issue158:critique1
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Prochaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue158:critique1 [2020/07/01 14:12] – créée auntiee | issue158:critique1 [2020/07/06 19:17] (Version actuelle) – andre_domenech | ||
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- | I have been doing reviews of Ubuntu since 2007, Xubuntu since 2009 and Lubuntu since 2010. But the Ubuntu universe is a big place these days, with ten different official and community distributions, | + | **I have been doing reviews of Ubuntu since 2007, Xubuntu since 2009 and Lubuntu since 2010. But the Ubuntu universe is a big place these days, with ten different official and community distributions, |
At 15 years old, Kubuntu is a very mature distribution. It was first proposed by Canonical employee, Andreas Mueller, on 10 December, 2004, at the Ubuntu Conference in Mataró, Spain. Based on the reputation of the KDE community, Kubuntu immediately gained Mark Shuttleworth’s approval as the first variant of Ubuntu. The first version was Kubuntu 5.04 Hoary Hedgehog, released on 8 April, 2005, just six months after the first release of Ubuntu. | At 15 years old, Kubuntu is a very mature distribution. It was first proposed by Canonical employee, Andreas Mueller, on 10 December, 2004, at the Ubuntu Conference in Mataró, Spain. Based on the reputation of the KDE community, Kubuntu immediately gained Mark Shuttleworth’s approval as the first variant of Ubuntu. The first version was Kubuntu 5.04 Hoary Hedgehog, released on 8 April, 2005, just six months after the first release of Ubuntu. | ||
- | After being sponsored for many years by Canonical and then Blue Systems, today Kubuntu is a community-driven project. | + | After being sponsored for many years by Canonical and then Blue Systems, today Kubuntu is a community-driven project.** |
- | In the African Bemba language Kubuntu translates as “towards humanity”. The 20.04 LTS release also has an African connection, being codenamed “Focal Fossa” after the small cat-like carnivore from Madagascar. | + | Je fais des critiques d' |
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+ | À 15 ans d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Après avoir été parrainée pendant de nombreuses années par Canonical, puis par Blue Systems, aujourd' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **In the African Bemba language Kubuntu translates as “towards humanity”. The 20.04 LTS release also has an African connection, being codenamed “Focal Fossa” after the small cat-like carnivore from Madagascar. | ||
Kubuntu Long Term Support (LTS) releases are supported for three years, so users can run Kubuntu 20.04 LTS until April 2023, although I am sure that many will upgrade to the next LTS, due out in April 2022. | Kubuntu Long Term Support (LTS) releases are supported for three years, so users can run Kubuntu 20.04 LTS until April 2023, although I am sure that many will upgrade to the next LTS, due out in April 2022. | ||
- | Kubuntu has always used the Qt toolkit-based KDE desktop, but, over the last 15 years, KDE has evolved a lot. The first version of Kubuntu used KDE 3.4. Kubuntu 8.10 brought KDE 4, which became known as the KDE Software Compilation 4.5 in Kubuntu 10.10. KDE Plasma 5 was introduced as a “preview” in Kubuntu 14.10 and became the default desktop in 15.04. Over the past ten releases, since Plasma 5 was introduced, it has been incrementally improved and 20.04 LTS features Plasma 5.18. | + | Kubuntu has always used the Qt toolkit-based KDE desktop, but, over the last 15 years, KDE has evolved a lot. The first version of Kubuntu used KDE 3.4. Kubuntu 8.10 brought KDE 4, which became known as the KDE Software Compilation 4.5 in Kubuntu 10.10. KDE Plasma 5 was introduced as a “preview” in Kubuntu 14.10 and became the default desktop in 15.04. Over the past ten releases, since Plasma 5 was introduced, it has been incrementally improved and 20.04 LTS features |
+ | |||
+ | Dans la langue africaine Bamba, Kubuntu se traduit par « vers l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les publications de Kubuntu à support à long terme (LTS) sont prises en charge pendant trois ans ; aussi, les utilisateurs peuvent faire tourner Kubuntu 20.04 LTS jusqu' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Kubuntu utilise depuis toujours le bureau KDE basé sur la trousse d' | ||
- | Kubuntu recommends hardware with a minimum dual-core 2 GHz processor, 4 GB of RAM, and VGA video of at least 1024 x 768 pixels. Users can upgrade to Kubuntu 20.04 LTS from 19.10 or from the last LTS, 18.04, or they can do a fresh installation from a DVD or USB stick. | + | **Kubuntu recommends hardware with a minimum dual-core 2 GHz processor, 4 GB of RAM, and VGA video of at least 1024 x 768 pixels. Users can upgrade to Kubuntu 20.04 LTS from 19.10 or from the last LTS, 18.04, or they can do a fresh installation from a DVD or USB stick. |
