issue126:q._et_r
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Prochaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue126:q._et_r [2017/10/29 18:27] – créée auntiee | issue126:q._et_r [2017/11/03 08:25] (Version actuelle) – d52fr | ||
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- | Q How can I identify duplicate files? | + | **Q How can I identify duplicate files? |
A (Thanks to ajgreeny in the Ubuntu Forums) Try fdupes. After installing it, view the man pages. | A (Thanks to ajgreeny in the Ubuntu Forums) Try fdupes. After installing it, view the man pages. | ||
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Q I plan to build a high-performance PC. Here are the specs.... (Including only a rotating drive for storage.) | Q I plan to build a high-performance PC. Here are the specs.... (Including only a rotating drive for storage.) | ||
- | A Add a small SSD for the OS, programs, and config files! There are a few easy ways to have media files on the rotating drive. | + | A Add a small SSD for the OS, programs, and config files! There are a few easy ways to have media files on the rotating drive.** |
+ | Q Comment identifier les fichiers en double ? | ||
- | Q Occasionally I need to send a fax. All I've been able to find have been " | + | R (Remerciements à ajgreeny sur les forums Ubuntu.) Essayez fdupes. Après l' |
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+ | Q J' | ||
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+ | R Ajoutez un petit SSD pour le système d' | ||
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+ | **Q Occasionally I need to send a fax. All I've been able to find have been " | ||
A These days, some winmodems should work just fine in Linux. Might tax your Google skills.... | A These days, some winmodems should work just fine in Linux. Might tax your Google skills.... | ||
There are also websites which will send a fax, so you don't need fax hardware at all. | There are also websites which will send a fax, so you don't need fax hardware at all. | ||
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However, if you have an older 32-bit install, you will be able to upgrade it to 17.10, and to 18.04 when it becomes available. | However, if you have an older 32-bit install, you will be able to upgrade it to 17.10, and to 18.04 when it becomes available. | ||
- | Also, the other flavors (Lubuntu, Xubuntu, Ubuntu Mate, Kubuntu) are not affected by this decision. For each of them, the team behind the distro will make its own decision. Most people with 32-bit computers are already using Lubuntu, Xubuntu or Ubuntu Mate. | + | Also, the other flavors (Lubuntu, Xubuntu, Ubuntu Mate, Kubuntu) are not affected by this decision. For each of them, the team behind the distro will make its own decision. Most people with 32-bit computers are already using Lubuntu, Xubuntu or Ubuntu Mate.** |
+ | Q De temps en temps, j'ai besoin d' | ||
+ | R De nos jours, certains winmodems devraient fonctionner sans problème sous Linux. Ça peut éventuellement éprouver vos compétences avec Google... | ||
- | Top questions at Askubuntu | + | Des sites Web qui enverront des fax existent aussi ; ainsi, vous n'avez pas besoin d'un matériel fax du tout. |
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+ | |||
+ | Q Y aura-t-il une 17.10 à 32 bits ? | ||
+ | |||
+ | R Il n'y aura pas d'ISO d' | ||
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+ | Cela dit, si vous avez une installation 32-bit moins récente, vous pourrez la mettre à niveau vers la 17.10 et vers la 18.04 quand elle sera disponible. | ||
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+ | En outre, les autres saveurs (Lubuntu, Xubuntu, Ubuntu Mate, Kubuntu) ne sont pas affectées par la décision. L' | ||
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+ | **Top questions at Askubuntu | ||
* Does sudo su create a child terminal? | * Does sudo su create a child terminal? | ||
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* Pacman' | * Pacman' | ||
+ | https:// | ||
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+ | Questions les plus populaires sur Askubuntu | ||
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+ | * sudo su crée-t-il un terminal enfant ? | ||
+ | https:// | ||
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+ | * Si je veux une partition swap de 8 Go, devrais-je sélectionner 8000 Mo ou 8192 Mo comme taille ? | ||
+ | https:// | ||
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+ | * Comment utiliser « cat » pour voir le début d'un très long fichier ? | ||
+ | https:// | ||
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+ | * L' | ||
https:// | https:// | ||
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+ | ** | ||
* What's the difference between the different rename commands? | * What's the difference between the different rename commands? | ||
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* Get UUID of / filesystem from script | * Get UUID of / filesystem from script | ||
- | https:// | + | https:// |
+ | * Quelle est la différence entre les différentes commandes rename (renommer) ? | ||
+ | https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Comment quitter le résultat de la commande systemctl status ? | ||
+ | https:// | ||
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+ | * Pourquoi existe-t-il un /bin/echo et pourquoi voudrais-je éventuellement m'en servir ? | ||
+ | https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Je n' | ||
+ | https:// | ||
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+ | * Récupérer l'UUID du système de fichiers / à partir d'un script | ||
+ | https:// | ||
- | Tips and Techniques | + | **Tips and Techniques |
Rsync at last | Rsync at last | ||
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Reading ahead, it looks like my eventual setup will benefit from using SSH with keys rather than a password, and that in turn will be easier if the server has a static IP address. Fortunately, | Reading ahead, it looks like my eventual setup will benefit from using SSH with keys rather than a password, and that in turn will be easier if the server has a static IP address. Fortunately, | ||
- | If I had needed to set up a static IP address, I would have set up a DHCP rule on my router, "if this MAC address appears, give it the IP address 192.168.1.9." | + | If I had needed to set up a static IP address, I would have set up a DHCP rule on my router, "if this MAC address appears, give it the IP address 192.168.1.9." |
- | I found a tutorial on setting up SSH with keys at digitalocean.com. I was astonished to learn that all it took was two commands, then I had ssh access to the server -- without ever touching the server' | + | Trucs et astuces |
