issue120:inkscape
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue120:inkscape [2017/05/08 08:36] – d52fr | issue120:inkscape [2017/05/10 17:23] (Version actuelle) – andre_domenech | ||
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• Using the pointing device to control Inkscape, and the monitor to see the result, draw a cake.** | • Using the pointing device to control Inkscape, and the monitor to see the result, draw a cake.** | ||
- | Comme vous avez pu le lire par ailleurs (vous lisez bien tout le magazine, n' | + | Comme vous avez pu le lire par ailleurs (vous lisez bien tout le magazine, n' |
Ingrédients : | Ingrédients : | ||
- | • Un ordinateur, capable de faire tourner Inkscape | + | • Un ordinateur, capable de faire tourner Inkscape. |
- | • Une version récente d' | + | • Une version récente d' |
- | • Un dispositif de pointage, capable de contrôler Inkscape | + | • Un dispositif de pointage, capable de contrôler Inkscape. |
- | • Un écran, pour voir ce que vous faites en préparant le gâteau | + | • Un écran, pour voir ce que vous faites en préparant le gâteau. |
- | • (optionnel) Un talent artistique | + | • (optionnel) Un talent artistique. |
- | Heureusement, | + | Heureusement, |
Méthode : | Méthode : | ||
• Allez dans une boutique et achetez un vrai gâteau. Utilisez-le comme modèle, ou mangez-le simplement avec une tasse de thé ou de café pour garder le moral quand Inkscape plante pour la troisième fois. | • Allez dans une boutique et achetez un vrai gâteau. Utilisez-le comme modèle, ou mangez-le simplement avec une tasse de thé ou de café pour garder le moral quand Inkscape plante pour la troisième fois. | ||
• En utilisant le dispositif de pointage pour le contrôle d' | • En utilisant le dispositif de pointage pour le contrôle d' | ||
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**What? You want something more detailed. Okay then... | **What? You want something more detailed. Okay then... | ||
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Switch back to the selection tool, click on the background to de-select everything, and you should find your shapes give the appearance of a thin disc. You may want to add a gradient fill to give it more depth, but I’m going for a fairly flat effect on my image (that’s non-artist speak for “getting highlights and shadows right is a bit tricky!”). Instead, I used a repeating linear gradient running from white to light gray, to give the impression of a simple silver finish to the platter:** | Switch back to the selection tool, click on the background to de-select everything, and you should find your shapes give the appearance of a thin disc. You may want to add a gradient fill to give it more depth, but I’m going for a fairly flat effect on my image (that’s non-artist speak for “getting highlights and shadows right is a bit tricky!”). Instead, I used a repeating linear gradient running from white to light gray, to give the impression of a simple silver finish to the platter:** | ||
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+ | Comment ? Vous voulez plus de détails ? Bon, alors... | ||
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+ | Nous construirons notre gâteau par couches, en commençant par le bas et en montant. Mais avant que nous ne commencions à réfléchir sur le parfum, vanille ou chocolat, de notre génoise, nous avons besoin d'un plat sur lequel poser le gâteau. Débutez en dessinant une ellipse, puis dupliquez-la (CTRL-D) et déplacez le double un petit peu vers le haut avec les touches fléchées. | ||
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+ | Pour faire penser moins à deux disques l'un sur l' | ||
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+ | Maintenant, double-cliquez sur une des lignes droites pour ajouter un nœud, puis tirez les deux nœuds du haut vers la droite et la gauche, jusqu' | ||
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+ | Reprenez l' | ||
**Building the first layer of the cake is very similar. Start by duplicating the top of your platter then scaling it down (hold CTRL-SHIFT as you drag the resize handles to get it to scale proportionally from the center). Give it a suitable fill and stroke (I’ve decided on vanilla sponge), then duplicate it, move it up with the arrow keys (a bit further this time), and repeat the steps above to form a layer of cake. You might want to bow the sides out a little to give it a better shape, but otherwise it’s just a variation on making the platter. | **Building the first layer of the cake is very similar. Start by duplicating the top of your platter then scaling it down (hold CTRL-SHIFT as you drag the resize handles to get it to scale proportionally from the center). Give it a suitable fill and stroke (I’ve decided on vanilla sponge), then duplicate it, move it up with the arrow keys (a bit further this time), and repeat the steps above to form a layer of cake. You might want to bow the sides out a little to give it a better shape, but otherwise it’s just a variation on making the platter. | ||
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This is where a little psychology kicks in: when presented with the dessert trolley at a fancy restaurant, we tend to be attracted to the perfectly formed, beautifully mirror-glazed, | This is where a little psychology kicks in: when presented with the dessert trolley at a fancy restaurant, we tend to be attracted to the perfectly formed, beautifully mirror-glazed, | ||