Booting It Up | Booting It Up | ||
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I made up a Kubuntu USB installer using the Startup Disk Creator. As with the other Ubuntu flavors, booting from the USB stick now results in an automatic file system check, which is a good idea to ensure your stick is error-free. | I made up a Kubuntu USB installer using the Startup Disk Creator. As with the other Ubuntu flavors, booting from the USB stick now results in an automatic file system check, which is a good idea to ensure your stick is error-free. | ||
- | Once Kubuntu 20.04 LTS boots up, it shows a rather striking default jagged ice and earth wallpaper called “Next”. The included wallpaper selection gives 27 choices, all of which are quite beautiful. The Desktop Folder Settings also offers plain color desktops, a slide show, “picture of the day”, downloadable wallpaper plug-ins, or you can always use your own wallpaper. This sets the tone for Kubuntu in general, as it is highly configurable in all respects. This is markedly different from Ubuntu these days, which has much more limited customization. Kubuntu first and foremost feels like a distribution that is designed by developers for their own use. | + | Once Kubuntu 20.04 LTS boots up, it shows a rather striking default jagged ice and earth wallpaper called “Next”. The included wallpaper selection gives 27 choices, all of which are quite beautiful. The Desktop Folder Settings also offers plain color desktops, a slide show, “picture of the day”, downloadable wallpaper plug-ins, or you can always use your own wallpaper. This sets the tone for Kubuntu in general, as it is highly configurable in all respects. This is markedly different from Ubuntu these days, which has much more limited customization. Kubuntu first and foremost feels like a distribution that is designed by developers for their own use.** |
- | Computer desktops these days basically have two paradigms; they are either launcher-based, | + | Kubuntu recommande du matériel avec un processeur dual-core à 2 GHz minimum, 4 Go de RAM et une résolution vidéo VGA d'au moins 1024 x 768 pixels. Les utilisateurs peuvent faire une mise à niveau vers Kubuntu 20.04 LTS à partir de la 19.10 ou la dernière LTS, la 18.04, ou ils peuvent faire une nouvelle installation à partir d'un DVD ou une clé USB. |
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+ | La démarrer | ||
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+ | Avec le créateur de disque de démarrage (Startup Disk Creator), j'ai créé un installeur USB de Kubuntu. Comme c'est le cas d' | ||
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+ | Ubuntu Kubuntu 20.04 LTS démarrée, elle affiche un fond d' | ||
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+ | **Computer desktops these days basically have two paradigms; they are either launcher-based, | ||
The Kubuntu menu opens showing “favorites” and recently used applications. It then has sub-menus for “applications”, | The Kubuntu menu opens showing “favorites” and recently used applications. It then has sub-menus for “applications”, | ||
- | It is worth noting that there are desktop widgets that can be installed to replace the menu, such as the Application Dashboard, which adds a desktop icon that opens a fullscreen menu as an alternative, | + | It is worth noting that there are desktop widgets that can be installed to replace the menu, such as the Application Dashboard, which adds a desktop icon that opens a fullscreen menu as an alternative, |
+ | |||
+ | De nos jours, il y a essentiellement deux modèles de bureau : ils sont basés, soit sur un lanceur, soit sur un menu. Ubuntu utilise un lanceur, tandis que Lubuntu, Xubuntu et Kubuntu se servent d'un menu. | ||
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+ | Le menu de Kubuntu s' | ||
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+ | Il convient de signaler qu'il y a des widgets de bureau qui peuvent être installés pour remplacer le menu, comme l' | ||
- | Resizing or dragging windows on the desktop by default results in them going about 50% transparent while being moved, which I quickly found annoying. Being highly configurable, | + | **Resizing or dragging windows on the desktop by default results in them going about 50% transparent while being moved, which I quickly found annoying. Being highly configurable, |
What’s New | What’s New | ||
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Applications | Applications | ||
- | In general, Kubuntu has its own unique suite of Qt-based applications for the KDE desktop including the Qt version of LibreOffice. The one exception to this scheme is the use of the GTK toolkit-based Firefox web browser. There is a Qt-based browser, Falkon, and perhaps one day it will mature to the point of being ready to replace Firefox on the Qt desktop, but it is not quite there yet. | + | In general, Kubuntu has its own unique suite of Qt-based applications for the KDE desktop including the Qt version of LibreOffice. The one exception to this scheme is the use of the GTK toolkit-based Firefox web browser. There is a Qt-based browser, Falkon, and perhaps one day it will mature to the point of being ready to replace Firefox on the Qt desktop, but it is not quite there yet.** |
