using an Acer Aspire One (D250) from back in 2009. This particular computer has an Atom N2600 1.6 GHz CPU, 1 GByte of DDR3 RAM, a 10" screen with 1024x600 resolution, and supports internal 2.5” hard drives though a SATA-I compatible (1.5 Gb/s) connection. It also has a WiFi card, but no CD or DVD. It originally came with some version of Windows 7 (Windows Home, perhaps) though the sticker on the bottom is completely faded and I cannot be bothered to remember. In any case, it has run several versions of Ubuntu over the years, from 10.04 on up to the latest Linux Mint 17.3 MATE based on Ubuntu 14.04. But can it still perform under 16.04?** | ||
- | Cependand, tous les netbooks ne pourront pas fonctionner | + | Cependant, tous les netbooks ne pourront pas fonctionner |
- | Pour un point de départ minimal et raisonnable du matériel, on pourrait penser à un processeur Intel Core Duo ou un Atom à double cœur, avec 1 Go de RAM ; en dessous de cela, on peut faire fonctionner le système cahin-caha, mais l' | + | Pour un point de départ minimal et raisonnable du matériel, on pourrait penser à un processeur Intel Core Duo ou un Atom à double cœur, avec 1 Go de RAM ; en dessous de cela, on peut faire fonctionner le système cahin-caha, mais l' |
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Puisque la 16.04 n' | Puisque la 16.04 n' | ||
- | En fait, l'Acer fonctionne très bien sous Ubuntu 16.04 - oui, sous Ubuntu lui-même avec le gestionnaire de bureau Unity. J' | + | En fait, l'Acer fonctionne très bien sous Ubuntu 16.04 - oui, sous Ubuntu lui-même avec le gestionnaire de bureau Unity. J' |
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HandleLidSwitch=ignore** | HandleLidSwitch=ignore** | ||
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+ | Toutefois, de temps en temps, je rencontrais des problèmes. Le plus important sur cet ordinateur était la fâcheuse tendance du système à se mettre sans cesse en veille, toutes les 10 secondes environ. Il paraît que c'est un bug qui est arrivé avec systemd. Ce n'est pas que je veuille dénigrer systemd, mais plusieurs bugs qui lui sont attribués sont arrivés au cours des mois. Dans ce cas, il est facile d' | ||
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+ | ubuntu@ubuntu: | ||
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+ | root@ubuntu: | ||
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+ | Vous devez ajouter deux lignes qui disent au gestionnaire d' | ||
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+ | HandleSuspendKey=ignore | ||
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+ | HandleLidSwitch=ignore | ||
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Memory usage is about 780 MBytes, including the basic system, the Unity desktop manager, Firefox, and the rather memory-hungry Google Drive web editor, which is to be expected since it makes an intensive use of JavaScript. It can be noted I had virtual memory turned on for this computer. The LiveCD has detected the swap partition from an existing installation on the hard drive, and is using it for some extra space. This does seem to speed things up a little since less page-swapping occurs when our RAM is nearly full. ** | Memory usage is about 780 MBytes, including the basic system, the Unity desktop manager, Firefox, and the rather memory-hungry Google Drive web editor, which is to be expected since it makes an intensive use of JavaScript. It can be noted I had virtual memory turned on for this computer. The LiveCD has detected the swap partition from an existing installation on the hard drive, and is using it for some extra space. This does seem to speed things up a little since less page-swapping occurs when our RAM is nearly full. ** | ||
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+ | Une fois terminé, il faut redémarrer le service correspondant. Pour une raison mystérieuse, | ||
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+ | root@ubuntu: | ||
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+ | root@ubuntu: | ||
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+ | root@ubuntu: | ||
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+ | ubuntu@ubuntu: | ||
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+ | Une fois cela fait, tout a fonctionné, | ||
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+ | Il utilise environ 780 Mo de mémoire et cela comprend le système de base, Unity, Firefox et l' | ||
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Logically, one way to use less resources is to adopt a less power-hungry desktop manager. One of the leaner versions of Ubuntu comes with the MATE desktop, so that was what I decided to install on this machine. The installation itself worked flawlessly, even though I made things slightly more interesting with a combination of ext4 (/boot) and btrfs (/, /home) filesystems.** | Logically, one way to use less resources is to adopt a less power-hungry desktop manager. One of the leaner versions of Ubuntu comes with the MATE desktop, so that was what I decided to install on this machine. The installation itself worked flawlessly, even though I made things slightly more interesting with a combination of ext4 (/boot) and btrfs (/, /home) filesystems.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | En revanche, le processeur a la vie assez dure. Le dessous du netbook est devenu très chaud, car les deux cœurs étaient utilisés constamment. Une partie de la faute n'est attribuable ni au système lui-même, ni aux logiciels, mais au processeur graphique intégré. Le GPU de l'Atom fonctionne soit à 200, soit à 400 MHz, autrement dit, très lentement. Le manque de puissance lors du calcul des surcouches et autres effets graphiques doit être comblé par le processeur principal lui-même, qui a, par conséquence, | ||
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+ | On peut éventuellement constater que la durée de vie de la batterie dans ces conditions peut être très réduite. L' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Logiquement, | ||
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Once we have established that Ubuntu 16.04 may be used on this class of hardware, some tuning may be undertaken. Perhaps the area in which most gains could be expected would be through a processor swap. But it is indeed unfortunate that netbooks have CPUs soldered onto the main board, that simply cannot be changed - unlike a desktop computer. On the other hand, both memory and the hard drive can usually be easily exchanged.** | Once we have established that Ubuntu 16.04 may be used on this class of hardware, some tuning may be undertaken. Perhaps the area in which most gains could be expected would be through a processor swap. But it is indeed unfortunate that netbooks have CPUs soldered onto the main board, that simply cannot be changed - unlike a desktop computer. On the other hand, both memory and the hard drive can usually be easily exchanged.** | ||
