issue103:tutoriel_5
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Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue103:tutoriel_5 [2015/12/13 09:33] – d52fr | issue103:tutoriel_5 [2015/12/15 16:39] (Version actuelle) – erlevo | ||
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Notice that there are some other attributes, in the “inkscape” namespace. In particular you'll find “inkscape: | Notice that there are some other attributes, in the “inkscape” namespace. In particular you'll find “inkscape: | ||
- | Avant de trop s'enfoncer | + | Avant d'aller plus loin dans les Effets de chemin (LPE - Live Path Effect), il vaut mieux montrer quelques détails d' |
- | Bon, il ressemble à mon fichier Inkscape original, mais comment | + | Bon, il ressemble à mon fichier Inkscape original, mais comment |
+ | |||
+ | Notez qu'il y a d' | ||
+ | Ceux-ci font référence aux éléments < | ||
**So, in summary, Inkscape uses the “original-d” attribute and < | **So, in summary, Inkscape uses the “original-d” attribute and < | ||
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Because Inkscape calculates the final path from the original path and LPE parameters, using live path effects places more of a burden on the processor, resulting in slower rendering speeds. Usually this isn't an issue, but when zooming into a very complex drawing it can become noticeable. If you're happy with the LPE output, and don't need to change it any further, you can “fix” the path so that it looks the same, but is no longer based on path effects. Essentially this process just removes the Inkscape-namespaced attributes from the path element, leaving it with just the same “d” attribute that any other application uses. To do this, simply use the Path > Object to Path menu entry (CTRL-SHIFT-C). It may seem odd to use Object to Path on something that's already a path, but think of it as converting an LPE path to a plain SVG path, and it makes more sense. Like any other Object to Path conversion this is a strictly one-way affair, so make sure you keep a backup of the file from just before the change, in case you subsequently find you need to modify your LPE parameters after all.** | Because Inkscape calculates the final path from the original path and LPE parameters, using live path effects places more of a burden on the processor, resulting in slower rendering speeds. Usually this isn't an issue, but when zooming into a very complex drawing it can become noticeable. If you're happy with the LPE output, and don't need to change it any further, you can “fix” the path so that it looks the same, but is no longer based on path effects. Essentially this process just removes the Inkscape-namespaced attributes from the path element, leaving it with just the same “d” attribute that any other application uses. To do this, simply use the Path > Object to Path menu entry (CTRL-SHIFT-C). It may seem odd to use Object to Path on something that's already a path, but think of it as converting an LPE path to a plain SVG path, and it makes more sense. Like any other Object to Path conversion this is a strictly one-way affair, so make sure you keep a backup of the file from just before the change, in case you subsequently find you need to modify your LPE parameters after all.** | ||
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+ | Donc, en résumé, Inkscape utilise l' | ||
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+ | Inkscape ne fait pas toujours un bon travail de suppression des éléments inutilisés dans la section < defs > du fichier, et les définitions des effets de chemin ne font pas exception. Si vous ajoutez et supprimez pas mal d' | ||
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+ | Parce que Inkscape calcule le chemin final à partir du chemin initial et des paramètres des effets de chemin, l' | ||
**That' | **That' | ||
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• The third button is for pasting a path to use as the bend path. This could be one that you've copied from another LPE using button two, or it could be a path you've constructed elsewhere in your canvas. Again, there' | • The third button is for pasting a path to use as the bend path. This could be one that you've copied from another LPE using button two, or it could be a path you've constructed elsewhere in your canvas. Again, there' | ||
• The final button lets you link to an existing path, rather than create a new bend path. In this case there is a live connection to the original path, so any changes you make to that are immediately reflected in the LPE. I'll discuss this button in more detail a little later.** | • The final button lets you link to an existing path, rather than create a new bend path. In this case there is a live connection to the original path, so any changes you make to that are immediately reflected in the LPE. I'll discuss this button in more detail a little later.** | ||
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+ | Pour le moment, c'est assez sur les détails de cuisine, poursuivons avec un nouvel effet de chemin ! Comme d' | ||
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+ | Nous allons regarder l' | ||
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+ | Cette disposition de boutons apparaît fréquemment dans les effets de chemin, à chaque fois qu'un chemin supplémentaire est nécessaire comme partie des paramètres d' | ||
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+ | • Le premier bouton vous permet de modifier le chemin « de courbure » directement sur le canevas. C'est le plus utilisé des quatre. | ||
+ | • Le second bouton vous permet de copier le chemin de courbure dans le presse-papier. De là, vous pouvez le coller dans un autre effet de chemin, ou même le coller directement sur le canevas comme un autre chemin indépendant. Ces copies ne gardent aucune connexion avec le chemin de courbure d' | ||
