issue168:micro
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue168:micro [2021/05/05 08:30] – d52fr | issue168:micro [2021/05/07 15:29] (Version actuelle) – andre_domenech | ||
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**Welcome back! Every once and a while, I’ll be doing a review of a MicroController of some sort that I have tested. I don’t get any free devices from anyone, so if I can afford one, I’m pretty sure that you can too. This month, we have a lot to cover, so let’s get started right away.** | **Welcome back! Every once and a while, I’ll be doing a review of a MicroController of some sort that I have tested. I don’t get any free devices from anyone, so if I can afford one, I’m pretty sure that you can too. This month, we have a lot to cover, so let’s get started right away.** | ||
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+ | Bienvenue à nouveau ! De temps en temps, je vais faire la critique d'un quelconque microcontrôleur que j'ai testé. Je ne reçois aucun appareil gratuit de qui que ce soit, donc si je peux m'en offrir un, je suis presque sûr que vous le pouvez aussi. Ce mois-ci, nous avons beaucoup de choses à couvrir, alors commençons tout de suite. | ||
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**Cytron Maker Pi Pico | **Cytron Maker Pi Pico | ||
A day or so after the release of the RPi Pico, I found out about this product. Cytron (https:// | A day or so after the release of the RPi Pico, I found out about this product. Cytron (https:// | ||
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+ | Cytron Maker Pi Pico | ||
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+ | Un jour ou deux après la sortie du RPi Pico, j'ai découvert ce produit. Cytron (https:// | ||
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**The device includes a development board with a Pico already soldered onto it. Each pin is brought out on the board as a male header pin, and every GPIO pin has an LED. There are 6 Grove connectors, 3 buttons, a buzzer, an SD Card slot, a dedicated port for an ESP-01 WiFi card, a NeoPixel RGB LED, and more. All of that for just under $10 USD, and has a 1-year warranty! Shipping (to the U.S. at least) is reasonable and fairly fast. Please be aware, the ESP-01, MicroSD card, and jumpers, are not included with the board. | **The device includes a development board with a Pico already soldered onto it. Each pin is brought out on the board as a male header pin, and every GPIO pin has an LED. There are 6 Grove connectors, 3 buttons, a buzzer, an SD Card slot, a dedicated port for an ESP-01 WiFi card, a NeoPixel RGB LED, and more. All of that for just under $10 USD, and has a 1-year warranty! Shipping (to the U.S. at least) is reasonable and fairly fast. Please be aware, the ESP-01, MicroSD card, and jumpers, are not included with the board. | ||
Once I got it and plugged it in, I was surprised that a demo program was already flashed to the Pico. At first glance, the demo highlights the GPIO LEDs by walking through each LED quickly turning them on then off while the buzzer plays a short snippet from the iconic Mario theme song. Being curious, and fairly impressed by the fact that the demo was already there, I tried pressing each of the three buttons. Sure enough there was more demo to be seen. Button 1 toggles all of the GPIO LEDs. Button 2 runs through all of the NeoPixel colors, and Button 3 plays the Mario theme while slowly melding the NeoPixel color shift.** | Once I got it and plugged it in, I was surprised that a demo program was already flashed to the Pico. At first glance, the demo highlights the GPIO LEDs by walking through each LED quickly turning them on then off while the buzzer plays a short snippet from the iconic Mario theme song. Being curious, and fairly impressed by the fact that the demo was already there, I tried pressing each of the three buttons. Sure enough there was more demo to be seen. Button 1 toggles all of the GPIO LEDs. Button 2 runs through all of the NeoPixel colors, and Button 3 plays the Mario theme while slowly melding the NeoPixel color shift.** | ||
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+ | L' | ||
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+ | Une fois que je l'ai reçue et branchée, j'ai été surpris de voir qu'un programme de démonstration était déjà flashé sur le Pico. A première vue, la démo met en évidence les LED GPIO en les allumant et en les éteignant rapidement pendant que le buzzer joue un court extrait de l' | ||