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+ | Comme attendu, la mémoire est moins sollicitée avec ce gestionnaire de bureau. Avec la même charge de travail, Firefox + Google Drive, son utilisation a diminué de plus de 100 Mo, ce qui peut vous paraître pas grand chose, mais qui peut faire la différence entre la nécessité d' | ||
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+ | L' | ||
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+ | Une fois la possibilité d' | ||
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As for hard drives, there is a tendency nowadays to swap laptops’ original “spinning platter” drives for Solid-State (SSD) drives - and, with offerings such as this 120 GByte model for less than 50 Euro, this type of upgrade certainly makes sense for modern machines.** | As for hard drives, there is a tendency nowadays to swap laptops’ original “spinning platter” drives for Solid-State (SSD) drives - and, with offerings such as this 120 GByte model for less than 50 Euro, this type of upgrade certainly makes sense for modern machines.** | ||
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+ | Côté RAM, la plupart des netbooks furent livrés avec une seule barrette de RAM PC-5300 DDR2. La capacité de pas mal de barrettes n' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Cependant, il faut faire en sorte de n' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Quant aux disques durs, de plus en plus maintenant, on remplace le vieux disque dur tournant par un SSD, et, étant donné l' | ||
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As for netbooks, unfortunately their main boards were usually designed to give adequate support for platter-type hard drives, which means typical data transfer speeds in the 80 to 100 MByte/s range. A SATA-I connection is certainly up to that, topping out at 150 MByte/s. However, modern SSD drives can usually spit out data at 250 to 300 MBytes/s, requiring the faster SATA-II (300 MBytes/s) or SATA-III (600 MBytes/s) connections. If the computer’s main board is only capable of SATA-I, at best the hard drive will be limited to just 150 MBytes/s - and at worst will simply not be recognized by the computer, which is what happened to my Aspire. So a best-case speedup of only about 2x may be expected by changing the hard drive, much less than that experienced on higher-grade machines with SATA-II or -III interfaces that can go up by 4x or 5x.** | As for netbooks, unfortunately their main boards were usually designed to give adequate support for platter-type hard drives, which means typical data transfer speeds in the 80 to 100 MByte/s range. A SATA-I connection is certainly up to that, topping out at 150 MByte/s. However, modern SSD drives can usually spit out data at 250 to 300 MBytes/s, requiring the faster SATA-II (300 MBytes/s) or SATA-III (600 MBytes/s) connections. If the computer’s main board is only capable of SATA-I, at best the hard drive will be limited to just 150 MBytes/s - and at worst will simply not be recognized by the computer, which is what happened to my Aspire. So a best-case speedup of only about 2x may be expected by changing the hard drive, much less than that experienced on higher-grade machines with SATA-II or -III interfaces that can go up by 4x or 5x.** | ||
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+ | Bon. Il reste le fait que des systèmes d' | ||
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+ | Pour ce qui concerne les netbooks, malheureusement leurs cartes mères étaient habituellement conçues pour prendre en charge convenablement les disques durs de type tournant, ce qui signifie des vitesses de transfert de données aux alentours de 80 à 100 Mo/s. Une connexion SATA-I sait certainement le faire, avec une vitesse maximum de 150 Mo/s. Cependant, les disques SSD actuels crachent les données habituellement à 250 à 300 Mo/s, nécessitant une connexion SATA-II (300 Mo/s) ou SATA III (600 Mo/s). Si la carte mère de l' | ||
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Ubuntu 16.04 has been hailed as the version of Ubuntu that will achieve convergence across many different platforms. While this is certainly true, perhaps we users should also be aware that the need to cater for hardware with varying levels of performance has no doubt brought about a new awareness within the developer community that certain previous versions of Unity were simply too slow. There has been a salutary reaction from developers. Things have certainly been turned around, and this newest version (for now) has regained some of the terrain lost. I have no precise numbers in front of me, but there is a distinct feeling that Ubuntu 16.04 is no heavier on a machine than 14.04, and may be distinctly lighter when using a lightweight desktop manager such as MATE. Time will tell, but I get the feeling that 16.04 may be one of the keepers.** | Ubuntu 16.04 has been hailed as the version of Ubuntu that will achieve convergence across many different platforms. While this is certainly true, perhaps we users should also be aware that the need to cater for hardware with varying levels of performance has no doubt brought about a new awareness within the developer community that certain previous versions of Unity were simply too slow. There has been a salutary reaction from developers. Things have certainly been turned around, and this newest version (for now) has regained some of the terrain lost. I have no precise numbers in front of me, but there is a distinct feeling that Ubuntu 16.04 is no heavier on a machine than 14.04, and may be distinctly lighter when using a lightweight desktop manager such as MATE. Time will tell, but I get the feeling that 16.04 may be one of the keepers.** | ||
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+ | Mais cela ne devrait pas nous dissuader de changer de disque dur. Comme mentionné plus haut, le prix des SSD a énormément baissé, jusqu' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ubuntu 16.04 est salué comme la version d' |
issue109/labolinux1.txt · Dernière modification : 2016/06/05 08:38 de d52fr