issue122:freecad
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue122:freecad [2017/07/11 21:06] – d52fr | issue122:freecad [2017/07/15 17:54] (Version actuelle) – auntiee | ||
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In this part, we will use further tools to create a more complex 3D object, representing a Y-junction between two pipes of different diameters. This project is actually quite involved from the standpoint of technical drawing, since at one point we will be representing the intersection between two curved surfaces - which always makes for interesting shapes as any pipe welder can testify to.** | In this part, we will use further tools to create a more complex 3D object, representing a Y-junction between two pipes of different diameters. This project is actually quite involved from the standpoint of technical drawing, since at one point we will be representing the intersection between two curved surfaces - which always makes for interesting shapes as any pipe welder can testify to.** | ||
- | Dans cette série, nous examinerons le monde de FreeCAD, une application Open Source de modélisation par CAO qui est encore en bêta, mais qui a reçu un bon accueil ces dernières années. Naturellement, | + | Dans cette série, nous examinerons le monde de FreeCAD, une application Open Source de modélisation par CAO qui est encore en bêta, mais qui a reçu un bon accueil ces dernières années. Naturellement, |
- | Dans cet article, nous allons utiliser d' | + | Dans cet article, nous allons utiliser d' |
**Rolling a pipe | **Rolling a pipe | ||
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Tourner un tuyau | Tourner un tuyau | ||
- | Commençons avec la section de tuyau à à paroi mince présenté ici. Toutes les dimensions sont en millimètres. | + | Commençons avec la section de tuyau à paroi mince présenté ici. Toutes les dimensions sont en millimètres. |
- | Ce qui est particulièrement intéressant avec cette pièce, c'est son axe de rotation qui est indiqué par un trait gris pointillé : si nous prenons le bord extérieur de notre objet et que nous le faisons tourner autour de son axe, nous créerons la surface extérieure de notre objet solide en 3D. De même, le bord intérieur de la paroi (en lignes pointillées) peut aussi tourner autour du même axe, nous donnant la surface intérieure de notre objet 3D. En substance, nous utiliserons un outil similaire à celui de l' | + | Ce qui est particulièrement intéressant avec cette pièce, c'est son axe de rotation qui est indiqué par un trait gris pointillé : si nous prenons le bord extérieur de notre objet et que nous le faisons tourner autour de cet axe, nous créerons la surface extérieure de notre objet solide en 3D. De même, le bord intérieur de la paroi (en lignes pointillées) peut aussi tourner autour du même axe, nous donnant la surface intérieure de notre objet 3D. En substance, nous utiliserons un outil similaire à celui de l' |
**To design this part, I could have begun within the Draft workbench of FreeCAD, and drawn each line section needed to complete a section of the tube wall. However, I actually started out with LibreCAD. As discussed previously, the LibreCAD application is best suited to drawing objects in two dimensions, which is why FreeCAD had been preferred as a base tool for this series. However, LibreCAD does have an option to export drawings in the widely-used DXF (AutoCAD) file format, which can then be imported into FreeCAD and used as a basis to work with. Since the lines are already correctly positioned, it may be advantageous to use this scheme to set up our FreeCAD object. | **To design this part, I could have begun within the Draft workbench of FreeCAD, and drawn each line section needed to complete a section of the tube wall. However, I actually started out with LibreCAD. As discussed previously, the LibreCAD application is best suited to drawing objects in two dimensions, which is why FreeCAD had been preferred as a base tool for this series. However, LibreCAD does have an option to export drawings in the widely-used DXF (AutoCAD) file format, which can then be imported into FreeCAD and used as a basis to work with. Since the lines are already correctly positioned, it may be advantageous to use this scheme to set up our FreeCAD object. | ||
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Now, we have several more elements than are needed for the tube wall. The axis needs to be removed, as well as the (previously dotted) lines denoting rotated edges. The lower copy of the wall section will also be erased, leaving just the higher copy, ready to be rotated. In the Draft workbench, examine the Combo view on your left, and you will see each individual line from the DXF file, that can then be erased, moved, or modified, as needed.** | Now, we have several more elements than are needed for the tube wall. The axis needs to be removed, as well as the (previously dotted) lines denoting rotated edges. The lower copy of the wall section will also be erased, leaving just the higher copy, ready to be rotated. In the Draft workbench, examine the Combo view on your left, and you will see each individual line from the DXF file, that can then be erased, moved, or modified, as needed.** | ||