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**I have to say that one of the things that I wanted the board for, was to learn more about the NeoPixel RGB LED. I always thought that they were pretty cool, but not cool enough to spend the money to get one of the various types. I really couldn’t come up with a compelling project to justify the purchase. When the demo got to the parts that controlled the NeoPixel, it was so bright that I couldn’t look directly at it. I have created a demo for using the NeoPixel that allows the NeoPixel brightness to be controlled. We’ll take a look at it next month. | **I have to say that one of the things that I wanted the board for, was to learn more about the NeoPixel RGB LED. I always thought that they were pretty cool, but not cool enough to spend the money to get one of the various types. I really couldn’t come up with a compelling project to justify the purchase. When the demo got to the parts that controlled the NeoPixel, it was so bright that I couldn’t look directly at it. I have created a demo for using the NeoPixel that allows the NeoPixel brightness to be controlled. We’ll take a look at it next month. | ||
The good people at Cytron have set up a github repository with example code for both MicroPython and CircuitPython. You can find it at https:// | The good people at Cytron have set up a github repository with example code for both MicroPython and CircuitPython. You can find it at https:// | ||
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+ | Je dois dire que l'une des raisons pour lesquelles je voulais cette carte était d'en savoir plus sur les LED RGB NeoPixel. J'ai toujours pensé qu' | ||
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+ | Les bonnes gens de Cytron ont mis en place un dépôt github avec des exemples de code pour MicroPython et CircuitPython. Vous pouvez le trouver à l' | ||
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**Over all, this is a great way to get into using the RPi Pico – with lots of exploration possibilities for a very low cost. It’s especially good for a younger budding scientist to learn since there is no soldering involved. | **Over all, this is a great way to get into using the RPi Pico – with lots of exploration possibilities for a very low cost. It’s especially good for a younger budding scientist to learn since there is no soldering involved. | ||
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Last month, we went over a couple of simple “get started” projects that involved the Pico and making the onboard LED do things. Moving from the onboard LED to an offboard is not much more involved, and there’s a lot of information out on the web to do this. I’ll let you research that for yourself. I can, however, point you to a good project direct from the Raspberry Pi Foundation. While designed for young people, it gives you a step-by-step introduction to the Pico and MicroPython Programming. You can find it at https:// | Last month, we went over a couple of simple “get started” projects that involved the Pico and making the onboard LED do things. Moving from the onboard LED to an offboard is not much more involved, and there’s a lot of information out on the web to do this. I’ll let you research that for yourself. I can, however, point you to a good project direct from the Raspberry Pi Foundation. While designed for young people, it gives you a step-by-step introduction to the Pico and MicroPython Programming. You can find it at https:// | ||
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+ | Dans l' | ||
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+ | Le projet du mois | ||
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+ | Le mois dernier, nous avons passé en revue quelques projets simples de « démarrage » qui impliquaient le Pico et l' | ||
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**Now for our project. We’ll be dealing with a real world sensor on the Pico. To connect the sensor to the Pico, we will be using I2C. For an overview of I2C, you might want to set your wayback machine to Full Circle Magazine issue # 112 in August 2016. Basically, I2C is a specialized 2-wire serial communication protocol that allows multiple devices to exist on the same two-wire buss. Each I2C device has an address that we use to talk to that individual device. | **Now for our project. We’ll be dealing with a real world sensor on the Pico. To connect the sensor to the Pico, we will be using I2C. For an overview of I2C, you might want to set your wayback machine to Full Circle Magazine issue # 112 in August 2016. Basically, I2C is a specialized 2-wire serial communication protocol that allows multiple devices to exist on the same two-wire buss. Each I2C device has an address that we use to talk to that individual device. | ||
This month, we’ll work with the Pico as our Microcontroler, | This month, we’ll work with the Pico as our Microcontroler, | ||
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+ | Commençons maintenant notre projet. Nous allons utiliser un capteur du monde réel sur le Pico. Pour connecter le capteur au Pico, nous allons utiliser I2C. Pour un aperçu de l'I2C, vous pouvez régler votre machine à remonter le temps sur le numéro 112 du magazine Full Circle d' | ||
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+ | Ce mois-ci, nous allons travailler avec le Pico comme microcontrôleur, | ||
