issue131:inkscape
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue131:inkscape [2018/04/11 09:00] – d52fr | issue131:inkscape [2018/04/12 18:05] (Version actuelle) – andre_domenech | ||
---|---|---|---|
Ligne 3: | Ligne 3: | ||
Starting at the top of the menu, we find Arrange > Deep Ungroup. As its name suggests, it ungroups any grouped objects it finds, with the “deep” part indicating that it then continues down, ungrouping any groups that were nested inside those groups, then any groups within groups within groups – and so on, until every group in your document has been expanded back to its constituent objects. It can be particularly useful when importing SVG files from other programs, some of which nest groups to such an extent that it becomes difficult to edit the content with Inkscape.** | Starting at the top of the menu, we find Arrange > Deep Ungroup. As its name suggests, it ungroups any grouped objects it finds, with the “deep” part indicating that it then continues down, ungrouping any groups that were nested inside those groups, then any groups within groups within groups – and so on, until every group in your document has been expanded back to its constituent objects. It can be particularly useful when importing SVG files from other programs, some of which nest groups to such an extent that it becomes difficult to edit the content with Inkscape.** | ||
- | Poursuivant notre introduction aux extensions d' | + | Poursuivant notre introduction aux extensions d' |
- | Dans le menu, nous trouvons Organiser > Dégrouper récursivement. Comme son nom le suggère, elle dégroupe | + | Dans le menu, nous trouvons Organiser > Dégrouper récursivement. Comme son nom le suggère, elle dégroupe |
**Most of the time, the default options in this extension are fine. With nothing selected on the canvas, it will ungroup everything across all layers, no matter how deep (well… up to 65535 levels deep, which may as well be infinite in SVG terms). Be warned, however, that this will even remove any layers you have (since layers are just groups with extra attributes). You can limit its effect by selecting specific groups to operate on before running the extension. | **Most of the time, the default options in this extension are fine. With nothing selected on the canvas, it will ungroup everything across all layers, no matter how deep (well… up to 65535 levels deep, which may as well be infinite in SVG terms). Be warned, however, that this will even remove any layers you have (since layers are just groups with extra attributes). You can limit its effect by selecting specific groups to operate on before running the extension. | ||
Ligne 11: | Ligne 11: | ||
Whilst selecting specific groups lets you restrict the “breadth” of the changes, changing the values in the dialog lets you adjust the depth of nesting that will be affected. To demonstrate, | Whilst selecting specific groups lets you restrict the “breadth” of the changes, changing the values in the dialog lets you adjust the depth of nesting that will be affected. To demonstrate, | ||
- | La plupart du temps, les options par défaut de ces extensions sont bonnes. Quand rien n'est sélectionné sur le canevas, elle dégroupera tout sur tous les calques, quel qu’en soit le niveau (en fait…, jusqu' | + | La plupart du temps, les options par défaut de ces extensions sont bonnes. Quand rien n'est sélectionné sur le canevas, elle dégroupera tout sur tous les calques, quel qu’en soit le niveau (en fait, jusqu' |
- | Alors que la sélection de groupes spécifiques vous permet de restreindre l'« étendue » des modifications, | + | Alors que la sélection de groupes spécifiques vous permet de restreindre l'« étendue » des modifications, |
**Using the default values, with nothing selected, breaks my path out of its deeply nested jail, and throws away the layer to boot. Better to select the topmost group, which breaks the path out whilst still leaving the layer intact: | **Using the default values, with nothing selected, breaks my path out of its deeply nested jail, and throws away the layer to boot. Better to select the topmost group, which breaks the path out whilst still leaving the layer intact: | ||
Ligne 21: | Ligne 21: | ||
With the starting depth back at 0, but the Stopping Depth at 5, I get this (note that it’s actually removed 6 levels of grouping as this figure appears to use “programmer’s numbering” where the count actually starts at zero):** | With the starting depth back at 0, but the Stopping Depth at 5, I get this (note that it’s actually removed 6 levels of grouping as this figure appears to use “programmer’s numbering” where the count actually starts at zero):** | ||
- | L' | + | L' |
Cependant, mettez 2 dans le paramètre Profondeur de départ et les deux premiers niveaux de profondeur seront conservés : | Cependant, mettez 2 dans le paramètre Profondeur de départ et les deux premiers niveaux de profondeur seront conservés : | ||
- | Avec la profondeur de départ remise à 0,mais la Profondeur d' | + | Avec la profondeur de départ remise à 0, mais la Profondeur d' |
