issue104:tutoriel5
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue104:tutoriel5 [2016/01/11 19:50] – d52fr | issue104:tutoriel5 [2016/01/14 15:41] (Version actuelle) – auntiee | ||
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Skipping the two checkboxes for now, what will be immediately apparent is that this looks like four sets of the UI from the Bend LPE. The four lines correspond to the four sides of the path's bounding box: by default they are straight horizontal and vertical paths, but by using the buttons in the same way as we did for the Bend LPE, you can deform each side along a bend path. The result is as though your skeleton path is printed on a rubber sheet whose sides are stretched, distorting the shape. For example, clicking the “Edit on-canvas” button for the Bottom bend path allows me to quickly change the logo to something more suitable for an album cover.** | Skipping the two checkboxes for now, what will be immediately apparent is that this looks like four sets of the UI from the Bend LPE. The four lines correspond to the four sides of the path's bounding box: by default they are straight horizontal and vertical paths, but by using the buttons in the same way as we did for the Bend LPE, you can deform each side along a bend path. The result is as though your skeleton path is printed on a rubber sheet whose sides are stretched, distorting the shape. For example, clicking the “Edit on-canvas” button for the Bottom bend path allows me to quickly change the logo to something more suitable for an album cover.** | ||
- | Quand je ne suis pas en train de dessiner | + | Quand je ne dessine |
- | C'est un bout départ, mais c'est un peu plat. Je pourrai | + | C'est un bon départ, mais c'est un peu plat. Je pourrais |
- | Sautant | + | |
+ | Sautant, pour l' | ||
**As you can see, the path currently being edited is displayed in green. Notice also that the deformation stretches across the whole height of the skeleton path, even though we only modified the bottom path. For more fine-grained control – such as keeping the top of the text horizontal – you have little choice but to engage in some manual node editing | **As you can see, the path currently being edited is displayed in green. Notice also that the deformation stretches across the whole height of the skeleton path, even though we only modified the bottom path. For more fine-grained control – such as keeping the top of the text horizontal – you have little choice but to engage in some manual node editing | ||
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If that happens to you, just use Path > Reverse to change the order of your path's nodes without affecting their positions.** | If that happens to you, just use Path > Reverse to change the order of your path's nodes without affecting their positions.** | ||
- | Comme vous pouvez le voir, le chemin en cours de modification est affiché en vert. Notez aussi que les les déformations s' | + | Comme vous pouvez le voir, le chemin en cours de modification est affiché en vert. Notez aussi que les déformations s' |
- | Avec seulement | + | En utilisant tout simplement |
- | Une chose que j'ai trouvé frustrante c' | + | Que trois des quatre chemins de courbure ne soient |
- | + | ||
- | Une chose à surveiller avec ce LPE, c'est la direction des chemins. Si vos chemins ne ne correspondent pas à la direction attendue par l' | + | |
- | Si ça vous arrive, utilise juste Chemin > Inverser pour changer l' | + | |
+ | Une chose à surveiller avec ce LPE, c'est la direction des chemins. Si vos chemins ne correspondent pas à la direction attendue par l' | ||
+ | Si cela vous arrive, il suffit d' | ||
**As to those checkboxes… as their labels imply, they are used to enable or disable the top/bottom or left/right paths in the effect. Be aware that disabling a pair of paths is not the same as setting them to a straight line, which can lead to some confusing results. Where I find these options most useful is for creating trapezoid shapes. Here's the logo with left and right paths disabled, and the top path edited to be smaller than the bottom one: | **As to those checkboxes… as their labels imply, they are used to enable or disable the top/bottom or left/right paths in the effect. Be aware that disabling a pair of paths is not the same as setting them to a straight line, which can lead to some confusing results. Where I find these options most useful is for creating trapezoid shapes. Here's the logo with left and right paths disabled, and the top path edited to be smaller than the bottom one: | ||
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“We would abbreviate it to LPE,” he said, “with the logo being something more geometric made up of the three letters crossing over and under each other.”** | “We would abbreviate it to LPE,” he said, “with the logo being something more geometric made up of the three letters crossing over and under each other.”** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Comme l' | ||
+ | L' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Bien sûr, vous pouvez utiliser le LPE de déformation par enveloppe avec tous les chemins, pas seulement ceux créés avec du texte. Vous pouvez aussi l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Cependant, comme tous les bons groupes des années 70, au milieu de l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | « Nous pourrions l’abréger en LPE », dit-il, « avec un logo plus géométrique, | ||