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+ | La construction de la première couche du gâteau est très similaire. Commencez par dupliquer le sommet de votre plat puis réduisez-le (appuyez sur CTRL-MAJ pendant que vous tirez les poignées de dimensionnement pour lui donner une échelle proportionnelle à partir du centre). Donnez-lui un remplissage et un contour correct (je me suis décidé pour une génoise à la vanille), puis dupliquez-le, | ||
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+ | Comme le sait tout cuisinier compétent, un gâteau ne vaut que par son fourrage. Nous choisirons la combinaison classique de la confiture (« jelly » pour nos lecteurs américains) et de la crème. Évidemment, | ||
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+ | C'est ici qu'une petite réflexion entre en jeu : s'il était présenté sur un chariot à dessert dans un bon restaurant, nous serions attirés par les présentations parfaitement formées, avec un glaçage magnifique, genre miroir, et à la géométrie précise, plutôt que par ceux où il semblerait que le chef se soit accidentellement assis dessus. Cependant, quand on dessine une image, un disque plat de gelée n'est pas aussi attrayant qu'un gâteau surchargé, dégoulinant de larges coulées de fraise délicieuse sur les bords. Aussi, notre choix va aux coulées baveuses pour notre image. Ce qui signifie plus de nœuds à modifier. | ||
**Convert your jam ellipse to a path, but this time we’ll be working with the bottom half of the shape, not the top. Select the bottom three nodes, leaving the top one alone, but don’t convert them to corner nodes this time: rather, press the INSERT key a few times to create more smooth nodes between the existing ones. Click the background canvas to de-select them all, then start dragging individual nodes downwards, working from the center out, to give the appearance of the jam flowing down the side of the cake. Move some of the nodes to the left or right, and add or delete some to give it a more random appearance – dragging the paths rather than the nodes can also help. Try to stick to smooth nodes – there are no sharp corners in our jam! Watch out when removing nodes, as the adjacent ones may be converted to corners automatically. With a bit of manipulation you should get something similar to this: | **Convert your jam ellipse to a path, but this time we’ll be working with the bottom half of the shape, not the top. Select the bottom three nodes, leaving the top one alone, but don’t convert them to corner nodes this time: rather, press the INSERT key a few times to create more smooth nodes between the existing ones. Click the background canvas to de-select them all, then start dragging individual nodes downwards, working from the center out, to give the appearance of the jam flowing down the side of the cake. Move some of the nodes to the left or right, and add or delete some to give it a more random appearance – dragging the paths rather than the nodes can also help. Try to stick to smooth nodes – there are no sharp corners in our jam! Watch out when removing nodes, as the adjacent ones may be converted to corners automatically. With a bit of manipulation you should get something similar to this: | ||
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A drip running all the way down to the platter will need a couple more nodes to handle the transition from vertical to horizontal, but otherwise it’s the same idea. With those additions, here’s the cake so far – it’s starting to look good enough to eat!** | A drip running all the way down to the platter will need a couple more nodes to handle the transition from vertical to horizontal, but otherwise it’s the same idea. With those additions, here’s the cake so far – it’s starting to look good enough to eat!** | ||
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+ | Convertissez votre ellipse de confiture en chemin, mais, cette fois-ci, nous travaillerons avec la moitié basse de la forme, pas avec le haut. Sélectionnez les trois nœuds du bas, en délaissant celui du haut, mais, cette fois, ne les convertissez pas en nœuds durs : appuyez plutôt plusieurs fois sur la touche INSÉRER pour créer d' | ||
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+ | Pour obtenir vraiment un effet coulant, vous voudrez ajouter quelques gouttes glissant le long du bord. La forme de base d'une goutte est créée en ajoutant une paire de nœuds pour vous permettre de serrer le « cou », avec un intermédiaire que vous pouvez tirer vers le bas pour former la base de votre goutte. Transformez celui du centre en un nœud symétrique pour vous éviter un peu de travail d' | ||