**Exactly the same result can be achieved by setting the Stopping Depth back to 65535, and setting the Depth to Keep to 3. The difference is whether you want to start at the outermost group and count the levels down, or start at the innermost group and count up. I advise setting only one of these fields, leaving the other at 65535 (Stopping Depth) or 0 (Depth to Keep), as it’s not clear how they interact with each other. You can, however, combine one of these fields with the Starting Depth to keep the top few groups and the deepest groups, whilst chopping out all the ones in the middle. This can be useful when a file contains a lot of redundant nesting and you want to simplify it down without losing too much structure. For example, with the Starting Depth at 2 and the Depth to Keep at 3, my file ends up like this:** | **Exactly the same result can be achieved by setting the Stopping Depth back to 65535, and setting the Depth to Keep to 3. The difference is whether you want to start at the outermost group and count the levels down, or start at the innermost group and count up. I advise setting only one of these fields, leaving the other at 65535 (Stopping Depth) or 0 (Depth to Keep), as it’s not clear how they interact with each other. You can, however, combine one of these fields with the Starting Depth to keep the top few groups and the deepest groups, whilst chopping out all the ones in the middle. This can be useful when a file contains a lot of redundant nesting and you want to simplify it down without losing too much structure. For example, with the Starting Depth at 2 and the Depth to Keep at 3, my file ends up like this:** | ||
- | On obtient exactement le même résultat en réglant la Profondeur d' | + | On obtient exactement le même résultat en réglant la Profondeur d' |
**Having removed all the groups in your document, you may now be faced with a whole load of individual objects that aren’t necessarily arranged the way you want them to be. Their position on the canvas should still be the same as it was when they were grouped, but their position in the z-stack could be all over the place. Much of the time this won’t matter, but, when objects overlap, or you need to use them in Boolean operations, the z-order can matter immensely. That’s where the Arrange > Restack extension comes into its own.** | **Having removed all the groups in your document, you may now be faced with a whole load of individual objects that aren’t necessarily arranged the way you want them to be. Their position on the canvas should still be the same as it was when they were grouped, but their position in the z-stack could be all over the place. Much of the time this won’t matter, but, when objects overlap, or you need to use them in Boolean operations, the z-order can matter immensely. That’s where the Arrange > Restack extension comes into its own.** | ||
- | En ayant supprimé tous les groupes de votre document, vous pourriez vous trouver | + | En ayant supprimé tous les groupes de votre document, vous pourriez vous trouver |
**In normal operation, this extension changes the z-index on each element based on its coordinates. With the settings shown here, for example, the object whose top left corner (the Object Reference Point) is furthest to the left will be moved to the bottom of the stack, with each subsequent object from left to right being placed on top, until the object whose top left corner is furthest to the right is placed on the top. Changing the Restack Direction popup lets you change that left to right ordering so that the stacking runs from right to left, top to bottom, or bottom to top. If none of those suit, you can use the Custom tab to choose an angle that works with your design. For restacking objects that are more circularly arranged, there are even options for Radial Outward and Radial Inward. In short, this extension lets you trivially achieve this:** | **In normal operation, this extension changes the z-index on each element based on its coordinates. With the settings shown here, for example, the object whose top left corner (the Object Reference Point) is furthest to the left will be moved to the bottom of the stack, with each subsequent object from left to right being placed on top, until the object whose top left corner is furthest to the right is placed on the top. Changing the Restack Direction popup lets you change that left to right ordering so that the stacking runs from right to left, top to bottom, or bottom to top. If none of those suit, you can use the Custom tab to choose an angle that works with your design. For restacking objects that are more circularly arranged, there are even options for Radial Outward and Radial Inward. In short, this extension lets you trivially achieve this:** | ||
- | Dans une opération normale, cette extension change l' | + | Dans une opération normale, cette extension change l' |
**If your objects are already stacked in a sensible order, there are really only two things you might want to do with them: reverse the order, or randomise it. Both of these operations are also available in this extension, by switching to the “Based on Z-Order” tab. | **If your objects are already stacked in a sensible order, there are really only two things you might want to do with them: reverse the order, or randomise it. Both of these operations are also available in this extension, by switching to the “Based on Z-Order” tab. | ||
Ligne 43: | Ligne 43: | ||
