issue169:critique1
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issue169:critique1 [2021/06/01 07:46] – créée d52fr | issue169:critique1 [2021/06/02 23:47] (Version actuelle) – d52fr | ||
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- | Ubuntu 21.04 is the middle release of three “standard” releases on the road to the next long term support release. This 22 April, 2021 release is the second step towards Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, the next long term support version, due out in April, 2022. | + | **Ubuntu 21.04 is the middle release of three “standard” releases on the road to the next long term support release. This 22 April, 2021 release is the second step towards Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, the next long term support version, due out in April, 2022. |
- | Ubuntu 21.04 is the 34th version of Ubuntu and the eighth one since the move to the Gnome 3 desktop with Gnome Shell. This release is supported for nine months, until January, 2022. | + | Ubuntu 21.04 is the 34th version of Ubuntu and the eighth one since the move to the Gnome 3 desktop with Gnome Shell. This release is supported for nine months, until January, 2022.** |
- | Installation | + | Ubuntu 21.04 est la deuxième publication de trois versions « standards », |
+ | |||
+ | Ubuntu 21.04 est la 34ème version d’Ubuntu et la 8ème depuis l’adoption du bureau Gnome 3 avec Gnome Shell. Cette version est supportée pendant neuf mois, jusqu’en janvier 2022. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Installation | ||
I downloaded Ubuntu 21.04 via bit torrent, did a SHA256 sum test on it to make sure it was downloaded correctly and then used UNetbootin to write it to a USB drive for testing. | I downloaded Ubuntu 21.04 via bit torrent, did a SHA256 sum test on it to make sure it was downloaded correctly and then used UNetbootin to write it to a USB drive for testing. | ||
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This version does not do a file system test on boot-up from a USB drive, not even as an option, which is unusual and may be related to the use of Wayland by default in this release. | This version does not do a file system test on boot-up from a USB drive, not even as an option, which is unusual and may be related to the use of Wayland by default in this release. | ||
- | When running from the USB stick, Ubuntu 21.04 runs fast and smoothly. Ubuntu continues to use a highly modified form of the Gnome Shell that looks and works much like the old Unity interface did. The application windows even have minimize and maximize buttons added, which Gnome otherwise removed. The desktop has a slim top bar with the date and time, along with other key controls. In a lot of ways, the degree of modification required does show how much functionality is lacking in Gnome that needs addressing to create an efficient desktop. | + | When running from the USB stick, Ubuntu 21.04 runs fast and smoothly. Ubuntu continues to use a highly modified form of the Gnome Shell that looks and works much like the old Unity interface did. The application windows even have minimize and maximize buttons added, which Gnome otherwise removed. The desktop has a slim top bar with the date and time, along with other key controls. In a lot of ways, the degree of modification required does show how much functionality is lacking in Gnome that needs addressing to create an efficient desktop.** |
- | System Requirements | + | Installation |
+ | |||
+ | J’ai téléchargé Ubuntu 21.04 via Bit Torrent, fait une somme de contrôle SHA256 dessus pour m’assurer que le téléchargement se soit bien passé, puis j’ai utilisé UNetbootin pour l’écrire sur une clé USB pour le tester. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Cette version ne fait pas de test du système de fichiers pendant le démarrage à partir d'une clé USB, même pas en option, ce qui est inhabituel et pourrait être lié à l’utilisation par défaut de Wayland dans cette version. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Utilisé en Live à partir de la clé USB, Ubuntu 21.04 s’exécute rapidement et fluidement. Ubuntu utilise toujours une forme très modifiée du Gnome Shell qui ressemble à, et fonctionne comme, la vieille interface Unity. Les fenêtres des applications ont même des boutons pour les minimiser et maximiser, des boutons que Gnome avait enlevés. La barre du haut du bureau est mince et contient la date et l’heure avec d’autres contrôles-clé. De pas mal de façons, la quantité de modifications requise montre bel et bien combien de fonctionnalités manquent à Gnome ; celles-ci doivent être ajoutées pour créer un bureau efficace. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **System Requirements | ||