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+ | Une goutte descendant jusqu' | ||
**Despite my earlier avoidance of highlights and shadows, there’s no denying that the best jam has a glistening surface that makes ours look somewhat lifeless. An obvious candidate for adding specular lighting would be to use the filter primitive of the same name – but that’s probably overkill for the result we’re looking for, and would likely take a lot of trial-and-error to even come close. For the comic-style image we’re creating, hard-edged highlights are frequently a better choice, and can often be made using copies of the very shape you’re trying to highlight. | **Despite my earlier avoidance of highlights and shadows, there’s no denying that the best jam has a glistening surface that makes ours look somewhat lifeless. An obvious candidate for adding specular lighting would be to use the filter primitive of the same name – but that’s probably overkill for the result we’re looking for, and would likely take a lot of trial-and-error to even come close. For the comic-style image we’re creating, hard-edged highlights are frequently a better choice, and can often be made using copies of the very shape you’re trying to highlight. | ||
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Drag a selection box around both duplicates (that’s why we moved them away from the main part of the cake), and ensure that the status bar shows two paths are selected. Now use the Path > Difference menu entry to remove the top shape, leaving only those thin edges. Use SHIFT-DOWN ARROW to move the resultant path back into place, then set its fill to white. Holding the ALT key, you can now use the arrow keys to precisely position the highlights until most are in the right place. Now use Path > Break Apart to separate each highlight into its own object, making it easier to fine tune them, by moving, editing or even deleting those that don’t look quite right.** | Drag a selection box around both duplicates (that’s why we moved them away from the main part of the cake), and ensure that the status bar shows two paths are selected. Now use the Path > Difference menu entry to remove the top shape, leaving only those thin edges. Use SHIFT-DOWN ARROW to move the resultant path back into place, then set its fill to white. Holding the ALT key, you can now use the arrow keys to precisely position the highlights until most are in the right place. Now use Path > Break Apart to separate each highlight into its own object, making it easier to fine tune them, by moving, editing or even deleting those that don’t look quite right.** | ||
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+ | Malgré ma réticence précédente à utiliser les reflets et les ombres, il est indéniable que la meilleure confiture a une surface luisante et la nôtre semble un peu terne. Un candidat évident pour ajouter un éclairage spéculaire serait d' | ||
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+ | Commencez par dupliquer le chemin de confiture et remonter le doublon, hors du gâteau, en utilisant MAJ-Flèche-vers-le-haut. L' | ||
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+ | Tirez un rectangle de sélection autour des deux doubles (c'est pour ça que nous les avons déplacés en dehors de la partie principale du gâteau), et assurez-vous que la barre d' | ||
**Repeat the jam layer, but with a pale yellow fill color to represent cream. Highlights don’t work so well on something so pale, so, instead, create some lowlights – shifting your duplicate in the opposite direction, and using a slightly darker fill color to add a subtle shadow to each glob of cream. You can also give it a little more depth by simply putting a dark duplicate below the cream path and shifting it so that it peeks out ever so slightly. | **Repeat the jam layer, but with a pale yellow fill color to represent cream. Highlights don’t work so well on something so pale, so, instead, create some lowlights – shifting your duplicate in the opposite direction, and using a slightly darker fill color to add a subtle shadow to each glob of cream. You can also give it a little more depth by simply putting a dark duplicate below the cream path and shifting it so that it peeks out ever so slightly. | ||
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Repeat the steps above to create more layers of cake, jam and cream. On your topmost layer, add a little shadow to the front edge by using Path > Difference between two ellipses to create a thin crescent of color which helps to define the shape.** | Repeat the steps above to create more layers of cake, jam and cream. On your topmost layer, add a little shadow to the front edge by using Path > Difference between two ellipses to create a thin crescent of color which helps to define the shape.** | ||