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**As you can see from the wiring diagram shown left, there are only 4 wires needed for each device and they all use the same connection points on the breadboard. To make it easy for you, I’ve created a simple table for the connections to the Raspberry Pi Pico. | **As you can see from the wiring diagram shown left, there are only 4 wires needed for each device and they all use the same connection points on the breadboard. To make it easy for you, I’ve created a simple table for the connections to the Raspberry Pi Pico. | ||
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Whenever I work on a project that uses I2C devices, the first thing I do is to make sure that the Microcontroller that I’m using sees the sensors and/or displays that I plan to use. Sometimes, the jumper wires don’t quite make good contact in the breadboard. This isn’t all that unusual. To do this, I have created a small program (top right) that I keep on the Pico.** | Whenever I work on a project that uses I2C devices, the first thing I do is to make sure that the Microcontroller that I’m using sees the sensors and/or displays that I plan to use. Sometimes, the jumper wires don’t quite make good contact in the breadboard. This isn’t all that unusual. To do this, I have created a small program (top right) that I keep on the Pico.** | ||
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+ | Comme vous pouvez le voir sur le schéma de câblage présenté à gauche, il n'y a que 4 fils nécessaires pour chaque dispositif et ils utilisent tous les mêmes points de connexion sur la plaque d' | ||
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+ | J'ai essayé de rendre les couleurs des fils conformes aux conventions « normales ». Rouge pour la tension positive, noir pour la terre, blanc pour les données et jaune pour les signaux d' | ||
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+ | Chaque fois que je travaille sur un projet qui utilise des périphériques I2C, la première chose que je fais est de m' | ||
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**The first thing is to import the machine library from MicroPython. In this program, I assign the I2C pins right away. Since I’m going to be using the I2C buss 0, I’m using GP8 pin (physical pin 11) for the data line (SDA) and the GP9 pin (physical pin 12) for the clock line (SCL). Next, I define the actual buss and create the i2c object. | **The first thing is to import the machine library from MicroPython. In this program, I assign the I2C pins right away. Since I’m going to be using the I2C buss 0, I’m using GP8 pin (physical pin 11) for the data line (SDA) and the GP9 pin (physical pin 12) for the clock line (SCL). Next, I define the actual buss and create the i2c object. | ||
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0x77 | 0x77 | ||
>>> | >>> | ||
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+ | La première chose à faire est d' | ||
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+ | Ensuite, j' | ||
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+ | Lorsque je l' | ||
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+ | MicroPython v1.14 on 2021-03-24; Raspberry Pi Pico with RP2040 | ||
+ | Type " | ||
+ | >>> | ||
+ | 0x39 | ||
+ | 0x3c | ||
+ | 0x77 | ||
+ | >>> | ||
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**So what do the returned numbers mean? Each of the numbers represent the I2C address for each device on the buss that was found. For this run, the addresses represent the following devices (see image below) | **So what do the returned numbers mean? Each of the numbers represent the I2C address for each device on the buss that was found. For this run, the addresses represent the following devices (see image below) | ||
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0x55 | 0x55 | ||
>>> | >>> | ||
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+ | Alors, que signifient les nombres retournés ? Chacun des nombres représente l' | ||
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+ | En ce moment, vous vous demandez probablement pourquoi j'ai aussi un capteur de luminosité TSL2561 sur le bus. C'est parce que la carte d' | ||
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+ | Un certain nombre de personnes à qui j'ai parlé ont un BMP180 et un BMP280. Et les deux sont très similaires en apparence. Cela entraîne une grande confusion, car la bibliothèque de pilotes pour le BMP180 ne fonctionnera pas avec le BMP280, et vice versa. Afin de combattre cette confusion, vous pouvez vérifier quel périphérique vous utilisez en effectuant une simple vérification REPL en lisant l' | ||
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+ | >>> | ||
+ | >>> | ||
+ | >>> | ||
+ | 85 | ||
+ | >>> | ||
+ | 0x55 | ||
+ | >>> | ||