The recommended minimum system requirements for Ubuntu 21.04 have not changed since 20.04 LTS and remain: | The recommended minimum system requirements for Ubuntu 21.04 have not changed since 20.04 LTS and remain: | ||
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• Screen capable of 1024x768 pixel screen resolution. | • Screen capable of 1024x768 pixel screen resolution. | ||
• Either a CD/DVD drive or a USB port for the installation media. | • Either a CD/DVD drive or a USB port for the installation media. | ||
- | • Internet access is useful, but not essential. | + | • Internet access is useful, but not essential.** |
- | New | + | Configuration requise |
+ | |||
+ | La configuration minimum recommandée requise pour Ubuntu 21.04 n’a pas changé depuis la 20.04 LTS et reste toujours : | ||
+ | ••Un processeur à double cœur et à 2 GHz. | ||
+ | ••4 Go de RAM. | ||
+ | ••25 Go d’espace disque, clé USB, carte mémoire ou espace disque externe. | ||
+ | ••Un écran acceptant une résolution de 1024 x 768 pixels. | ||
+ | ••Soit un lecteur de CD/DVD, soit un port USB pour le média d’installation. | ||
+ | ••L’accès à l’Internet est utile, sans être essentiel. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **New | ||
The first thing you will see on boot-up is the hippopotamus themed wallpaper, since this release is Hirsute Hippo. The wallpaper is very, very dark. The number of alternate wallpapers has been cut down to a bare minimum of four this time, all of them with hippopotamus graphics or photos. If you don’t want a hippopotamus on your desktop, there is always the option of using your own choice of wallpaper instead. | The first thing you will see on boot-up is the hippopotamus themed wallpaper, since this release is Hirsute Hippo. The wallpaper is very, very dark. The number of alternate wallpapers has been cut down to a bare minimum of four this time, all of them with hippopotamus graphics or photos. If you don’t want a hippopotamus on your desktop, there is always the option of using your own choice of wallpaper instead. | ||
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Other than new wallpaper, this version of Ubuntu does not introduce many new user interface changes and instead focuses on hardware support through a new version of the Linux kernel, version 5.11. | Other than new wallpaper, this version of Ubuntu does not introduce many new user interface changes and instead focuses on hardware support through a new version of the Linux kernel, version 5.11. | ||
- | Linux 5.11 includes support for Intel Rocketlake and DG1 graphics, as well as AMD Vangogh, Green Sardine, and Dimgrey Cavefish graphics, along with many other enhancements. It is worth noting that Ubuntu Server 21.04 has lots that is new, and that seems to be where a lot of the development work is being focused these days. | + | Linux 5.11 includes support for Intel Rocketlake and DG1 graphics, as well as AMD Vangogh, Green Sardine, and Dimgrey Cavefish graphics, along with many other enhancements. It is worth noting that Ubuntu Server 21.04 has lots that is new, and that seems to be where a lot of the development work is being focused these days.** |
+ | |||
+ | Nouveautés | ||
+ | |||
+ | Après le démarrage, la première chose que vous verrez est le fond d’écran avec un hippopotame pour thème, puisque cette version s’appelle Hirsute Hippo. Ce papier peint est très, très sombre. Le nombre de fonds d’écran est réduit au minimum – seulement quatre cette fois-ci, tous avec des graphismes ou des photos d’hippopotame. Si vous ne voulez pas un hippopotame sur votre bureau, vous avez toujours la possibilité de choisir un autre papier peint à la place. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Outre les nouveaux fonds d’écran, cette version d’Ubuntu n’introduit pas beaucoup de modifications dans l’interface utilisateur et se concentre plutôt sur le support du matériel en utilisant une nouvelle version du noyau Linux, la 5.11. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Linux 5.11 contient du support pour les étages graphiques Rocketlake et DG1 d’Intel, ainsi que ceux d'AMD, Vangogh, Green Sardine et Dimgrey Cavefish, avec plein d’autres améliorations. Il convient de noter que Ubuntu Server 21.04 contient beaucoup de nouveautés et il semblerait que ce soit dans ce domaine qu’une grande partie du travail de développement se concentre actuellement. | ||
