issue111:c_c
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Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue111:c_c [2016/08/19 09:14] – d52fr | issue111:c_c [2016/08/23 19:06] (Version actuelle) – andre_domenech | ||
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**As a guitarist who is also a geek at heart, I’m always looking for a way to organise my various tab books alongside my PDF tabs. In preparation for my summer, I’ve therefore started collecting some of the tabs I like in an electronic format. At first, it was via scanning, but the quality of that was often less than overwhelming. Instead, I’ve begun writing the musical notation and tabs using LilyPond.** | **As a guitarist who is also a geek at heart, I’m always looking for a way to organise my various tab books alongside my PDF tabs. In preparation for my summer, I’ve therefore started collecting some of the tabs I like in an electronic format. At first, it was via scanning, but the quality of that was often less than overwhelming. Instead, I’ve begun writing the musical notation and tabs using LilyPond.** | ||
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+ | Comme un guitariste qui est aussi un geek de cœur, j'ai toujours cherché une façon d' | ||
**What is LilyPond? | **What is LilyPond? | ||
For anyone who knows what LaTeX is, LilyPond is (in very basic terms) a typesetting language for music. In the music world, it’s not called typesetting, | For anyone who knows what LaTeX is, LilyPond is (in very basic terms) a typesetting language for music. In the music world, it’s not called typesetting, | ||
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+ | Qu' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour tous ceux qui savent ce qu'est LaTeX, LilyPond est (en termes très simples) un langage de composition pour la musique. Dans le monde de la musique, on ne parle pas de composition, | ||
**How does it Work? | **How does it Work? | ||
LilyPond uses *.ly files as source code. Once the code has been written, it is then compiled into a PDF using the lilypond CLI tool. The way the source code works is by defining a Staff - this is the normal musical notation, or TabStaff (tablature), | LilyPond uses *.ly files as source code. Once the code has been written, it is then compiled into a PDF using the lilypond CLI tool. The way the source code works is by defining a Staff - this is the normal musical notation, or TabStaff (tablature), | ||
+ | |||
+ | Comment ça marche ? | ||
+ | |||
+ | LilyPond utilise des fichiers .ly comme code source. Une fois le code écrit, il est compilé en PDF en utilisant l' | ||
**How can I get started? | **How can I get started? | ||
The website is http:// | The website is http:// | ||
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+ | Comment commencer ? | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le site Web est http:// | ||
**It seems complicated - why can’t I just drag and drop? | **It seems complicated - why can’t I just drag and drop? | ||
If you want to edit visually, you’ll need to look for other software to work with. Instead, I recommend LilyPond for anyone who prefers having total control (and finds a keyboard to be faster and more efficient than a mouse). I also highly recommend this approach to anyone who wants to learn to read musical notation better (as you’ll learn the note names, and therefore the location on the staff), or for anyone who wants to learn the locations of the notes on their instrument (specifically, | If you want to edit visually, you’ll need to look for other software to work with. Instead, I recommend LilyPond for anyone who prefers having total control (and finds a keyboard to be faster and more efficient than a mouse). I also highly recommend this approach to anyone who wants to learn to read musical notation better (as you’ll learn the note names, and therefore the location on the staff), or for anyone who wants to learn the locations of the notes on their instrument (specifically, | ||
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+ | Ça paraît compliqué - pourquoi ne pas faire un glisser-déposer ? | ||
+ | |||
+ | Si vous voulez juste éditer visuellement, | ||
**The Basics | **The Basics | ||
Ligne 28: | Ligne 46: | ||
} | } | ||
• As you can see, you’re simply defining the notes that are to appear (and terminating with a closing bar). In LilyPond is stands for sharp (#), and es is flat (b). Keep in mind that a# is also bb (hence why no flats are present in the example above).** | • As you can see, you’re simply defining the notes that are to appear (and terminating with a closing bar). In LilyPond is stands for sharp (#), and es is flat (b). Keep in mind that a# is also bb (hence why no flats are present in the example above).** | ||
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+ | Les bases | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le modèle du fichier peut être trouvé ici : http:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | Une seule voix, sur une portée musicale normale (sans tablatures) : | ||
+ | • Ajoutez ce qui suit entre \pointAndClickOff et \score | ||
+ | scale= \relative c { | ||
+ | a ais b c cis d dis e f fis g gis | ||
+ | \bar " | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | • Comme vous le voyez, nous définissons simplement les notes qui doivent apparaître (en terminant par une accolade fermante). Dans LilyPond, is veut dire dièse (#) et es, bémol (b). Gardez en tête que La# est équivalent à Sib (c'est pourquoi aucun bémol n'est présent dans l' | ||