**“So something like the Emerson, Lake and Palmer logo?” I asked. | **“So something like the Emerson, Lake and Palmer logo?” I asked. | ||
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As you can see, this LPE automatically introduces gaps into a path where it crosses itself or any other sub-path. Most of the controls are used to simply alter the width of the gaps. With all the checkboxes cleared, the Fixed Width spinbox allows you to set a fixed size, in pixels, for the gaps. Check the “In units of stroke width” box, and it instead becomes a multiplier of the stroke width. The value of 1.50 that I've chosen just means that the gap will be 50% larger than the stroke, giving a nice 25% gap on either side.** | As you can see, this LPE automatically introduces gaps into a path where it crosses itself or any other sub-path. Most of the controls are used to simply alter the width of the gaps. With all the checkboxes cleared, the Fixed Width spinbox allows you to set a fixed size, in pixels, for the gaps. Check the “In units of stroke width” box, and it instead becomes a multiplier of the stroke width. The value of 1.50 that I've chosen just means that the gap will be 50% larger than the stroke, giving a nice 25% gap on either side.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | « Donc, quelque chose comme le logo d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | « Heu… non, pas du tout comme ça. Le leur, c'est ELP, alors que le nôtre donne LPE. Tu vois la différence ? » | ||
+ | |||
+ | « Je la vois, mais je ne suis pas sûr que les juristes la fassent. » | ||
+ | |||
+ | En dépit de mes appréhensions, | ||
+ | |||
+ | En décochant deux cases à cocher, j'ai remis les choses un peu d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Comme vous pouvez le voir, ce LPE introduit automatiquement des espaces sur le chemin quand il se recoupe ou croise un autre sous-chemin. La plupart des contrôles sont utilisés pour modifier la taille des vides. Quand toutes les cases sont décochées, | ||
**It is possible to apply this LPE to a group of paths, rather than a single composite path. In that case you could be dealing with different stroke widths as a thick line crosses over, or under, a thin one. The last two checkboxes let you add the width of the “under” stroke (the one that gets the gap inserted) and the “crossing path” stroke, respectively. This can be useful to automatically compensate for line differences in complex arrangements or to have gaps that automatically adjust if you change the stroke width, whether explicitly or just by scaling your design. | **It is possible to apply this LPE to a group of paths, rather than a single composite path. In that case you could be dealing with different stroke widths as a thick line crosses over, or under, a thin one. The last two checkboxes let you add the width of the “under” stroke (the one that gets the gap inserted) and the “crossing path” stroke, respectively. This can be useful to automatically compensate for line differences in complex arrangements or to have gaps that automatically adjust if you change the stroke width, whether explicitly or just by scaling your design. | ||
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It can be really hard to spot in Inkscape 0.48 and, despite the name of the control, changing the Switcher Size parameter will have no effect whatsoever. On 0.91, however, the switcher is surrounded by a blue arc or circle. Modifying the parameter will affect the size of the circle, making it easier to spot the switcher on a busy path with lots of intersections.** | It can be really hard to spot in Inkscape 0.48 and, despite the name of the control, changing the Switcher Size parameter will have no effect whatsoever. On 0.91, however, the switcher is surrounded by a blue arc or circle. Modifying the parameter will affect the size of the circle, making it easier to spot the switcher on a busy path with lots of intersections.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Il est possible d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ce qui nous amène au dernier contrôle : la Taille du sélecteur. Pour que vous puissiez comprendre ce qu'il fait, je dois d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | C'est difficile de le localiser dans Inkscape 0.48 et, en dépit du nom du contrôle, la modification du paramètre Taille du sélecteur n'aura aucun effet. Cependant, dans la 0.91, le sélecteur est entouré d'un arc ou cercle bleu. La modification du paramètre change la taille du cercle, rendant plus aisée la localisation du sélecteur dans un chemin chargé avec beaucoup d' | ||
**But what does the switcher actually do? Clicking on it cycles the crossing between three states: the first two determine which path has the break (and therefore, which path appears to go over the other), whilst the third state removes the break entirely. Version 0.91 indicates these three states using a blue arc with an arrowhead pointing clockwise or anti-clockwise for the first two states, and a circle with no arrowhead to indicate the third state (0.48 offers no such indication). Unfortunately there' | **But what does the switcher actually do? Clicking on it cycles the crossing between three states: the first two determine which path has the break (and therefore, which path appears to go over the other), whilst the third state removes the break entirely. Version 0.91 indicates these three states using a blue arc with an arrowhead pointing clockwise or anti-clockwise for the first two states, and a circle with no arrowhead to indicate the third state (0.48 offers no such indication). Unfortunately there' | ||
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With the basics of the design complete, I added a couple of finishing touches to turn it into a proper logo. First I copied the original path and removed the LPE before using Path > Stroke to Path. This resulted in an outline version of the logo that I could then apply an extra stroke to in order to thicken it. I copied this version again, leaving me with three paths, one of which has the Knot LPE applied. By setting the fill and stroke to white on one of the copies, and setting a thicker black stroke on the third, I was then able to stack the paths on top of each other to produce the final effect.** | With the basics of the design complete, I added a couple of finishing touches to turn it into a proper logo. First I copied the original path and removed the LPE before using Path > Stroke to Path. This resulted in an outline version of the logo that I could then apply an extra stroke to in order to thicken it. I copied this version again, leaving me with three paths, one of which has the Knot LPE applied. By setting the fill and stroke to white on one of the copies, and setting a thicker black stroke on the third, I was then able to stack the paths on top of each other to produce the final effect.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Mais que fait réellement le sélecteur ? Par une série successive de clics, le croisement passe par trois états : les deux premiers déterminent quel chemin a la coupure (et donc, quel chemin semble passer sur l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Cependant, quel que soit l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les bases du dessin étant terminées, j'ai ajouté quelques touches de finition pour le transformer en superbe logo. D' | ||