- | This release does have a few new items for desktop users, however, including an implementation of the Wayland display server protocol by default, in place of X11, something that has been many years coming. Wayland should run automatically on all hardware, except those using Nvidia graphics cards, which will still default to X11. Wayland does seem to run seamlessly and should give improved performance over X11. | + | **This release does have a few new items for desktop users, however, including an implementation of the Wayland display server protocol by default, in place of X11, something that has been many years coming. Wayland should run automatically on all hardware, except those using Nvidia graphics cards, which will still default to X11. Wayland does seem to run seamlessly and should give improved performance over X11. |
Proper drag-and-drop functionality between the file manager and the desktop has also been restored and works well. It was deleted in Gnome 3.28 and many users were not happy with that as it limited the user's choice of how to make use of their desktop. | Proper drag-and-drop functionality between the file manager and the desktop has also been restored and works well. It was deleted in Gnome 3.28 and many users were not happy with that as it limited the user's choice of how to make use of their desktop. | ||
- | Ubuntu 21.04 has updated developer tools, too, including GCC 10.3.0, binutils 2.36.1, glibc 2.33, Python 3.9.4, Perl 5.32.1, LLVM 12, golang 1.16, rustc 1.50, Ruby 2.7.2, and OpenJDK 11, with OpenJDK 16 provided, but not used for package builds. These are all features that most regular desktop users will not notice much in daily use. | + | Ubuntu 21.04 has updated developer tools, too, including GCC 10.3.0, binutils 2.36.1, glibc 2.33, Python 3.9.4, Perl 5.32.1, LLVM 12, golang 1.16, rustc 1.50, Ruby 2.7.2, and OpenJDK 11, with OpenJDK 16 provided, but not used for package builds. These are all features that most regular desktop users will not notice much in daily use.** |
- | Ubuntu 21.04 includes one new default application, LibreOffice Math, the math formula writer that was omitted in Ubuntu 20.10. I am not sure many desktop users will notice the addition, however, as this is probably the least used LibreOffice component. | + | Toutefois, cette publication a quelques nouveaux éléments pour les utilisateurs de Desktop, y compris une implémentation du protocole du serveur d’affichage Wayland par défaut, à la place de X11, quelque chose qui est attendu depuis pas mal d’années. Wayland devrait tourner automatiquement sur tout matériel, sauf les ordinateurs avec des cartes graphiques Nvidia, qui utiliseront X11 par défaut. Wayland semble être sans problème et sa performance devrait être améliorée par rapport à X11. |
- | One thing that is not new is the current Gnome version, Gnome 40. Yes, that is a whole new version numbering scheme for Gnome, for some reason. All you need to know is that Gnome 40 is the version that follows | + | La fonctionnalité de glisser/ |
- | Settings | + | Ubuntu 21.04 a aussi mis à jour des outils de développeur, |
- | Other than the meager choice of wallpaper, user setting choices on Ubuntu 21.04 are as limited as in other recent Ubuntu releases. Ubuntu really feels like it is aimed at “enterprise” environments more than home users, and I was not surprised to see it in use in a local medical office a few years back. This sort of office priority doesn’t seem to require a lot of user customization and so, for instance, there are only three window themes: light, standard, and dark. Dark is really dark, too, especially when used with the really dark default wallpaper. Some of the general menus now use default dark backgrounds as well. I am sure fans of dark themes | + | **Ubuntu 21.04 includes one new default application, LibreOffice Math, the math formula writer that was omitted |