+ | • Le troisième bouton est pour coller un chemin à utiliser en chemin de courbure. Ce peut en être un que vous avez copié d'un autre effet de chemin en utilisant le bouton deux, ou ce peut être un chemin que vous avez mis en place à un autre endroit du canevas. Là encore, aucune relation n'est conservée avec l' | ||
+ | • Le dernier bouton vous permet de faire un lien avec un chemin existant, plutôt que de créer un nouveau chemin de courbure. Dans ce cas, il y a un connexione vivante avec l' | ||
**If you press the first button you should find that a straight green path appears on the canvas, directly over your skeleton path. This is the bend path, and you can manipulate it in the same way as any other. Try dragging the path itself, or use the node handles, to distort its shape, noticing how the skeleton path is morphed in real-time to match your changes. You can also move the nodes themselves, in order to stretch, compress or rotate the skeleton path. If the bend path disappears – usually due to a mis-click causing the skeleton path to become selected – just click on the first button of the quartet in the LPE dialog to make it reappear. With barely any effort the Bend path effect can turn your straight arrow into a curved or sinuous shape that would take a lot more time and work to produce using normal path editing techniques: | **If you press the first button you should find that a straight green path appears on the canvas, directly over your skeleton path. This is the bend path, and you can manipulate it in the same way as any other. Try dragging the path itself, or use the node handles, to distort its shape, noticing how the skeleton path is morphed in real-time to match your changes. You can also move the nodes themselves, in order to stretch, compress or rotate the skeleton path. If the bend path disappears – usually due to a mis-click causing the skeleton path to become selected – just click on the first button of the quartet in the LPE dialog to make it reappear. With barely any effort the Bend path effect can turn your straight arrow into a curved or sinuous shape that would take a lot more time and work to produce using normal path editing techniques: | ||
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Using the second and third buttons you can copy and paste the bend path from one LPE to another, which can be handy if you want several skeleton paths all distorted in the same way. Each bend path will be an independent copy, though, so changes to one won't affect the others. Sometimes it's useful to have multiple bend paths all linked to a single “master” path, such that changes to the shape of the master are immediately reflected in each individual LPE. The fourth button allows you to achieve that effect, but it's not without its difficulties.** | Using the second and third buttons you can copy and paste the bend path from one LPE to another, which can be handy if you want several skeleton paths all distorted in the same way. Each bend path will be an independent copy, though, so changes to one won't affect the others. Sometimes it's useful to have multiple bend paths all linked to a single “master” path, such that changes to the shape of the master are immediately reflected in each individual LPE. The fourth button allows you to achieve that effect, but it's not without its difficulties.** | ||
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+ | Si vous appuyez sur le premier bouton, vous devriez trouver qu'un chemin droit vert apparaît sur le canevas, directement sur le chemin squelette. C'est le chemin de courbure, que vous pouvez manipuler comme n' | ||
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+ | Mais il y a plus ! Le chemin de courbure ne se limite pas aux deux nœuds terminaux reliés par une courbe. Vous pouvez ajouter des nœuds supplémentaires, | ||
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+ | Avec les second et troisième boutons, vous pouvez copier et coller le chemin de courbure d'un effet de chemin à un autre, ce qui peut être pratique si vous voulez que plusieurs squelettes soient déformés de la même manière. Cependant, chaque chemin de courbure sera une copie indépendante, | ||
**For this example I'm going to use two different kinds of arrow, and I want to apply the Bend LPE to both of them such that they follow the shape of the green path at the bottom of the image. | **For this example I'm going to use two different kinds of arrow, and I want to apply the Bend LPE to both of them such that they follow the shape of the green path at the bottom of the image. | ||
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Fortunately there are a couple of ways around this problem. Inkscape has a setting hidden away in Edit > Preferences > Behaviour > Transforms labelled as “Store Transformation”, | Fortunately there are a couple of ways around this problem. Inkscape has a setting hidden away in Edit > Preferences > Behaviour > Transforms labelled as “Store Transformation”, | ||
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+ | Pour cet exemple, je vais utiliser deux types de flèches différents et je veux appliquer l' | ||
+ | Tout d' | ||
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+ | De prime abord, ça peut paraître comme un problème plutôt anodin. Il n'y a qu'à ramener les flèches vers les positions souhaitées, | ||
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+ | Heureusement, | ||
