issue127:freecad
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issue127:freecad [2017/11/28 11:53] – créée auntiee | issue127:freecad [2017/12/03 11:54] (Version actuelle) – andre_domenech | ||
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- | In this series, we will be examining the world of FreeCAD, an open-source CAD modelling application that is still in Beta, but has been gaining acceptance in recent years. Naturally, it is readily available in the Ubuntu repositories. In the previous (seventh) article on using FreeCAD, we concentrated on the mesh as a complex primitive object that allows us to create forms and volumes, either from scanned data or by using simple programing techniques. | + | **In this series, we will be examining the world of FreeCAD, an open-source CAD modelling application that is still in Beta, but has been gaining acceptance in recent years. Naturally, it is readily available in the Ubuntu repositories. In the previous (seventh) article on using FreeCAD, we concentrated on the mesh as a complex primitive object that allows us to create forms and volumes, either from scanned data or by using simple programing techniques. |
- | In this part, we will use this technique in combination with other, more standard FreeCAD tools, to build a 3D representation of a modern building with a lattice roof structure. | + | In this part, we will use this technique in combination with other, more standard FreeCAD tools, to build a 3D representation of a modern building with a lattice roof structure.** |
- | Architectural meshes | + | Dans cette série, nous examinerons le monde de FreeCAD, une application Open Source de modélisation par CAO qui est encore en bêta, mais qui a reçu un bon accueil ces dernières années. Naturellement, |
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+ | Dans cette partie, nous utiliserons cette technique en combinaison avec d' | ||
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+ | **Architectural meshes | ||
Some of the inspiration for this article comes from buildings such as the Esplanade Theatres on the Bay, Singapore (DP Architects), | Some of the inspiration for this article comes from buildings such as the Esplanade Theatres on the Bay, Singapore (DP Architects), | ||
• On the one hand, the lattice can support a large proportion of its own weight, which allows the architect to cover a large area without using internal supports such as columns. This is perfect for large open spaces such as concert halls or sports venues, or even the open concourses inside airport buildings, such as Hong Kong International Airport at Chek Lap Kok. | • On the one hand, the lattice can support a large proportion of its own weight, which allows the architect to cover a large area without using internal supports such as columns. This is perfect for large open spaces such as concert halls or sports venues, or even the open concourses inside airport buildings, such as Hong Kong International Airport at Chek Lap Kok. | ||
- | • On the other hand, using a lattice implies that part of the structural strength comes from working with curved surfaces that share some of their properties with the arch. The final result is a building that eschews the flat, regular shapes that have become so common in urban architecture during the last century. | + | • On the other hand, using a lattice implies that part of the structural strength comes from working with curved surfaces that share some of their properties with the arch. The final result is a building that eschews the flat, regular shapes that have become so common in urban architecture during the last century.** |
- | Some simple lattices can be drawn “by hand”, as long as the overall shapes remain planar or use a single curvature. However, once the final shape contains double curvatures - along two intersecting axes at once - things do tend to get a little complicated. This is when a computer comes in as an essential tool to calculate the position of each lattice point, and from there to calculate the constraints expected within the physical structure. | + | Les maillages architecturaux |
- | For instance, let us consider | + | Une partie de l' |
+ | • D'une part, le treillis peut supporter une proportion importante de son propre poids, ce qui permet à l' | ||
+ | • D' | ||
- | Integrating a lattice into a building | + | **Some simple lattices can be drawn “by hand”, as long as the overall shapes remain planar or use a single curvature. However, once the final shape contains double curvatures - along two intersecting axes at once - things do tend to get a little complicated. This is when a computer comes in as an essential tool to calculate the position of each lattice point, and from there to calculate the constraints expected within the physical structure. |
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+ | For instance, let us consider the height function h(x, y) = x*x - y*y. A simple surface plot shows us that, in the vicinity of coordinate origin point (0, 0, 0), this surface shows a concave curvature in the upwards direction, along axis X. However, curvature is convex along axis Y, also towards the top. This very simple function shows a double curvature that is easy to calculate, but not easy to draw with precision without the help of a computer.** | ||
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+ | Certains treillis simples peuvent être dessinés « à la main », tant que les formes générales restent planes ou utilisent une courbure unique. Cependant, dès que la forme finale contient deux courbures - le long de deux axes d' | ||
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+ | Par exemple, considérons la fonction hauteur h(x, y) = x*x - y*y. Un simple tracé de la surface nous montre que, au voisinage du point d' | ||
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+ | **Integrating a lattice into a building | ||
In the following discussion, we will create a medium-sized pavilion using a lattice defined with the above function. Naturally, the reader is not encouraged to actually build such a structure in real life - at least, not unless considerable architectural and engineering experience is available to ensure materials are correctly chosen and dimensioned, | In the following discussion, we will create a medium-sized pavilion using a lattice defined with the above function. Naturally, the reader is not encouraged to actually build such a structure in real life - at least, not unless considerable architectural and engineering experience is available to ensure materials are correctly chosen and dimensioned, | ||
- | Let us begin by writing a short Python program to create an STL file with the mesh. The complete code can be found at: https:// | + | Let us begin by writing a short Python program to create an STL file with the mesh. The complete code can be found at: https:// |
- | The end result of this program is an STL file that can be imported into a new FreeCAD project using the technique discussed in the previous part of this series. To better visualize proportions, | + | Intégration d'un treillis dans un bâtiment |