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+ | Répétez la couche de confiture, mais avec une couleur de remplissage jaune pale pour représenter la crème. Les reflets ne marchent pas très bien sur quelque chose de si pâle ; aussi, à la place, créer des ombres, en décalant votre double dans la direction opposée | ||
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+ | Bon. La première couche de votre gâteau est presque terminée, mais il y a une astuce finale qui fera que la génoise paraîtra plus moelleuse. Dupliquez l' | ||
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+ | Répétez les étapes précédentes pour créer plus de couches de gâteau, confiture et crème. Sur la plus haute couche ajoutez une légère ombre au bord de devant en utilisant Chemin > Différence entre deux ellipses pour créer un fin croissant de couleur qui aide à définir la forme. | ||
**As this is a celebratory cake, it should probably have a little more decoration. How about some sprinkles? There are a few ways to approach this, but I opted to use tiled clones (see parts 33 to 36 of this series). My parent object was just a short straight line which I cloned into 10 rows by 20 columns. Each row and column position was randomised, as was the rotation of each clone. Once I achieved the sort of distribution I was looking for, I unset the stroke on the original object so that I could use the Color tab of the Tiled Clones dialog to set a random hue to each sprinkle, giving me this result: | **As this is a celebratory cake, it should probably have a little more decoration. How about some sprinkles? There are a few ways to approach this, but I opted to use tiled clones (see parts 33 to 36 of this series). My parent object was just a short straight line which I cloned into 10 rows by 20 columns. Each row and column position was randomised, as was the rotation of each clone. Once I achieved the sort of distribution I was looking for, I unset the stroke on the original object so that I could use the Color tab of the Tiled Clones dialog to set a random hue to each sprinkle, giving me this result: | ||
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As this is specifically a birthday celebration, | As this is specifically a birthday celebration, | ||
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+ | Comme c'est un gâteau de fête, il devrait probablement avoir un peu plus de décorations. Que diriez-vous de quelques nonpareils ? Il y a plusieurs façons de le faire, mais j'ai opté pour l' | ||
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+ | Le regroupement des clones, puis une mise à l' | ||
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+ | Comme c'est spécifiquement un gâteau d' | ||
**After placing the candles onto the cake, there was one final step to really make the image stand out: in classic comic-strip style, I wanted to give it a thick black outline. To do this, I selected the whole image and duplicated it, then moved the duplicate well away from the original. I deleted the sprinkles, highlights and lowlights, since they wouldn’t have an effect on the silhouette. Then I repeatedly used Edit > Clone > Unlink Clone and Object > Ungroup – until the status bar showed that there were no more clones or groups in the selection. Finally, Path > Union joined all those separate objects into a single shape, which I could fill with black as a silhouette. I moved it back over the original image, gave it a thick black stroke, then sent it to the back of the z-stack. | **After placing the candles onto the cake, there was one final step to really make the image stand out: in classic comic-strip style, I wanted to give it a thick black outline. To do this, I selected the whole image and duplicated it, then moved the duplicate well away from the original. I deleted the sprinkles, highlights and lowlights, since they wouldn’t have an effect on the silhouette. Then I repeatedly used Edit > Clone > Unlink Clone and Object > Ungroup – until the status bar showed that there were no more clones or groups in the selection. Finally, Path > Union joined all those separate objects into a single shape, which I could fill with black as a silhouette. I moved it back over the original image, gave it a thick black stroke, then sent it to the back of the z-stack. | ||
So here’s the result of all that work: Happy 10th birthday Full Circle Magazine!** | So here’s the result of all that work: Happy 10th birthday Full Circle Magazine!** | ||
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+ | Après avoir placé les bougies sur le gâteau, il y avait une étape finale pour faire vraiment ressortir l' | ||
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+ | Voici donc le résultat de tout ce travail : joyeux 10e anniversaire, |
issue120/inkscape.1494225404.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2017/05/08 08:36 de d52fr