**If you want to leave the setting as Optimised, there is a second alternative which allows you to add extra data to just the problem paths. It's a little counter-intuitive, | **If you want to leave the setting as Optimised, there is a second alternative which allows you to add extra data to just the problem paths. It's a little counter-intuitive, | ||
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Whichever approach you take, you should now have two separate, independently positioned arrows, both of which are linked to the shape of the master bend path. Modify that path and you'll see the arrows shape change accordingly. If you don't want to see the bend path in your final design, simply hide it behind another object, set its opacity to 0 (use View > Display Mode > Outline to find it again) or just move it onto a hidden layer. | Whichever approach you take, you should now have two separate, independently positioned arrows, both of which are linked to the shape of the master bend path. Modify that path and you'll see the arrows shape change accordingly. If you don't want to see the bend path in your final design, simply hide it behind another object, set its opacity to 0 (use View > Display Mode > Outline to find it again) or just move it onto a hidden layer. | ||
The remaining controls for the Bend LPE are fairly simple. The Width spinbox lets you control the scaling of the skeleton path, perpendicular to the bend path. Play with it to see the effect. The “Width in units of length” checkbox has a slightly misleading title: “keep width proportional to length” would be a better name. Check this, and the width of the path is scaled as the length of the bend path changes; leave it unchecked to keep the width unchanged regardless of the shape of the bend path or the position of the end nodes. The final checkbox is quite self-explanatory: | The remaining controls for the Bend LPE are fairly simple. The Width spinbox lets you control the scaling of the skeleton path, perpendicular to the bend path. Play with it to see the effect. The “Width in units of length” checkbox has a slightly misleading title: “keep width proportional to length” would be a better name. Check this, and the width of the path is scaled as the length of the bend path changes; leave it unchecked to keep the width unchanged regardless of the shape of the bend path or the position of the end nodes. The final checkbox is quite self-explanatory: | ||
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+ | Si vous voulez laisser le réglage sur Optimisé, une deuxième alternative vous permet d' | ||
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+ | Quelle que soit l' | ||
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+ | Les contrôles restants de l' | ||
**The Bend LPE is one that's well suited for use with text, to produce the sort of “Word Art” effects so beloved of parish newsletters in the 1990s. Because LPEs won't work directly on a text object, you first have to perform the one-way conversion of your text into a complex path. Using Path > Object to Path will result in a group of individual paths, one for each letter. We really want a single path encompassing the whole text, so it's easier to use Path > Combine, which will convert your text into paths, and combine them into a single complex shape, all as one operation. The final result will be a group of one object, so you'll probably want to ungroup as well. From there you're free to add a Bend effect and distort your text as you would with any other path. | **The Bend LPE is one that's well suited for use with text, to produce the sort of “Word Art” effects so beloved of parish newsletters in the 1990s. Because LPEs won't work directly on a text object, you first have to perform the one-way conversion of your text into a complex path. Using Path > Object to Path will result in a group of individual paths, one for each letter. We really want a single path encompassing the whole text, so it's easier to use Path > Combine, which will convert your text into paths, and combine them into a single complex shape, all as one operation. The final result will be a group of one object, so you'll probably want to ungroup as well. From there you're free to add a Bend effect and distort your text as you would with any other path. | ||
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One noticeable difference between the approaches is that the LPE distorts the shape of the letters, whereas text-on-a-path maintains their original shapes. Sometimes the distortion effect is desirable, in which case I can only recommend that you save a copy of the file just prior to converting to a path, in case you do need to edit it later. | One noticeable difference between the approaches is that the LPE distorts the shape of the letters, whereas text-on-a-path maintains their original shapes. Sometimes the distortion effect is desirable, in which case I can only recommend that you save a copy of the file just prior to converting to a path, in case you do need to edit it later. | ||
Next time we'll move beyond simple path bending and into the kind of full-on distortions that can turn some simple text into a 1970s album title, as we continue to look at Inkscape' | Next time we'll move beyond simple path bending and into the kind of full-on distortions that can turn some simple text into a 1970s album title, as we continue to look at Inkscape' | ||
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+ | L' | ||
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+ | Cependant, avant de convertir définitivement votre texte en chemin, considérez cet inconvénient : la forme n'est plus du tout un objet texte ; ainsi, vous ne pourrez plus modifier le contenu si vous trouvez une erreur. Souvent un résultat similaire peut être obtenu en dessinant un chemin de courbure séparé, puis en sélectionnant à la fois votre texte et le chemin avant d' | ||
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+ | Une différence notable entre les deux approches est que l' | ||
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+ | La prochaine fois, en continuant à étudier les effets de chemin d' |
issue103/tutoriel_5.1449995621.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2015/12/13 09:33 de d52fr