- | Pour concevoir cette pièce, nous pourrions commencer avec l' | + | Pour concevoir cette pièce, nous pourrions commencer avec l' |
Dans FreeCAD, commencez par démarrer un nouveau projet. Maintenant, choisissez l' | Dans FreeCAD, commencez par démarrer un nouveau projet. Maintenant, choisissez l' | ||
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Be sure to select the X axis to rotate around, since the tube object is symmetrical about this horizontal axis. Also, activate the “Solid object” checkbox. This will allow us to use this part as a complete object further on, and to make holes in it to allow branching with the lateral piece of pipe.** | Be sure to select the X axis to rotate around, since the tube object is symmetrical about this horizontal axis. Also, activate the “Solid object” checkbox. This will allow us to use this part as a complete object further on, and to make holes in it to allow branching with the lateral piece of pipe.** | ||
- | Quand nous serons satisfaits, comme précédemment, | + | Quand nous serons satisfaits, comme précédemment, |
- | Pour créer le vrai tube, déplacez-vous dans l' | + | Pour créer le vrai tube 3D, déplacez-vous dans l' |
Assurez-vous de sélectionner l'axe X pour tourner autour, car l' | Assurez-vous de sélectionner l'axe X pour tourner autour, car l' | ||
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There are several ways of creating this new piece of pipe. We could proceed as before, drawing the outline with Line segments and then rotate the piece to create a 3D revolution solid. This can be created aligned with one of the standard axes, for example the Y axis, and then moved into position as required. However, since the shape of the new piece of pipe is rather straightforward, | There are several ways of creating this new piece of pipe. We could proceed as before, drawing the outline with Line segments and then rotate the piece to create a 3D revolution solid. This can be created aligned with one of the standard axes, for example the Y axis, and then moved into position as required. However, since the shape of the new piece of pipe is rather straightforward, | ||
- | Ajout d'un morceau | + | Ajouter |
- | Nous allons maintenant ajouter une petite pièce de tube, d'un diamètre intérieur de 20 mm et 26 mm à l' | + | Nous allons maintenant ajouter une petite pièce de tube, d'un diamètre intérieur de 20 mm, et de 26 mm à l' |
- | Il y a plusieurs façons de créer la nouvelle pièce | + | Il y a plusieurs façons de créer la nouvelle pièce. Nous pouvons faire comme précédemment, |
**Let us begin by hiding the existing tube. This is done by going to the Combo view on the left, selecting the Revolve object, and hitting the space key on the keyboard. It will not remove the tube from our project, but simply make it invisible - thus making the construction of the smaller tube easier to visualize. | **Let us begin by hiding the existing tube. This is done by going to the Combo view on the left, selecting the Revolve object, and hitting the space key on the keyboard. It will not remove the tube from our project, but simply make it invisible - thus making the construction of the smaller tube easier to visualize. | ||
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Now, using the Combo view on the left, choose the first Cylinder and go to the bottom tab marked “Data”. Here, change the radius to 13 mm and the height to 100 mm. This will be the solid material for our new tube.** | Now, using the Combo view on the left, choose the first Cylinder and go to the bottom tab marked “Data”. Here, change the radius to 13 mm and the height to 100 mm. This will be the solid material for our new tube.** | ||
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+ | Commençons par cacher le tube existant. Ceci est fait en allant dans la vue combinée à gauche, en sélectionnant l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Maintenant, en utilisant le barre d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Puis, en utilisant la vue combinée à gauche, choisissons le premier cylindre et allons dans la partie basse marquée « Données ». Ici, changez le rayon pour 13 mm et la hauteur pour 100 mm. Ce sera la partie solide de notre nouveau tube. | ||