- | The application launcher bar allows some degree of customization. By default it is on the left, but it can be set to the bottom or right of the screen, but not to the top – where it would conflict with the menus displayed there. The launcher icons can be adjusted in size, larger or smaller, as well, which is useful for some hardware, like touchscreens. | + | One thing that is not new is the current Gnome version, Gnome 40. Yes, that is a whole new version numbering scheme for Gnome, for some reason. All you need to know is that Gnome 40 is the version that follows 3.38. Due to a multitude of concerns that the Ubuntu developers have with Gnome 40, they have stuck with Gnome 3.38, at least for now. Only a few individual applications have been upgraded to their Gnome 40 versions, like the Document Viewer (Evince) and Gnome Disks.** |
+ | |||
+ | Ubuntu 21.04 contient une nouvelle application par défaut : LibreOffice Math, pour l’écriture de formules mathématiques, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Une chose qui n’est pas nouvelle est l’actuelle version de Gnome, Gnome 40. Oui, il y a une toute nouvelle version du schéma de numérotation pour Gnome, pour une raison quelconque. Tout ce qu’il faut savoir est que Gnome 40 est la version qui suit la 3.38. Parce que Gnome 40 préoccupe les développeurs d’Ubuntu, ils sont restés avec Gnome 3.38, du moins pour l’instant. Seulement quelques applications individuelles sont mises à jour à leurs versions Gnome 40, comme le Visionneur de documents (Evince) et Gnome Disks. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Settings | ||
+ | |||
+ | Other than the meager choice of wallpaper, user setting choices on Ubuntu 21.04 are as limited as in other recent Ubuntu releases. Ubuntu really feels like it is aimed at “enterprise” environments more than home users, and I was not surprised to see it in use in a local medical office a few years back. This sort of office priority doesn’t seem to require a lot of user customization and so, for instance, there are only three window themes: light, standard, and dark. Dark is really dark, too, especially when used with the really dark default wallpaper. Some of the general menus now use default dark backgrounds as well. I am sure fans of dark themes will approve. The light theme is the only one that gives any differentiation between active and inactive windows, though.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Paramètres | ||
+ | |||
+ | Outre le pauvre choix des papiers peints, les choix de l’utilisateur pour paramétrer Ubuntu 21.04 sont aussi limités que dans d’autres publications récentes d’Ubuntu. Ubuntu donne vraiment l’impression qu’il cible les environnements « entreprise » plus que les utilisateurs domestiques et je n’étais pas surpris de le voir utilisé dans un cabinet médical local il y a quelques années. Ce type de priorité au travail ne semble pas nécessiter beaucoup de personnalisation par utilisateur ; | ||
+ | |||
+ | **The application launcher bar allows some degree of customization. By default it is on the left, but it can be set to the bottom or right of the screen, but not to the top – where it would conflict with the menus displayed there. The launcher icons can be adjusted in size, larger or smaller, as well, which is useful for some hardware, like touchscreens. | ||
Overall people coming from distributions like Kubuntu, which has thousands of settings, will not be happy with Ubuntu these days with its very limited user choices. Users used to Macs or Windows will probably find it fine, though. | Overall people coming from distributions like Kubuntu, which has thousands of settings, will not be happy with Ubuntu these days with its very limited user choices. Users used to Macs or Windows will probably find it fine, though. | ||
- | One thing that is worth mentioning is the Ubuntu settings menu, which is excellent. It gathers all the user settings into one place, in a simple and logical format that allows paging through it and easily customizing your installation. It remains probably the best settings menu in the Linux world. | + | One thing that is worth mentioning is the Ubuntu settings menu, which is excellent. It gathers all the user settings into one place, in a simple and logical format that allows paging through it and easily customizing your installation. It remains probably the best settings menu in the Linux world.** |