**There are a few things worth mentioning about the Knot LPE. Trying to edit the skeleton path while the LPE is visible can lead to Inkscape crashes, especially if you're still using version 0.48. Make sure you save regularly, and know where any auto-save files are stored. Simply turning off the visibility of the LPE in the Path Effects dialog is enough to mitigate this problem and you can then make it visible again afterwards. | **There are a few things worth mentioning about the Knot LPE. Trying to edit the skeleton path while the LPE is visible can lead to Inkscape crashes, especially if you're still using version 0.48. Make sure you save regularly, and know where any auto-save files are stored. Simply turning off the visibility of the LPE in the Path Effects dialog is enough to mitigate this problem and you can then make it visible again afterwards. | ||
Depending on how your skeleton path was produced, you can also end up with unexpected breaks in it when using the Knot LPE. If this occurs, check for nodes that are doubled up on top of each other, perhaps as the result of a boolean operation. These can be fixed using the Node tool by rubber-band selecting the two nodes in question, then using the “Join Selected Nodes” button on the tool control bar to combine them into one. Where misplaced breaks are not due to doubled up nodes, your only recourse is to reshape your path a little. Try adding a node at a nearby intersection, | Depending on how your skeleton path was produced, you can also end up with unexpected breaks in it when using the Knot LPE. If this occurs, check for nodes that are doubled up on top of each other, perhaps as the result of a boolean operation. These can be fixed using the Node tool by rubber-band selecting the two nodes in question, then using the “Join Selected Nodes” button on the tool control bar to combine them into one. Where misplaced breaks are not due to doubled up nodes, your only recourse is to reshape your path a little. Try adding a node at a nearby intersection, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Quelques autres choses valent le coup d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Suivant la façon dont votre squelette a été créé, vous pouvez aussi obtenir des coupures inexplicables lors de l' | ||
**It's also worth reiterating that a Live Path Effect takes a path as its input, and produces a path as its output. Therefore your knotted path is still just a path, so is limited by the choice of end-caps that are available in SVG. If your paths cross at 90°, as in the logo example, butt or square caps will usually produce a good result. For anything else, however, you might find that rounded caps are better. This restriction does limit the artistic effects you can get from this LPE when lines have to cross at shallow angles. In the following example, the red and blue lines are broken using the Knot LPE with round and square caps. To get the effect of the purple line, however, it was necessary to convert the stroke to a path, then manually cut out the gaps. | **It's also worth reiterating that a Live Path Effect takes a path as its input, and produces a path as its output. Therefore your knotted path is still just a path, so is limited by the choice of end-caps that are available in SVG. If your paths cross at 90°, as in the logo example, butt or square caps will usually produce a good result. For anything else, however, you might find that rounded caps are better. This restriction does limit the artistic effects you can get from this LPE when lines have to cross at shallow angles. In the following example, the red and blue lines are broken using the Knot LPE with round and square caps. To get the effect of the purple line, however, it was necessary to convert the stroke to a path, then manually cut out the gaps. | ||
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Thanks to the Knot LPE it didn't take too long to produce that design – which is a good thing, as the following day the singer decided that he was leaving the band to go on a spiritual retreat to India. Perhaps I should form an 80’s style synth pop group instead. “Spiro Spline” sounds like a great band name to me…** | Thanks to the Knot LPE it didn't take too long to produce that design – which is a good thing, as the following day the singer decided that he was leaving the band to go on a spiritual retreat to India. Perhaps I should form an 80’s style synth pop group instead. “Spiro Spline” sounds like a great band name to me…** | ||
+ | |||
+ | C'est important aussi de redire que les effets de chemin en direct (LPE) prennent le chemin comme leur entrée, et produisent un chemin en sortie. Par conséquent, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Tout cet entraînement au dessin d'un nouveau logo s'est avéré particulièrement utile quand le chanteur a déclaré que notre album s' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Grâce au LPE Entrelacs (ou Nœuds), ce dessin n'est pas trop long à réaliser, ce qui est une bonne chose, car le lendemain, le chanteur décidait qu'il quittait le groupe pour effectuer une retraite spirituelle en Inde. Peut-être que je devrais créer à la place un groupe électropop style années 80. « Spiro Spline » me parait être un super nom de groupe... |
issue104/tutoriel5.1452538242.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2016/01/11 19:50 de d52fr