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**If you are paying close attention to the code that I’ve presented so far, you will notice a difference in the way that I’m creating the i2c object. The method that I presented in the i2cscan program is the “official” way of doing it. The one that I present in the memory-read way is a somewhat newer way and is much easier. I have a tendency to use the second way, since it uses all of the defaults without having to explicitly define each parameter. I presented the first, so you know the “proper” way, and if you need to change the pin assignments or modify the frequency of the buss up or down, you already have the information. | **If you are paying close attention to the code that I’ve presented so far, you will notice a difference in the way that I’m creating the i2c object. The method that I presented in the i2cscan program is the “official” way of doing it. The one that I present in the memory-read way is a somewhat newer way and is much easier. I have a tendency to use the second way, since it uses all of the defaults without having to explicitly define each parameter. I presented the first, so you know the “proper” way, and if you need to change the pin assignments or modify the frequency of the buss up or down, you already have the information. | ||
Now that we have verified the existence of the sensor and display, and have everything wired up, let’s get into the code (top right). Download the three files (bmp180.py, BMP180-OLED.py and ssd1306.py) from my github repository (see below) to your local computer. Then you will need to copy the file “bmp180.py” and “ssd1306.py” onto your Pico. You can use the File|Save Copy function in Thonny. The driver libraries have to be on the Pico. While you can run the actual program from your local computer, I suggest that you copy it to the Pico as well, just to keep everything together.** | Now that we have verified the existence of the sensor and display, and have everything wired up, let’s get into the code (top right). Download the three files (bmp180.py, BMP180-OLED.py and ssd1306.py) from my github repository (see below) to your local computer. Then you will need to copy the file “bmp180.py” and “ssd1306.py” onto your Pico. You can use the File|Save Copy function in Thonny. The driver libraries have to be on the Pico. While you can run the actual program from your local computer, I suggest that you copy it to the Pico as well, just to keep everything together.** | ||
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+ | Si vous accordez une attention soutenue au code que j'ai présenté jusqu' | ||
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+ | Maintenant que nous avons vérifié l' | ||
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**As with any of our Python files, you need to start with the imports that are needed for the program (bottom right). Next, we will set the width and height of our OLED display device. | **As with any of our Python files, you need to start with the imports that are needed for the program (bottom right). Next, we will set the width and height of our OLED display device. | ||
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bmp180.baseline = 102032 | bmp180.baseline = 102032 | ||
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+ | Comme pour tous nos fichiers Python, il faut commencer par les importations nécessaires au programme (en bas à droite). Ensuite, nous allons définir la largeur et la hauteur de notre dispositif d' | ||
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+ | Les trois lignes suivantes concernent la configuration du capteur BMP180. La ligne qui est commentée est la ligne de base « par défaut » pour le capteur barométrique. Je l'ai modifiée pour l' | ||
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+ | bmp180.oversample_sett = 2 | ||
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+ | # bmp180.baseline = 101325 | ||
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+ | bmp180.baseline = 102032 # Modifié pour ma localisation au Texas | ||
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**At this point, we’ll clear the OLED display. The .fill(0) command sets all the pixels to 0, which is off or black. Then we’ll set some text starting at column 5, row 5 of the display. We must use the .show() method to actually display the changes. This line will stay the same throughout the run of the program. | **At this point, we’ll clear the OLED display. The .fill(0) command sets all the pixels to 0, which is off or black. Then we’ll set some text starting at column 5, row 5 of the display. We must use the .show() method to actually display the changes. This line will stay the same throughout the run of the program. | ||
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We will now create a “forever” loop (next page, top right) that gets the temperature, | We will now create a “forever” loop (next page, top right) that gets the temperature, | ||
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+ | À ce stade, nous allons effacer l' | ||
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+ | # Effacer l' | ||
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+ | oled.fill(0) | ||
+ | |||
+ | # Envoyer l' | ||