- | Applications | + | Le lanceur d’applications permet un peu de personnalisation. Par défaut, cette barre se trouve à gauche, mais on peut la mettre en bas ou sur la droite de l’écran, mais pas en haut, où il interférerait avec les menus qui y sont affichés. La taille des icônes du lanceur peut également être ajustée, plus grande ou plus petite, ce qui est utile pour quelques matériels, comme des écrans tactiles. |
+ | |||
+ | Globalement, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Une chose qu’il convient de noter est le menu des paramètres d’Ubuntu, qui est excellent. Il rassemble tous les paramètres utilisateur dans un seul endroit, avec un format simple et logique qui permet de le parcourir et de personnaliser votre installation facilement. Il reste, probablement, | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Applications | ||
Some of the applications included with Ubuntu 21.04 are: | Some of the applications included with Ubuntu 21.04 are: | ||
- | • Cheese 3.38.0 webcam application* | + | ••Cheese 3.38.0 webcam application* |
- | • CUPS 2.3.3 printing system* | + | ••CUPS 2.3.3 printing system* |
- | • Document Viewer (Evince) 40.1 PDF viewer | + | ••Document Viewer (Evince) 40.1 PDF viewer |
- | • Document Scanner (Simple Scan) 3.38.1 optical scanner | + | ••Document Scanner (Simple Scan) 3.38.1 optical scanner |
- | • Files (Nautilus) 3.38.2 file manager | + | ••Files (Nautilus) 3.38.2 file manager |
- | • Firefox 87.0 web browser | + | ••Firefox 87.0 web browser |
- | • Gnome Calendar 3.38.2 desktop calendar | + | ••Gnome Calendar 3.38.2 desktop calendar |
- | • Gnome Disks 40.0 disk manager | + | ••Gnome Disks 40.0 disk manager |
- | • Gnome Terminal 3.38.1 terminal emulator | + | ••Gnome Terminal 3.38.1 terminal emulator |
- | • Gparted 1.1.0 partition editor | + | ••Gparted 1.1.0 partition editor |
- | • Image Viewer (Eye of Gnome) 40.0 image viewer | + | ••Image Viewer (Eye of Gnome) 40.0 image viewer |
• LibreOffice 7.1.2 office suite | • LibreOffice 7.1.2 office suite | ||
• PulseAudio 14.2 audio controller | • PulseAudio 14.2 audio controller | ||
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• Videos (Totem) 3.38.0 movie player* | • Videos (Totem) 3.38.0 movie player* | ||
- | * indicates same application version as used in Ubuntu 20.10 | + | * indicates same application version as used in Ubuntu 20.10** |
- | As in all recent versions of Ubuntu, there is a webcam application, | + | Applications |
+ | |||
+ | Quelques-unes des applications comprises dans Ubuntu 21.04 sont : | ||
+ | |||
+ | ••Cheese 3.38.0 application webcam* | ||
+ | ••CUPS 2.3.3 système d’impression* | ||
+ | ••Document Viewer (Evince) 40.1 visionneur de PDF | ||
+ | ••Document Scanner (Simple Scan) 3.38.1 scanner optique | ||
+ | ••Files (Nautilus) 3.38.2 gestionnaire de fichiers | ||
+ | ••Firefox 87.0 navigateur Web | ||
+ | ••Gnome Calendar 3.38.2 calendrier de bureau | ||
+ | ••Gnome Disks 40.0 gestionnaire de disques | ||
+ | ••Gnome Terminal 3.38.1 émulateur de terminal | ||
+ | ••Gparted 1.1.0 éditeur de partitions | ||
+ | ••Image Viewer (Eye of Gnome) 40.0 visionneur d’images | ||
+ | ••LibreOffice 7.1.2 suite bureautique | ||
+ | ••PulseAudio 14.2 contrôleur audio | ||
+ | ••Remmina 1.4.11 client bureau à distance | ||
+ | ••Rhythmbox 3.4.4 lecteur de musique* | ||
+ | ••Shotwell 0.30.11 gestionnaire de photos | ||
+ | ••Startup Disk Creator 0.3.9 (usb-creator-gtk) graveur d’ISO sur USB | ||
+ | ••Text Editor (gedit) 3.38.1 éditeur de texte | ||
+ | ••Thunderbird 78.8.1 client mail | ||
+ | ••Transmission 3.00 client bittorrent* | ||
+ | ••Ubuntu Software (Gnome Software) 3.38.1 système de gestion de paquets | ||
+ | ••Videos (Totem) 3.38.0 lecteur vidéo* | ||
+ | |||
+ | * indique la même version de l’application utilisée dans Ubuntu 20.10 | ||
+ | |||
+ | **As in all recent versions of Ubuntu, there is a webcam application, | ||
The LibreOffice 7.1.2 office suite is now complete, except for LibreOffice Base, the database application, | The LibreOffice 7.1.2 office suite is now complete, except for LibreOffice Base, the database application, | ||
- | The default Text Editor (gedit) 3.38.1 now has two additional choices of syntax highlighting schemes added, bringing the total to nine, including three dark themes. | + | The default Text Editor (gedit) 3.38.1 now has two additional choices of syntax highlighting schemes added, bringing the total to nine, including three dark themes.** |