- | Some of the applications included in Kubuntu 20.04 LTS are: | + | |
+ | Par défaut, les fenêtres deviennent transparentes à environ 50 % pendant le redimensionnement ou le déplacement, | ||
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+ | Ce qui est nouveau | ||
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+ | Les publications LTS ont tendance à se concentrer sur la stabilité plutôt que de nouvelles fonctionnalités, | ||
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+ | Applications | ||
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+ | En général, Kubuntu a sa propre suite unique d' | ||
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+ | **Some of the applications included in Kubuntu 20.04 LTS are: | ||
Ark 19.12.3 – archive manager | Ark 19.12.3 – archive manager | ||
Discover 2.12 – software center | Discover 2.12 – software center | ||
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VLC 3.0.9.2 – media player | VLC 3.0.9.2 – media player | ||
- | It is interesting to note that, like Ubuntu, Kubuntu 20.04 LTS does not include a CD/DVD burning application by default. This seems sensible in 2020, as neither laptops nor desktop computers have come equipped with optical drives for many years, and CDs and DVDs are getting hard to find. If users install Kubuntu on a computer that has an optical drive, the KDE standard CD/DVD burner, K3B, can always be installed from the repositories using Discover, Muon or the command-line. | + | It is interesting to note that, like Ubuntu, Kubuntu 20.04 LTS does not include a CD/DVD burning application by default. This seems sensible in 2020, as neither laptops nor desktop computers have come equipped with optical drives for many years, and CDs and DVDs are getting hard to find. If users install Kubuntu on a computer that has an optical drive, the KDE standard CD/DVD burner, K3B, can always be installed from the repositories using Discover, Muon or the command-line.** |
- | By default, Kubuntu 20.04 LTS also does not come with a webcam application, | + | Voici certaines des applications incluses dans Kubuntu 20.04 LTS : |
+ | |||
+ | Ark 19.12.3 – gestionnaire d' | ||
+ | Discover 2.12 – centre de logiciels | ||
+ | Dolphin 20.04.1 – gestionnaire de fichiers | ||
+ | Elisa 19.12.3 – lecteur de musique | ||
+ | Emoji picker – gestionnaire d' | ||
+ | Firefox 75.0 – navigateur Web | ||
+ | Gwenview 19.12.3 – visionneur d' | ||
+ | Kate 19.12.3 – éditeur de texte | ||
+ | Kcalc 19.12.3 - calculatrice | ||
+ | KDE Partition Manager 4.1.0 – formatage de partitions | ||
+ | Konsole 19.12.3 – émulateur de terminal | ||
+ | Kmahjongg 19.12.3 – jeu | ||
+ | Kmines 19.12.3 – jeu | ||
+ | Konversation 1.7.5 – client IRC | ||
+ | Kpat 19.12.3 – jeu | ||
+ | Ksudoku 19.12.3 – jeu | ||
+ | KsysGuard 5.18.4 – surveillance du système | ||
+ | Ktorrent 5.1.2 – client bit torrent | ||
+ | LibreOffice 6.4.2.2 – suite bureautique complète, sauf la base de données LibreOffice Base | ||
+ | Muon 5.8.0 – gestionnaire de paquets | ||
+ | Okluar 19.12.3 – visionneur de documents PDF | ||
+ | PulseAudio 13.99.1 – contrôleur audio | ||
+ | Skanlite 2.1.0.1 – utilitaire de scan | ||
+ | Spectacle 0.25 – outil de capture d' | ||
+ | Startup Disk Creator 0.3.7 – graveur ISO sur USB | ||
+ | Thunderbird 68.7.0 – client mail | ||
+ | VLC 3.0.9.2 – lecteur de média | ||
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+ | Il est intéressant de noter que, comme Ubuntu, Kubuntu 20.04 LTS ne comprend pas par défaut d' | ||
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+ | **By default, Kubuntu 20.04 LTS also does not come with a webcam application, | ||
The Dolphin file manager works well and includes easy bulk file renaming, just select two or more files and hit “F2”. | The Dolphin file manager works well and includes easy bulk file renaming, just select two or more files and hit “F2”. | ||
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Settings and Themes | Settings and Themes | ||
- | As noted, Kubuntu offers a wide range of customization, | + | As noted, Kubuntu offers a wide range of customization, |
- | Most of the customization is found under “System Settings”, | + | Par défaut, Kubuntu 20.04 LTS n'est pas livrée avec une application webcam, un éditeur d' |
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+ | Le gestionnaire de fichiers Dolphin fonctionne bien et inclut le renommage facile de fichiers par lot : il suffit de sélectionner deux fichiers ou plus et d' | ||
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+ | L' | ||