The Modify Path or Visualise Path submenus seems like good places to look for useful utilities, but so useful are the tools in them that many have been re-implemented as Live Path Effects in recent releases, and it’s usually best to use the LPE versions. Don’t forget you can use ‘Path’ > ‘Object to Path’ to “set” the results if you don’t want them to be “live”. For example, you can find both Envelope and Perspective extensions in the Modify Path submenu, each of which requires a source path to distort, and a four-node guide path to distort into. But they have different ideas about the order of the nodes in the guide path, and whilst Envelope will happily distort a group of paths, Perspective won’t, requiring you to ungroup and union the paths into a single object first. Far better to use the Perspective/ | The Modify Path or Visualise Path submenus seems like good places to look for useful utilities, but so useful are the tools in them that many have been re-implemented as Live Path Effects in recent releases, and it’s usually best to use the LPE versions. Don’t forget you can use ‘Path’ > ‘Object to Path’ to “set” the results if you don’t want them to be “live”. For example, you can find both Envelope and Perspective extensions in the Modify Path submenu, each of which requires a source path to distort, and a four-node guide path to distort into. But they have different ideas about the order of the nodes in the guide path, and whilst Envelope will happily distort a group of paths, Perspective won’t, requiring you to ungroup and union the paths into a single object first. Far better to use the Perspective/ | ||
- | Si vos objets sont déjà empilés dans un ordre raisonné, il n'y a vraiment que deux choses | + | Si vos objets sont déjà empilés dans un ordre logique, il n'y a vraiment que deux choses |
- | Les sous-menus Modifier le chemin et Visualisation du chemin | + | Les sous-menus Modifier le chemin et Visualisation du chemin |
**Although Scribus makes for a far better desktop publishing program, Inskcape is sometimes put to use for producing flyers or leaflets – and maybe even the occasional newsletter (although the lack of multi-page support would seem to limit its usefulness in that regard). It can also be a handy tool for mocking up a website layout. One thing that unites all these tasks is the need to lay out sections of text, either as real content itself, or as a placeholder to indicate where the real content will go. The Text submenu offers a few extensions that may help. | **Although Scribus makes for a far better desktop publishing program, Inskcape is sometimes put to use for producing flyers or leaflets – and maybe even the occasional newsletter (although the lack of multi-page support would seem to limit its usefulness in that regard). It can also be a handy tool for mocking up a website layout. One thing that unites all these tasks is the need to lay out sections of text, either as real content itself, or as a placeholder to indicate where the real content will go. The Text submenu offers a few extensions that may help. | ||
Ligne 51: | Ligne 51: | ||
For placeholder text, it’s hard to beat the classic “lorem ipsum” prose – a passage of nonsensical Latin that has traditionally been used for this purpose. You could go online to one of the many lorem ipsum generators, then copy and paste the text into Inkscape, or you could just use the Text > Lorem Ipsum extension. A word of caution though: this extension produces flowed text, which makes it great for mocking up a website, but no good for actually putting online. Use the ‘Text’ > ‘Convert to Text’ menu option to fix it as normal, non-flowed text (see part 10 for more details).** | For placeholder text, it’s hard to beat the classic “lorem ipsum” prose – a passage of nonsensical Latin that has traditionally been used for this purpose. You could go online to one of the many lorem ipsum generators, then copy and paste the text into Inkscape, or you could just use the Text > Lorem Ipsum extension. A word of caution though: this extension produces flowed text, which makes it great for mocking up a website, but no good for actually putting online. Use the ‘Text’ > ‘Convert to Text’ menu option to fix it as normal, non-flowed text (see part 10 for more details).** | ||
- | Bien que Scribus soit un bien meilleur programme de publication par ordinateur, Inkscape est parfois mis à profit pour produire des prospectus et des dépliants | + | Bien que Scribus soit un bien meilleur programme de publication par ordinateur |
- | Pour la réserve de texte, il est difficile de battre la classique prose « lorem ipsum » - un passage de latin sans aucun sens qui est utilisé traditionnellement à cette fin. Vous pouvez aller si Internet pour trouver l'un des nombreux générateurs de lorem ipsum, puis copier/ | + | Pour la réserve de texte, il est difficile de battre la classique prose « lorem ipsum » - un passage de latin sans aucun sens qui est utilisé traditionnellement à cette fin. Vous pouvez aller sur Internet pour trouver l'un des nombreux générateurs de lorem ipsum, puis copier/ |