- | As I have noted before, Files (Nautilus), the Gnome file manager, remains the weakest link in the desktop, missing obvious functionality, like an “up one level” button, ever since it was subject to an overzealous Gnome simplification drive a few years back. The good news is that it is easily replaced with a better file manager, like Nemo, for instance. | + | Comme dans toutes les versions récentes d’Ubuntu, il y a une application Webcam, Cheese, mais aucune application de graveur de CD/DVD. C’est logique, car, depuis pas mal d’années maintenant, les ordinateurs portables et de bureau sont livrés avec une caméra, mais sans lecteur optique. |
- | Also, as in recent Ubuntu releases, the Ubuntu Software store (Gnome Software) is really just a Snaps-only store. If you like Snap applications, | + | La suite bureautique LibreOffice 7.1.12 est maintenant complète, sauf pour ce qui concerne LibreOffice Base, l’application de base de données, qui peut toujours être ajoutée au besoin. |
- | Conclusions | + | L’éditeur de texte par défaut, Text Editor (gedit) 3.38.1, a maintenant deux choix additionnels de schémas de surlignement de syntaxe, ce qui en fait un total de neuf, y compris trois thèmes sombres. |
+ | |||
+ | **As I have noted before, Files (Nautilus), the Gnome file manager, remains the weakest link in the desktop, missing obvious functionality, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Also, as in recent Ubuntu releases, the Ubuntu Software store (Gnome Software) is really just a Snaps-only store. If you like Snap applications, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Comme je l’ai déjà noté, Files (Nautilus), le gestionnaire de fichiers de Gnome, reste le maillon faible du Desktop, car des fonctionnalités évidentes, comme un bouton « vers le niveau supérieur », | ||
+ | |||
+ | Aussi, comme dans des publications récentes d’Ubuntu, le magasin Ubuntu Software (Gnome Software) est tout simplement un magasin de Snaps. Si vous aimez les applications Snap, vous serez heureux. Si vous les détestez, vous serez malheureux, bien qu’il y ait des façons de les désactiver et de revenir à la place à des paquets .deb bien intégrés au bureau. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Conclusions | ||
Since this is the 34th release, you really expect that the developers would have Ubuntu right by now and they do. In running Ubuntu 21.04, it feels very professional, | Since this is the 34th release, you really expect that the developers would have Ubuntu right by now and they do. In running Ubuntu 21.04, it feels very professional, | ||
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With so little new for desktop users in this release, I suspect most people will keep running 20.04 LTS until 22.04 LTS comes out in April, 2022. With only nine months of support, Ubuntu 21.04 does make much of a case for LTS users to upgrade. | With so little new for desktop users in this release, I suspect most people will keep running 20.04 LTS until 22.04 LTS comes out in April, 2022. With only nine months of support, Ubuntu 21.04 does make much of a case for LTS users to upgrade. | ||
- | When the next release, Ubuntu 21.10, comes out in October 2021, I’ll have a look at that final release before the LTS, and see what has changed. My guess today it will not be much, just small refinements. | + | When the next release, Ubuntu 21.10, comes out in October 2021, I’ll have a look at that final release before the LTS, and see what has changed. My guess today it will not be much, just small refinements.** |
+ | |||
+ | Conclusions | ||
+ | |||
+ | Puisqu’il s’agit de la 34e publication, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Jusqu’à présent dans ce cycle de développement, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Avec si peu de nouveautés dans cette version pour les utilisateurs de Desktop, je pense que la plupart des gens resteront avec la 20.04 LTS jusqu’à la sortie de la 22.04 LTS en avril 2022. Avec seulement neuf mois de support, Ubuntu 21.04 n’incite pas les utilisateurs d’une LTS à faire la mise à niveau. | ||
+ | |||
+ | À la sortie de la prochaine publication, | ||
issue169/critique1.1622526367.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2021/06/01 07:46 de d52fr