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+ | Il y a quelques incohérences dans le fonctionnement des applications dans Kubuntu. Par exemple, les applications KDE natives, comme le gestionnaire de fichiers Dolphin, ont des « menus globaux » qui s' | ||
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+ | Paramètres et thèmes | ||
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+ | Comme déjà signalé, Kubuntu propose une large gamme de personnalisation, | ||
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+ | **Most of the customization is found under “System Settings”, | ||
By default, Kubuntu has two panels, one at the top to show the global menus and one at the bottom with the main menu “gear” button, open applications, | By default, Kubuntu has two panels, one at the top to show the global menus and one at the bottom with the main menu “gear” button, open applications, | ||
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Kubuntu features desktop widgets, devices that can be added for extra functionality, | Kubuntu features desktop widgets, devices that can be added for extra functionality, | ||
- | Application launchers can be added to a panel as well to make them quicker to access. This is done by finding them on the main menu, right-clicking, | + | Application launchers can be added to a panel as well to make them quicker to access. This is done by finding them on the main menu, right-clicking, |
- | Testing | + | La plupart de la personnalisation se trouve sous « Configuration du système », y compris six différents thèmes de couleur des fenêtres. Deux sont les thèmes sombres obligatoires qui sont très tendance de nos jours. La plupart des thèmes de fenêtres sont bien conçus et au moins rendent évidentes les fenêtres qui sont actives et inactives. |
+ | |||
+ | Par défaut, Kubuntu a deux panneaux, un en haut pour montrer les menus globaux et un autre en bas avec le bouton « engrenage » du menu principal, les applications ouvertes et les icônes de statut. Des panneaux peuvent être mis sur les côtés, à la place de, ou en complément à, ceux du haut et du bas. | ||
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+ | Kubuntu comporte des widgets de bureau, des dispositifs qui peuvent être ajoutés pour une fonctionnalité supplémentaire, | ||
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+ | Des lanceurs d' | ||
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+ | **Testing | ||
In daily use, Kubuntu 20.04 LTS is quick to figure out and easy to use. The main menu takes a bit of getting used to, but, with some practice, it works well enough, particularly since most commonly-used applications will quickly end up on the favorites menu, which is the first displayed on opening. | In daily use, Kubuntu 20.04 LTS is quick to figure out and easy to use. The main menu takes a bit of getting used to, but, with some practice, it works well enough, particularly since most commonly-used applications will quickly end up on the favorites menu, which is the first displayed on opening. | ||
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Considering that this is the 31st release of Kubuntu, and the tenth since Plasma 5 was introduced, it really is a very polished and mature Linux distribution, | Considering that this is the 31st release of Kubuntu, and the tenth since Plasma 5 was introduced, it really is a very polished and mature Linux distribution, | ||
- | Where Kubuntu really differs from the other Ubuntu flavors is in its wide choices for user customization. Almost anything in Kubuntu can be changed to get it looking and working the way you want. Perhaps the biggest challenge is to make good notes so that you can duplicate your favorite set-up for any future fresh installation. | + | Where Kubuntu really differs from the other Ubuntu flavors is in its wide choices for user customization. Almost anything in Kubuntu can be changed to get it looking and working the way you want. Perhaps the biggest challenge is to make good notes so that you can duplicate your favorite set-up for any future fresh installation.** |
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+ | Les tests | ||
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+ | Lors d'un usage quotidien, il est facile de comprendre et d' | ||
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+ | J'ai installé le composant graphique Tableau de bord des applications comme alternative au menu principal et j'ai trouvé que c'est, en fait, beaucoup plus rapide et plus facile à utiliser. C'est essentiellement un système de menu alternatif et complet. | ||
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+ | Conclusions | ||
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+ | Étant donné qu'il s'agit de la 31e publication de Kubuntu et le dixième depuis l' | ||
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+ | Là où Kubuntu se distingue vraiment des autres saveurs d' | ||
issue158/critique1.1593605564.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2020/07/01 14:12 de auntiee