**Perhaps the most useful utilities in this submenu are those for dealing with small amounts of text that are already in a document. If you have several pieces of text that you want to use in another program, rather than editing each of them to copy the content to the clipboard one-by-one, the Text > Extract extension offers a means to pull out any text it finds in the page or selection, then present it to you concatenated into a single block of ASCII text in a dialog. From there you can easily copy and paste the entire text as one. | **Perhaps the most useful utilities in this submenu are those for dealing with small amounts of text that are already in a document. If you have several pieces of text that you want to use in another program, rather than editing each of them to copy the content to the clipboard one-by-one, the Text > Extract extension offers a means to pull out any text it finds in the page or selection, then present it to you concatenated into a single block of ASCII text in a dialog. From there you can easily copy and paste the entire text as one. | ||
Ligne 59: | Ligne 59: | ||
Conversely you might want to join several smaller pieces of text into a single object within Inkscape. This can be the case when importing a document from another program, as sometimes lines of a paragraph are stored as separate text elements in the SVG file. It seems to be a particular issue with PDF files. In this case, select all the text that should be joined and use Text > Merge. In almost all cases the standard settings are fine, and it will result in your text being duplicated as a single block at the top left corner of the document for you to then adjust and position as you see fit.** | Conversely you might want to join several smaller pieces of text into a single object within Inkscape. This can be the case when importing a document from another program, as sometimes lines of a paragraph are stored as separate text elements in the SVG file. It seems to be a particular issue with PDF files. In this case, select all the text that should be joined and use Text > Merge. In almost all cases the standard settings are fine, and it will result in your text being duplicated as a single block at the top left corner of the document for you to then adjust and position as you see fit.** | ||
- | Les services peut-être les plus utiles de ce sous-menu sont ceux qui traitent des petites quantités de texte déjà présentes dans un document. Si vous avez plusieurs morceaux de texte que vous voulez utiliser dans un autre programme, plutôt que les éditer individuellement pour les copier un-par-un dans le presse-papier, | + | Les services peut-être les plus utiles de ce sous-menu sont ceux qui traitent des petites quantités de texte déjà présentes dans un document. Si vous avez plusieurs morceaux de texte que vous voulez utiliser dans un autre programme, plutôt que les éditer individuellement pour les copier un par un dans le presse-papier, |
- | Inversement, | + | Inversement, |
**The counterpoint to Merge is ‘Text’ > ‘Split Text’. This allows you to break a single text object into several separate objects, splitting by line break, word break, or even into individual characters. The styling and positioning of the text will often be lost in the process, though. One use I’ve had for this in the past is to split a too-long speech bubble in a cartoon into separate lines; they can then be rearranged to fit over two or three individual bubbles, and Text > Merge used to turn each group of lines back into a single text object. | **The counterpoint to Merge is ‘Text’ > ‘Split Text’. This allows you to break a single text object into several separate objects, splitting by line break, word break, or even into individual characters. The styling and positioning of the text will often be lost in the process, though. One use I’ve had for this in the past is to split a too-long speech bubble in a cartoon into separate lines; they can then be rearranged to fit over two or three individual bubbles, and Text > Merge used to turn each group of lines back into a single text object. | ||
As well as not being a great DTP program, Inkscape is also a pretty poor choice for dealing with raster images (also known as bitmap images, though that term should not be confused with the image format of the same name that is common in the Windows world). Still, people persist in doing so, so I’ll finish this month with a quick look at the extensions that might help if you really want to go down that route.** | As well as not being a great DTP program, Inkscape is also a pretty poor choice for dealing with raster images (also known as bitmap images, though that term should not be confused with the image format of the same name that is common in the Windows world). Still, people persist in doing so, so I’ll finish this month with a quick look at the extensions that might help if you really want to go down that route.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le contraire de Fusionner est « Texte » > « Diviser du texte ». Ceci vous permet de briser un objet texte unique en plusieurs objets séparés, le découpant par ligne, par mot ou même par caractère. Toutefois, le style et la position du texte seront souvent perdus dans le traitement. Je l'ai utilisé par le passé dans une bande dessinée pour éclater une trop longue bulle de dialogue en lignes séparées ; elles peuvent ensuite être arrangées pour tenir dans deux ou trois bulles séparées, et Texte > Fusionner est utilisé pour repasser chaque groupe de lignes en un unique objet texte. | ||
+ | |||
+ | De même qu' | ||