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**• Before you can compile it, you’ll need to add a Staff to the score. Inserting a Staff into the score is done by placing the following between the << and >> inside the \score{} | **• Before you can compile it, you’ll need to add a Staff to the score. Inserting a Staff into the score is done by placing the following between the << and >> inside the \score{} | ||
\new Staff = " | \new Staff = " | ||
Ligne 35: | Ligne 66: | ||
>> | >> | ||
• The \new Staff should be self-explanatory. The “guitar” simply assigns a name (in case you have multiple instruments on one page, for example). The \with{} is used for settings, and I leave it in my template so that I can more easily change settings for a Staff. If you prefer to leave it out, you can do so (but leave the <<). The \time is the time signature. Then comes the important step - defining a Voice. I’ve defined it as “guitar”, | • The \new Staff should be self-explanatory. The “guitar” simply assigns a name (in case you have multiple instruments on one page, for example). The \with{} is used for settings, and I leave it in my template so that I can more easily change settings for a Staff. If you prefer to leave it out, you can do so (but leave the <<). The \time is the time signature. Then comes the important step - defining a Voice. I’ve defined it as “guitar”, | ||
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+ | Avant de pouvoir le compiler, vous devez ajouter une portée à la partition. L' | ||
+ | \new Staff = " | ||
+ | } << | ||
+ | \time 4/4 | ||
+ | \context Voice = " | ||
+ | >> | ||
+ | • Le \new Staff devrait se comprendre de lui-même. « guitar » assigne simplement un nom (au cas où vous auriez plusieurs instruments sur une page, par exemple). Le \with{} est utilisé pour les réglages et je le laisse dans mon modèle de sorte que je peux facilement modifier les réglages d'une partition. Si vous préférez l' | ||
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**• Compilation time! Be sure to replace FCM-example.ly with whatever you called your file. | **• Compilation time! Be sure to replace FCM-example.ly with whatever you called your file. | ||
lilypond FCM-example.ly | lilypond FCM-example.ly | ||
Ligne 44: | Ligne 84: | ||
\bar " | \bar " | ||
}** | }** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Et maintenant, la compilation ! Pensez à remplacer FCM-example.ly par le nom de fichier que vous avez choisi. | ||
+ | lilypond FCM-example.ly | ||
+ | • Le résultat de ceci devrait être un fichier PDF, montrant une gamme de notes. Si c'est le cas, continuez. Sinon, vérifiez deux fois chaque étape et les messages d' | ||
+ | • Que se passe-t-il si nous ajoutons une autre octave ? Pour faire cela, vous pouvez utiliser ' et , pour hausser ou baisser l' | ||
+ | scale= \relative c { | ||
+ | a ais b c cis d dis e f fis g gis | ||
+ | a’ ais b c cis d dis e f fis g gis | ||
+ | \bar " | ||
+ | } | ||
**• If you look at this example, you’ll see that I’ve inserted only one apostrophe. This is because it is a toggle, and not a one-time modifier. Meaning if you use two, your second note will be two octaves higher. Also, most people will notice that this actually skipped an octave. This is due to the fact that LilyPond is smart enough to realise that, after an increasing scale like above, that a new a should probably be an octave higher. You can disable this feature, but I find it quite useful. So to get the first 3 octaves, you can do this instead: | **• If you look at this example, you’ll see that I’ve inserted only one apostrophe. This is because it is a toggle, and not a one-time modifier. Meaning if you use two, your second note will be two octaves higher. Also, most people will notice that this actually skipped an octave. This is due to the fact that LilyPond is smart enough to realise that, after an increasing scale like above, that a new a should probably be an octave higher. You can disable this feature, but I find it quite useful. So to get the first 3 octaves, you can do this instead: | ||
Ligne 52: | Ligne 102: | ||
\bar " | \bar " | ||
}** | }** | ||
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+ | Si vous regardez cet exemple, vous verrez que je n'ai inséré qu'une apostrophe. C'est parce que c'est une bascule, et non une modification pour une seule note. Ce qui signifie que si vous en utilisez deux, votre seconde note sera deux octaves plus haute. Ainsi, la plupart des gens remarqueront qu'en fait ceci a fait sauter une octave. C'est dû au fait que LilyPond est assez intelligent pour réaliser que, après une montée de la gamme comme ci-dessus, le nouveau la devrait être plus haut d'une octave. Vous pouvez désactiver cette fonction, mais je la trouve très utile. Ainsi, pour obtenir les 3 premières octaves, vous pouvez faire ceci à la place : | ||
+ | scale= \relative c { | ||
+ | a ais b c cis d dis e f fis g gis | ||
+ | a ais b c cis d dis e f fis g gis | ||
+ | a ais b c cis d dis e f fis g gis | ||
+ | \bar " | ||
+ | } | ||