**Choose the second Cylinder, and do the same, giving it radius 10 mm and height 104 mm. This is the shape we will cut out from the first cylinder, making it hollow. However, as in the part created in the last article of this series, both cylinders end at the same Z-coordinate. This means FreeCAD can have difficulties calculating exactly where the cutout is to end. To make things more clear, let us move the second cylinder downwards by 2 mm, making it protrude slightly from each end of the first cylinder. This is done by editing Placement > Position > z in the same tab, and giving it negative value -2 mm. | **Choose the second Cylinder, and do the same, giving it radius 10 mm and height 104 mm. This is the shape we will cut out from the first cylinder, making it hollow. However, as in the part created in the last article of this series, both cylinders end at the same Z-coordinate. This means FreeCAD can have difficulties calculating exactly where the cutout is to end. To make things more clear, let us move the second cylinder downwards by 2 mm, making it protrude slightly from each end of the first cylinder. This is done by editing Placement > Position > z in the same tab, and giving it negative value -2 mm. | ||
+ | |||
We will now use the second cylinder to cut a hole in the first. In the Combo view, choose in sequence the first cylinder, then the second, holding down the Ctrl-key when choosing the second object. Then, choose menu option Part > Boolean > Cut, and the two cylinders should be combined into a single hollow tube using Constructive Solid Geometry. | We will now use the second cylinder to cut a hole in the first. In the Combo view, choose in sequence the first cylinder, then the second, holding down the Ctrl-key when choosing the second object. Then, choose menu option Part > Boolean > Cut, and the two cylinders should be combined into a single hollow tube using Constructive Solid Geometry. | ||
We are ready to assemble the two parts of our project. Go back to the Combo view, choose the Revolution object - the main tube - and press the space key. Both objects should become visible at once, with a bit of zooming. However, the new Cut object is still vertical and needs to be tilted to 45 degrees, while the larger Revolution object has been placed at some distance from the coordinate system’s origin for some reason, perhaps related to the use of a DXF file to import its basic shape.** | We are ready to assemble the two parts of our project. Go back to the Combo view, choose the Revolution object - the main tube - and press the space key. Both objects should become visible at once, with a bit of zooming. However, the new Cut object is still vertical and needs to be tilted to 45 degrees, while the larger Revolution object has been placed at some distance from the coordinate system’s origin for some reason, perhaps related to the use of a DXF file to import its basic shape.** | ||
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+ | Choisissez le second cylindre et faites de même, en lui attribuant un rayon de 10 mm et une hauteur de 104 mm. Ce sera la forme que nous découperons dans le premier cylindre, pour le rendre creux. Cependant, comme pour la pièce créée dans l' | ||
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+ | Nous utiliserons maintenant le second cylindre pour percer le premier. Dans la vue combinée, choisissez séquentiellement, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Nous somme prêts à assembler les deux pièces. De retour dans la vue combinée, choisissez l' | ||
**To tilt the Cut object, go to the Combo view, select this object, choose the Data tab as before, and unscroll Placement. We need to change the Axis values to [0.00, 1.00, 0.00] since we will be rotating around the Y axis, and then change Angle to -45 degrees to tilt the Cut object backwards to our left. | **To tilt the Cut object, go to the Combo view, select this object, choose the Data tab as before, and unscroll Placement. We need to change the Axis values to [0.00, 1.00, 0.00] since we will be rotating around the Y axis, and then change Angle to -45 degrees to tilt the Cut object backwards to our left. | ||
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The easiest solution for the first bit is simply to undo our boolean cut operation by simply clicking on the Cut object in Combo view, and deleting it. We should now have three objects in our project: the Revolve object representing the large tube, Cylinder as the outer shape of the small pipe, and Cylinder001 the inner shape of the cutout. The two Cylinder objects will need to be rotated once more to -45 degrees along the Y axis, since the rotation we had applied previously concerned the combined Cut object which we have since erased.** | The easiest solution for the first bit is simply to undo our boolean cut operation by simply clicking on the Cut object in Combo view, and deleting it. We should now have three objects in our project: the Revolve object representing the large tube, Cylinder as the outer shape of the small pipe, and Cylinder001 the inner shape of the cutout. The two Cylinder objects will need to be rotated once more to -45 degrees along the Y axis, since the rotation we had applied previously concerned the combined Cut object which we have since erased.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour incliner l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Maintenant, sélectionnez l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Cependant, nous avons encore deux problèmes. Le petit tuyau traverse la paroi du tube principal, mais il ne perce pas encore de trou dans celle-ci. D' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour le premier point, la façon la plus facile est de simplement annuler l' | ||