**As you may recall from part 15 of this series, when adding a raster image to Inkscape you have the choice to either embed it (in which case the raw bitmap data is included within your SVG file), or link to it (in which case the SVG contains the URL or path of the file). Embedding makes your SVG file more portable, at the expense of file size. Linking also has the advantage that edits made outside of Inkscape are automatically reflected in your document. One useful approach, therefore, is to link by default, but embed the final version of the image if you have to send your file to someone else. The Images > Embed Images extension will handle this for you. | **As you may recall from part 15 of this series, when adding a raster image to Inkscape you have the choice to either embed it (in which case the raw bitmap data is included within your SVG file), or link to it (in which case the SVG contains the URL or path of the file). Embedding makes your SVG file more portable, at the expense of file size. Linking also has the advantage that edits made outside of Inkscape are automatically reflected in your document. One useful approach, therefore, is to link by default, but embed the final version of the image if you have to send your file to someone else. The Images > Embed Images extension will handle this for you. | ||
On the other hand, if you have a file with embedded images, the Images > Extract Image extension will save them to your hard drive and automatically replace the copy in your document with a link to the newly saved file. Note that it works with only one image at a time, and doesn’t complain if you have more than one selected, preferring to extract only the first one. If you subsequently need to move the saved files, you’ll see the following error image in Inkscape, in place of the missing file:** | On the other hand, if you have a file with embedded images, the Images > Extract Image extension will save them to your hard drive and automatically replace the copy in your document with a link to the newly saved file. Note that it works with only one image at a time, and doesn’t complain if you have more than one selected, preferring to extract only the first one. If you subsequently need to move the saved files, you’ll see the following error image in Inkscape, in place of the missing file:** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Comme vous pouvez vous souvenir de la partie 15, où, en ajoutant une image matricielle à Inkscape, vous aviez le choix, soit de l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | En revanche, si vous avez un fichier avec des images incorporées, | ||
**If you do see this, just right-click on it and select “Image Properties” in the context menu, then edit the path to match the new location of the file. In recent versions of Inkscape, you’ll also find that Embed Image and Extract Image have made their way to this context menu. It doesn’t matter whether you use those options or the extensions, the end result is the same. | **If you do see this, just right-click on it and select “Image Properties” in the context menu, then edit the path to match the new location of the file. In recent versions of Inkscape, you’ll also find that Embed Image and Extract Image have made their way to this context menu. It doesn’t matter whether you use those options or the extensions, the end result is the same. | ||
When dealing with raster images, you might be tempted by some of the options in the Raster submenu. My advice is to steer clear of these. They generally apply filters to your raster image (embedding it in the process, if it’s a linked image) – but these are not the editable SVG filters that you would find in Inkscape’s Filters menu. Instead, they are bitmap filters whose effect is to destructively change the pixels in your raster image. In that respect they’re no different to the result you would get if you just edited the image in an external program such as The GIMP, except that the range of filters available in a true raster editor vastly outweighs the paltry selection exposed as Inkscape extensions. Better to copy your original image to a new name, link it into Inkscape, then play around with the filters in a dedicated raster graphics program.** | When dealing with raster images, you might be tempted by some of the options in the Raster submenu. My advice is to steer clear of these. They generally apply filters to your raster image (embedding it in the process, if it’s a linked image) – but these are not the editable SVG filters that you would find in Inkscape’s Filters menu. Instead, they are bitmap filters whose effect is to destructively change the pixels in your raster image. In that respect they’re no different to the result you would get if you just edited the image in an external program such as The GIMP, except that the range of filters available in a true raster editor vastly outweighs the paltry selection exposed as Inkscape extensions. Better to copy your original image to a new name, link it into Inkscape, then play around with the filters in a dedicated raster graphics program.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Si vous voyez ceci, il suffit de faire un clic droit dessus et sélectionner « Propriétés de l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Quand vous avez à faire à des images matricielles, | ||
issue131/inkscape.1523430047.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2018/04/11 09:00 de d52fr