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+ | oled.text(" | ||
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+ | oled.show() | ||
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+ | Nous allons maintenant créer une boucle « infinie » (page suivante, en haut à droite) qui récupère les valeurs de température, | ||
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**Since I don’t do metric very well without having to do a lot of thinking, I’ve added a few lines to deal with the conversions for me. The tempf is the Fahrenheit value from the Celsius value. The variable p is the base pressure reported by the BMP180, which I convert to inches of mercury from the default hectoPascals (hPa). If you want a different output unit of measure, you can again refer to the above mentioned web site. Finally (bottom right), I convert the altitude from meters to feet. Notice that this value seems to change quite a bit, but for our purposes it is close enough. | **Since I don’t do metric very well without having to do a lot of thinking, I’ve added a few lines to deal with the conversions for me. The tempf is the Fahrenheit value from the Celsius value. The variable p is the base pressure reported by the BMP180, which I convert to inches of mercury from the default hectoPascals (hPa). If you want a different output unit of measure, you can again refer to the above mentioned web site. Finally (bottom right), I convert the altitude from meters to feet. Notice that this value seems to change quite a bit, but for our purposes it is close enough. | ||
The last few lines of the program provide the output. We print to the REPL terminal the four values Temperature Celsius, Temperature Fahrenheit, Barometric Pressure, and Altitude. It would be much easier if MicroPython supported the Python f-strings, but we live with what we can get. You will notice that there are two lines that output to the OLED display that are very similar. The first prints the temperature at column 5, row 23 and the second prints the same thing in black (with the last parameter as 0), which erases the text after the sleep interval of 2 seconds. With a bit of experimentation, | The last few lines of the program provide the output. We print to the REPL terminal the four values Temperature Celsius, Temperature Fahrenheit, Barometric Pressure, and Altitude. It would be much easier if MicroPython supported the Python f-strings, but we live with what we can get. You will notice that there are two lines that output to the OLED display that are very similar. The first prints the temperature at column 5, row 23 and the second prints the same thing in black (with the last parameter as 0), which erases the text after the sleep interval of 2 seconds. With a bit of experimentation, | ||
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+ | Comme je ne suis pas très doué pour le système métrique sans avoir à réfléchir longuement, j'ai ajouté quelques lignes pour gérer les conversions à ma place. La tempf est la valeur Fahrenheit tirée de la valeur Celsius. La variable p est la pression de base rapportée par le BMP180, que je convertis en pouces de mercure à partir des hectoPascals (hPa) par défaut. Si vous souhaitez une unité de mesure de sortie différente, | ||
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+ | Les dernières lignes du programme fournissent la sortie. Nous imprimons sur le terminal REPL les quatre valeurs suivantes : température Celsius, température Fahrenheit, pression barométrique et altitude. Ce serait beaucoup plus facile si MicroPython supportait les f-strings de Python, mais nous faisons avec ce que nous pouvons obtenir. Vous remarquerez qu'il y a deux lignes qui sortent sur l' | ||
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**Your output in Thonny should look something like this… | **Your output in Thonny should look something like this… | ||
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I’ve been really busy testing various sensors and displays that I have on the Pico. I created a list of the sensors that I tested and where I got the driver libraries, since I seem to get a number of questions from people just starting with the Pico. All of these are 3.3volt compliant, and safe to use directly with the RPi Pico. Here is a list of some of the ones that I have verified and a link to the working driver library, where possible, along with any notes that I made during testing…** | I’ve been really busy testing various sensors and displays that I have on the Pico. I created a list of the sensors that I tested and where I got the driver libraries, since I seem to get a number of questions from people just starting with the Pico. All of these are 3.3volt compliant, and safe to use directly with the RPi Pico. Here is a list of some of the ones that I have verified and a link to the working driver library, where possible, along with any notes that I made during testing…** | ||
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+ | Votre sortie dans Thonny devrait ressembler à ceci : | ||