+ | |||
+ | Enfin Rsync | ||
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+ | Comme promis, voici comment j'ai configuré rsync pour sauvegarder mon système. Mon approche est basée sur le tutoriel à howtogeek.com. | ||
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+ | Un petit serveur de fichiers fait partie de mon réseau ; il y a beaucoup d' | ||
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+ | En anticipant un peu, je pense que, pour ma configuration finale, il sera mieux d' | ||
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+ | Si j' | ||
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+ | **I found a tutorial on setting up SSH with keys at digitalocean.com. I was astonished to learn that all it took was two commands, then I had ssh access to the server -- without ever touching the server' | ||
The two commands: | The two commands: | ||
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Back to howtogeek. My first deviation from howtogeek is use of rync's --delete switch. If I accidentally delete a file, I want to preserve the backup copy, so no --delete for me. I had previously created a folder called Public, so the backup command became: | Back to howtogeek. My first deviation from howtogeek is use of rync's --delete switch. If I accidentally delete a file, I want to preserve the backup copy, so no --delete for me. I had previously created a folder called Public, so the backup command became: | ||
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+ | rsync -av -e ssh /home/gord gord@192.168.1.9: | ||
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+ | J'ai trouvé un tutoriel pour le paramétrage de SSH avec des clés sur digitalocean.com. Quelle surprise quand j'ai appris qu'il ne fallait que deux commandes pour avoir un accès au serveur par ssh -- sans jamais toucher au clavier du serveur. | ||
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+ | Les deux commandes : | ||
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+ | ssh-keygen -t rsa | ||
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+ | ssh-copy-id gord@192.168.1.9 | ||
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+ | J'ai dû répondre à quelques questions et, la plupart du temps, j'ai accepté les défauts ou dit « oui ». | ||
+ | |||
+ | Retour à howtogeek. La première fois que je me suis écarté de howtogeek concerne l' | ||
rsync -av -e ssh /home/gord gord@192.168.1.9: | rsync -av -e ssh /home/gord gord@192.168.1.9: | ||
- | The final step was to automate the backups. I had never set up a cron job before; howtogeek spelled it out. The line I put in crontab is: | + | **The final step was to automate the backups. I had never set up a cron job before; howtogeek spelled it out. The line I put in crontab is: |
30 3 * * * rsync -av -e ssh /home/gord gord@192.168.1.9: | 30 3 * * * rsync -av -e ssh /home/gord gord@192.168.1.9: | ||
- | Rsync automatically does incremental backups. Perhaps once a month, I would prefer to do a full backup. My plan is to set up a Public2 folder, and switch to it in the crontab. Once I have a full backup in Public2, I can clean out Public, and switch back to it next month. There may be a more elegant way to do it using an rsync parameter, but I know this will work. | + | Rsync automatically does incremental backups. Perhaps once a month, I would prefer to do a full backup. My plan is to set up a Public2 folder, and switch to it in the crontab. Once I have a full backup in Public2, I can clean out Public, and switch back to it next month. There may be a more elegant way to do it using an rsync parameter, but I know this will work.** |
- | You may notice that I directed the output from rsync to a text file. My first full backup took 44 minutes to back up 3.3 GB of data. (My file server uses a slow Wi-Fi connection.) It turns out that I don't need backup for most of it, files in the browser caches and the like. So how do you exclude folders? Thegeekstuff had a tutorial. For the greatest flexibility, | + | La dernière étape était l' |
+ | |||
+ | 30 3 * * * rsync -av -e ssh /home/gord gord@192.168.1.9: | ||
+ | |||
+ | Rsync fait des sauvegardes incrémentielles automatiquement. À peu près une fois par mois, je préférerais faire une sauvegarde complète. Mon plan est de créer un dossier Public2 et changer pour lui dans crontab. Dès qu'il y aura une sauvegarde complète dans Public2, je pourrai nettoyer Public et y revenir le mois suivant. Il existe sans doute une façon plus élégante de le faire, en se servant d'un paramètre rsync, mais je sais que ce que j' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **You may notice that I directed the output from rsync to a text file. My first full backup took 44 minutes to back up 3.3 GB of data. (My file server uses a slow Wi-Fi connection.) It turns out that I don't need backup for most of it, files in the browser caches and the like. So how do you exclude folders? Thegeekstuff had a tutorial. For the greatest flexibility, | ||
--exclude-from ' | --exclude-from ' | ||
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excludes that folder and all folders below it. | excludes that folder and all folders below it. | ||
- | In summary, this job took a lot less effort than I had expected -- and a lot fewer commands. I not only learned about rsync, but also ssh and cron. Not bad for a couple of hours of work! | + | In summary, this job took a lot less effort than I had expected -- and a lot fewer commands. I not only learned about rsync, but also ssh and cron. Not bad for a couple of hours of work!** |
+ | |||
+ | Vous remarquerez peut-être que j'ai dirigé la sortie de rsync vers un fichier texte. Lors de ma première sauvegarde complète, il a fallu 44 minutes pour sauvegarder 3,3 Go de données. (Mon serveur de fichiers utilise une connexion WiFi lente.) Il s' | ||
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+ | --exclude-from ' | ||
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+ | où exlist.txt est un fichier énumérant les dossiers (ou les fichiers) à exclure. Par exemple, la ligne : | ||
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+ | .cache | ||
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+ | exclut ce dossier-là et tous les dossiers en dessous. | ||
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+ | En résumé, ce travail nécessitait beaucoup moins d' | ||
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issue126/q._et_r.1509298073.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2017/10/29 18:27 de auntiee