- | Closing off the walls on all four sides of this building will be no easy task, since all four walls will have three straight edges, but the fourth (upper) edge needs to follow | + | Dans la présentation qui suit, nous créerons un pavillon de taille moyenne utilisant un treillis défini avec la fonction ci-dessus. Naturellement, le lecteur n'est pas encouragé à construire en vrai une telle structure, à moins de disposer d'une grande expérience d' |
- | We can then go into the Draft workbench, and, working carefully, draw a new Wire - selecting, point by point, all the vertices along one edge of the roof. Then, close the shape by selecting the corners of the ground rectangle beneath this edge. This flat shape can then be promoted to a plane ?plain? DWire object. Then proceed in the same way for the other walls. | + | Commençons par écrire un court programme en Python pour créer un fichier STL avec le maillage. Le code complet peut être trouvé à : https:// |
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+ | **The end result of this program is an STL file that can be imported into a new FreeCAD project using the technique discussed in the previous part of this series. To better visualize proportions, | ||
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+ | Closing off the walls on all four sides of this building will be no easy task, since all four walls will have three straight edges, but the fourth (upper) edge needs to follow a parabolic line. There are several solutions for this problem. One would be to write further programs in Python to create mesh files to suit. However, FreeCAD does offer alternatives. In this case, I made mesh lines visible. Select the mesh object, and, in the Property box, select “Display Mode” and switch from the original “Shaded” mode to “Flat Lines”.** | ||
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+ | Le résultat final de ce programme est un fichier STL qui peut être importé dans un nouveau projet FreeCAD en utilisant la technique présentée dans la partie précédente de la série. Pour mieux visualiser les proportions, | ||
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+ | Poser les cloisons pour fermer les murs des quatre côtés ne sera pas une tâche facile, car les quatre cloisons auront trois côtés droits, mais le quatrième (celui du haut) devra suivre une courbe parabolique. Il y a plusieurs solutions à ce problème. L'une d' | ||
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+ | **We can then go into the Draft workbench, and, working carefully, draw a new Wire - selecting, point by point, all the vertices along one edge of the roof. Then, close the shape by selecting the corners of the ground rectangle beneath this edge. This flat shape can then be promoted to a plane ?plain? DWire object. Then proceed in the same way for the other walls. | ||
Once the walls have been defined, the roof mesh can either be left with its mesh structure apparent, or the Display Mode can be switched back to “Surface”, | Once the walls have been defined, the roof mesh can either be left with its mesh structure apparent, or the Display Mode can be switched back to “Surface”, | ||
- | One can then add columns to hold up the roof mesh. However, it then becomes apparent that the mesh has no thickness. Even if much care is taken with column heights, some discrepancy appears since column ends are horizontal disks, but the part of the mesh that is in contact with them is not flat. Intersections with the building’s four exterior walls also become apparent. | + | One can then add columns to hold up the roof mesh. However, it then becomes apparent that the mesh has no thickness. Even if much care is taken with column heights, some discrepancy appears since column ends are horizontal disks, but the part of the mesh that is in contact with them is not flat. Intersections with the building’s four exterior walls also become apparent.** |
- | One relatively realistic solution is to give the roof mesh some thickness. SImply select the mesh, and, in the Part workbench, create a new Extrusion. Top and bottom surfaces will have the shape of the mesh, while the vertical depth of the object will be the same along its surface. A value of one meter seems appropriate for this building. | + | Nous pouvons aller maintenant dans l' |
- | Finally, the colors and transparency levels of each object can be adjusted in the Properties box. For instance, to represent glass walls - allowing light to enter the building between columns - the four walls can be left with their default color ([204, 204, 204]), but with a transparency of 40. | + | Une fois que les murs ont été définis, le maillage du toit peut, soit être laissé avec sa structure maillée apparente, soit le mode d' |
- | What next? | + | On peut ensuite ajouter des colonnes pour tenir le maillage du toit. Cependant, il devient apparent que le maillage n'a pas d' |
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+ | **One relatively realistic solution is to give the roof mesh some thickness. SImply select the mesh, and, in the Part workbench, create a new Extrusion. Top and bottom surfaces will have the shape of the mesh, while the vertical depth of the object will be the same along its surface. A value of one meter seems appropriate for this building. | ||
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+ | Finally, the colors and transparency levels of each object can be adjusted in the Properties box. For instance, to represent glass walls - allowing light to enter the building between columns - the four walls can be left with their default color ([204, 204, 204]), but with a transparency of 40. ** | ||
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+ | Une solution relativement réaliste est de donner un peu d' | ||
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+ | Enfin, la couleur et le niveau de transparence de chaque objet peuvent être ajustés dans la zone Propriétés. Par exemple, pour représenter des murs en verre - permettant à la lumière d' | ||
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+ | **What next? | ||
In this article on using FreeCAD, we used a mesh in combination with other, more standard FreeCAD tools, to build a 3D representation of a modern building with a lattice roof structure. | In this article on using FreeCAD, we used a mesh in combination with other, more standard FreeCAD tools, to build a 3D representation of a modern building with a lattice roof structure. | ||
- | In the next part, we will explore going from a computer model to something physical, by exporting a finished project and printing it using a 3D printer. | + | In the next part, we will explore going from a computer model to something physical, by exporting a finished project and printing it using a 3D printer.** |
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+ | Et ensuite ? | ||
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+ | Dans cet article sur l' | ||
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+ | Dans la prochaine partie, nous explorerons le passage d'un modèle informatique à un objet matérialisé, | ||
issue127/freecad.1511866417.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2017/11/28 11:53 de auntiee