+ | |||
+ | Temp: 23.78C TempF: 74.80 Pressure: 29.78 Altitude 929.1451 | ||
+ | Temp: 23.78C TempF: 74.80 Pressure: 29.78 Altitude 931.2545 | ||
+ | Temp: 23.79C TempF: 74.82 Pressure: 29.78 Altitude 930.3514 | ||
+ | Temp: 23.79C TempF: 74.82 Pressure: 29.78 Altitude 928.817 | ||
+ | Temp: 23.79C TempF: 74.82 Pressure: 29.78 Altitude 928.817 | ||
+ | Temp: 23.79C TempF: 74.82 Pressure: 29.78 Altitude 929.2014 | ||
+ | Temp: 23.80C TempF: 74.84 Pressure: 29.78 Altitude 928.2951 | ||
+ | Temp: 23.80C TempF: 74.84 Pressure: 29.78 Altitude 930.7858 | ||
+ | Temp: 23.81C TempF: 74.85 Pressure: 29.78 Altitude 930.4326 | ||
+ | ... | ||
+ | |||
+ | Affichages et capteurs connus pour le RPi Pico | ||
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+ | J'ai été très occupé à tester les différents capteurs et écrans que j'ai sur le Pico. J'ai créé une liste des capteurs que j'ai testés et de l' | ||
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**LSM303DLHC - Acceelerometer + Magnetometer - https:// | **LSM303DLHC - Acceelerometer + Magnetometer - https:// | ||
Ligne 122: | Ligne 243: | ||
TSL2561 - Lux Sensor | TSL2561 - Lux Sensor | ||
Works but unsure of values** | Works but unsure of values** | ||
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+ | LSM303DLHC - Acceeleromètre + Magnetomètre - https:// | ||
+ | (Fonctionne, | ||
+ | | ||
+ | Si7021 - Capteur de température/ | ||
+ | Nécessite une petite modification - https:// | ||
+ | | ||
+ | BMP180 - Capteur de température/ | ||
+ | https:// | ||
+ | (Vous devez commenter la ligne 47 du driver self._bmp_i2c.start() pour qu'il fonctionne sur le Pico). | ||
+ | Ou vous pouvez le trouver déjà modifié à https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | DHT22 - Température/ | ||
+ | https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | TSL2561 - Capteur de luminosité | ||
+ | Fonctionne mais pas sûr des valeurs. | ||
+ | |||
**IR-08H - Works, but not very sensitive. May need to be calibrated. | **IR-08H - Works, but not very sensitive. May need to be calibrated. | ||
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I will try to set up pages on my github repository for each of these (one has already been done) as time allows.** | I will try to set up pages on my github repository for each of these (one has already been done) as time allows.** | ||
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+ | IR-08H - Fonctionne, mais n'est pas très sensible. Peut avoir besoin d' | ||
+ | http:// | ||
+ | Mon brochage - Enable, VCC Out, Gnd | ||
+ | |||
+ | OLED1306 - Écran OLED avec modes 128x32 et 128x64 | ||
+ | https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | LCM1602 - 16x2 LCD I2C | ||
+ | https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ESP-01 - WiFi - Se connecte au routeur du réseau local, mais ne peut pas aller au-delà. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Afficheur LCD 16x2 3 volts | ||
+ | https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | Je vais essayer de mettre en place des pages sur mon dépôt github pour chacun d' | ||
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You can also check out Tom’s Hardware website, which has multiple postings about the Pico, as well as the Raspberry Pi and other Microcontrollers - https:// | You can also check out Tom’s Hardware website, which has multiple postings about the Pico, as well as the Raspberry Pi and other Microcontrollers - https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sites Web intéressants sur les microcontrôleurs (basés sur le Pico) | ||
+ | |||
+ | Je voulais vous fournir quelques liens vers des sites web intéressants qui ont des informations et des projets sur le RPi Pico. | ||
+ | |||
+ | https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | Vous pouvez également consulter le site Tom's Hardware, qui contient de nombreux articles sur le Pico, ainsi que sur le Raspberry Pi et d' | ||
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**Looking to the future | **Looking to the future | ||
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Until next time, as always; stay safe, healthy, positive and creative!** | Until next time, as always; stay safe, healthy, positive and creative!** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Envisager l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dans les mois à venir, je parlerai de CircuitPython sur le RPi Pico, du Sparkfun ESP32 Thing Plus, du NodeMCU ESP8266, de divers contrôleurs et afficheurs, de la connexion du RPi Pico à un « broker » MQTT sur votre réseau ou sur Internet, et de bien d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Vous pouvez trouver tout le code et les images de cet article sur mon dépôt github : | ||
+ | https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | Jusqu' | ||
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issue168/micro.1620196201.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2021/05/05 08:30 de d52fr