**Now, add a third Cylinder object - labelled Cylinder002 - to represent the interior of the large tube. It should have radius 20 mm, height 124 mm, be rotated on Axis [0.00, 1.00, 0.00] (the Y axis) by +90 degrees, and then placed to the left by 92 mm by changing Position > x value to -92 . | **Now, add a third Cylinder object - labelled Cylinder002 - to represent the interior of the large tube. It should have radius 20 mm, height 124 mm, be rotated on Axis [0.00, 1.00, 0.00] (the Y axis) by +90 degrees, and then placed to the left by 92 mm by changing Position > x value to -92 . | ||
Finally, we can join the two external objects, Revolve and Cylinder, in a single Fusion object: choose Revolve, then Cylinder with the Ctrl-key pressed, and finally menu option Part > Boolean > Union. This should create a new object called “Fusion”. Now, do the same with Cylinder001 and Cylinder002, | Finally, we can join the two external objects, Revolve and Cylinder, in a single Fusion object: choose Revolve, then Cylinder with the Ctrl-key pressed, and finally menu option Part > Boolean > Union. This should create a new object called “Fusion”. Now, do the same with Cylinder001 and Cylinder002, | ||
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+ | Maintenant, ajoutez un troisième objet Cylindre, appelé Cylindre002, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Enfin, nous pouvons joindre les deux objets externes, Revolve et Cylindre, dans un objet Fusion unique : choisissez Revolve, puis, en appuyant sur la touche Ctrl, Cylindre, et finissez avec l' | ||
**This technique of combining all the bits of our project that add material into a single Fusion object, and all cutouts into another before making the final Cut, can come in useful when designing parts with complex CSG geometries. The general workflow is similar to that used in Sketchup, which should mean making the transition from one program to the other is rather painless. | **This technique of combining all the bits of our project that add material into a single Fusion object, and all cutouts into another before making the final Cut, can come in useful when designing parts with complex CSG geometries. The general workflow is similar to that used in Sketchup, which should mean making the transition from one program to the other is rather painless. | ||
Once completed, our object can be cut open as needed to examine the interior geometry and the section of each piece, for instance to make sure there is enough material to support any structural or pressure stresses that the finished part may encounter. This cutting open is left as an exercise to the reader. Hint: try Part > Boolean > Intersection with another object.** | Once completed, our object can be cut open as needed to examine the interior geometry and the section of each piece, for instance to make sure there is enough material to support any structural or pressure stresses that the finished part may encounter. This cutting open is left as an exercise to the reader. Hint: try Part > Boolean > Intersection with another object.** | ||
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+ | Cette technique de combinaison de tous les bouts de notre projet qui ajoutent du matériau en un objet Fusion unique, et de tous les évidements dans un autre avant de faire le découpage final, peut s' | ||
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+ | Une fois terminé, notre objet peut être découpé au besoin pour examiner la géométrie intérieure et la section de chaque pièce, par exemple pour s' | ||
**What next? | **What next? | ||
In this article on using FreeCAD, we used several techniques to create a complex 3D object, representing a Y-junction between two pipes of different diameters. The Revolution tool was used to create the form of a tube in 3D, from a plane section of the tube wall. The Cylinder primitive was used to create the form of the small pipe attached to the main tube, and then to create cutouts to empty out both forms. In the next part of the series, we will investigate the use of sketches to implement constraints on segment placing.** | In this article on using FreeCAD, we used several techniques to create a complex 3D object, representing a Y-junction between two pipes of different diameters. The Revolution tool was used to create the form of a tube in 3D, from a plane section of the tube wall. The Cylinder primitive was used to create the form of the small pipe attached to the main tube, and then to create cutouts to empty out both forms. In the next part of the series, we will investigate the use of sketches to implement constraints on segment placing.** | ||
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+ | Et ensuite ? | ||
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+ | Dans cet article sur l' | ||
issue122/freecad.1499799963.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2017/07/11 21:06 de d52fr