**• This should result in a single scale, covering three octaves. LilyPond does offer a \repeat unfold option, to avoid having to type the same line multiple times. However, it would not work in this case, as there is an implied difference between each line (their octave). The below will repeat the same scale 3 times, in the same octave. This is useful to keep in mind. | **• This should result in a single scale, covering three octaves. LilyPond does offer a \repeat unfold option, to avoid having to type the same line multiple times. However, it would not work in this case, as there is an implied difference between each line (their octave). The below will repeat the same scale 3 times, in the same octave. This is useful to keep in mind. | ||
Ligne 60: | Ligne 118: | ||
\bar " | \bar " | ||
}** | }** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Une gamme unique couvrant trois octaves devrait en être le résultat. LilyPond offre une option \repeat unfold, pour éviter d' | ||
+ | scale= \relative c { | ||
+ | \repeat unfold 3 { | ||
+ | a ais b c cis d dis e f fis g gis | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | \bar " | ||
+ | } | ||
**• Prettying up the source code is useful, especially when you write whole songs. A bar division is indicated with “|”, and LilyPond will track the number of notes in a bar (to ensure you keep the time signature). It will throw warnings, but still compile, if this is wrong. See below: | **• Prettying up the source code is useful, especially when you write whole songs. A bar division is indicated with “|”, and LilyPond will track the number of notes in a bar (to ensure you keep the time signature). It will throw warnings, but still compile, if this is wrong. See below: | ||
Ligne 70: | Ligne 136: | ||
\bar " | \bar " | ||
}** | }** | ||
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+ | Enjoliver le code source est utile, particulièrement si vous écrivez des chansons entières. Une barre de mesure est indiquée par « | » et LilyPond suivra le nombre de notes dans chaque mesure (pour s' | ||
+ | scale= \relative c { | ||
+ | a ais b c | | ||
+ | cis d dis2 | | ||
+ | e f | | ||
+ | fis | | ||
+ | g gis | ||
+ | \bar " | ||
+ | } | ||
**• This example will result in the warning “barcheck failed at 1/2”. This is because I changed the d# into a half note (2 beats), and this change is automatically carried through to all following notes. By placing the f# in a bar by itself (and therefore being only 2/4), it results in the warning. In the PDF, there is no noticeable issue, but this will cause problems if using multiple voices (or if the song were longer). Instead, we need either a rest, or to adjust the duration of the notes. Correct the bar to read: | **• This example will result in the warning “barcheck failed at 1/2”. This is because I changed the d# into a half note (2 beats), and this change is automatically carried through to all following notes. By placing the f# in a bar by itself (and therefore being only 2/4), it results in the warning. In the PDF, there is no noticeable issue, but this will cause problems if using multiple voices (or if the song were longer). Instead, we need either a rest, or to adjust the duration of the notes. Correct the bar to read: | ||
Ligne 80: | Ligne 156: | ||
>> | >> | ||
• As you can see, it’s a similar approach. We’re even reusing the same variable with the notes. Compiling at this time will yield a typical guitar tablature** | • As you can see, it’s a similar approach. We’re even reusing the same variable with the notes. Compiling at this time will yield a typical guitar tablature** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Cet exemple donnera l' | ||
+ | À la place, nous avons besoin d'un silence ou d' | ||
+ | fis r2 | | ||
+ | • Ceci ajoute un silence de 2 temps dans la mesure, et résout l' | ||
+ | • En dernier, ajoutons un Tabstaff, de façon à créer une vrai tablature. Pour cela, insérez ce qui suit après le premier >> (suivant la parenthèse fermante de \context Voice). | ||
+ | \new TabStaff = " | ||
+ | \time 4/4 | ||
+ | \context TabVoice = " | ||
+ | >> | ||
+ | • Comme vous pouvez le voir, c'est une approche similaire. Nous réutilisons même la même variable pour les notes. Une compilation lancée à cet instant donnera une tablature typique pour guitare. | ||
**There are many other things you can do - chords, multiple voices, arpeggios, repeats, etc. But for a basic example, this will have to do. If you want to see what my file looked like at the end of this tutorial, it can be found here: http:// | **There are many other things you can do - chords, multiple voices, arpeggios, repeats, etc. But for a basic example, this will have to do. If you want to see what my file looked like at the end of this tutorial, it can be found here: http:// | ||
If you have any issues, or questions, feel free to contact me. For some more examples, I highly recommend the snippets and documentation page. Or just simply creating a tab you already know. As always, I can be reached at lswest34+fcm@gmail.com.** | If you have any issues, or questions, feel free to contact me. For some more examples, I highly recommend the snippets and documentation page. Or just simply creating a tab you already know. As always, I can be reached at lswest34+fcm@gmail.com.** | ||
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+ | Il y a beaucoup d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Si vous avez des problèmes, ou des questions, n' |
issue111/c_c.1471590883.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2016/08/19 09:14 de d52fr