issue174:critique1
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Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Prochaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue174:critique1 [2021/10/31 18:29] – créée auntiee | issue174:critique1 [2021/11/04 10:01] (Version actuelle) – auntiee | ||
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- | Ubuntu 21.10 was released on 14 October, 2021. This is the final “standard” release before the next Long Term Support (LTS) version is unveiled on 21 April, 2022 which will complete the development cycle since the last LTS version, Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. | + | **Ubuntu 21.10 was released on 14 October, 2021. This is the final “standard” release before the next Long Term Support (LTS) version is unveiled on 21 April, 2022 which will complete the development cycle since the last LTS version, Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. |
The last two standard releases did not introduce many changes beyond new versions of the Linux kernel, updated applications, | The last two standard releases did not introduce many changes beyond new versions of the Linux kernel, updated applications, | ||
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Ubuntu 21.10 is the 35th Ubuntu release and the ninth one since the interface transitioned from Unity to a modified version of the Gnome Shell. At this point in history, 15 years since the first Ubuntu release, Ubuntu 4.10 Warty Warthog, it is safe to consider Ubuntu as a mature and stable distribution that knows where it is going from release to release. | Ubuntu 21.10 is the 35th Ubuntu release and the ninth one since the interface transitioned from Unity to a modified version of the Gnome Shell. At this point in history, 15 years since the first Ubuntu release, Ubuntu 4.10 Warty Warthog, it is safe to consider Ubuntu as a mature and stable distribution that knows where it is going from release to release. | ||
- | This release is code named Impish Indri. For those users who are not primatologists, | + | This release is code named Impish Indri. For those users who are not primatologists, |
- | Installation | + | Ubuntu 21.10 est sortie le 14 octobre 2021. Il s'agit de la dernière version « standard » avant la sortie de la prochaine version LTS (Long Term Support - Support à long terme) le 21 avril 2022, qui clôturera le cycle de développement depuis la dernière version LTS, Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. |
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+ | Les deux dernières versions standard n'ont pas introduit beaucoup de changements, | ||
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+ | Ubuntu 21.10 est la 35e version d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Cette version porte le nom de code Impish Indri. Pour les utilisateurs qui ne sont pas primatologues, | ||
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+ | |||
+ | **Installation | ||
I did not install Ubuntu 21.10 on my hard drive, but instead tested it from a USB stick, written using UNetbootin, which conveniently leaves the drive in FAT32 format. | I did not install Ubuntu 21.10 on my hard drive, but instead tested it from a USB stick, written using UNetbootin, which conveniently leaves the drive in FAT32 format. | ||
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• Internet connection is useful, but not essential | • Internet connection is useful, but not essential | ||
- | There are indications that this release should run more smoothly and quickly than in the past, due to the new kernel, as well as some fixes and adjustments. That certainly seems to be the case when running it, as it feels light and quick. | + | There are indications that this release should run more smoothly and quickly than in the past, due to the new kernel, as well as some fixes and adjustments. That certainly seems to be the case when running it, as it feels light and quick.** |
- | New | + | Installation |
+ | |||
+ | Je n'ai pas installé Ubuntu 21.10 sur mon disque dur, mais je l'ai testé à partir d'une clé USB, en utilisant UNetbootin, qui laisse commodément la clé au format FAT32. | ||
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+ | Lorsqu' | ||
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+ | Configuration requise | ||
+ | |||
+ | La configuration minimale recommandée pour Ubuntu 21.10 n'a pas changé depuis la version 20.04 LTS et reste celle-ci : | ||
+ | |||
+ | ••Processeur à double cœur 2 GHz | ||
+ | ••4 Go de RAM | ||
+ | ••25 Go d' | ||
+ | ••Un écran avec une résolution minimale de 1024x768 pixels. | ||
+ | ••Un lecteur de CD/DVD ou un port USB pour le support d' | ||
+ | ••Une connexion Internet est utile, mais pas indispensable. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Tout porte à croire que cette version devrait fonctionner de manière plus fluide et plus rapide que par le passé, grâce au nouveau noyau, ainsi qu'à quelques corrections et ajustements. C'est ce qui paraît être le cas lors de son utilisation, | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | **New | ||
This release has made up for the lack of new features in the last two releases and comes just in time to incorporate these into the upcoming spring LTS release. | This release has made up for the lack of new features in the last two releases and comes just in time to incorporate these into the upcoming spring LTS release. | ||
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This release moves to the Gnome 40 desktop but, as in the recent past, a modified version that still looks and works much like the old Unity 7 interface. As always in Ubuntu, the window minimize and maximize buttons that Gnome excludes by default are there, which improves usability a lot. | This release moves to the Gnome 40 desktop but, as in the recent past, a modified version that still looks and works much like the old Unity 7 interface. As always in Ubuntu, the window minimize and maximize buttons that Gnome excludes by default are there, which improves usability a lot. | ||
- | The desktop includes a horizontal-layout application launcher (main menu) that makes better use of screen space and a horizontal workspace switcher, which allows dragging and dropping of windows between workspaces or using the application launcher’s top-displayed thumbnails. Workspaces can move horizontally by use of the mouse scroll wheel or the Page Up/Page Down keys. By default, there are two workspaces. | + | The desktop includes a horizontal-layout application launcher (main menu) that makes better use of screen space and a horizontal workspace switcher, which allows dragging and dropping of windows between workspaces or using the application launcher’s top-displayed thumbnails. Workspaces can move horizontally by use of the mouse scroll wheel or the Page Up/Page Down keys. By default, there are two workspaces.** |
- | The Wayland protocol display server as default was introduced in Ubuntu 21.04 and continues in Ubuntu 21.10. This implementation of Wayland introduces scaled, multi-touch gestures for the workspace switcher, opening the main menu and exiting. The windows and workspaces move as you move: fast or slow. | + | Nouveau |
+ | |||
+ | Cette version a compensé le manque de nouvelles fonctionnalités des deux dernières versions et arrive juste à temps pour les intégrer dans la prochaine version LTS du printemps. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ubuntu 21.10 utilise le noyau Linux 5.13, qui apporte la prise en charge de nombreux nouveaux matériels, notamment les futures puces Intel et AMD, telles que l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Cette version passe au bureau Gnome 40 mais, comme dans un passé récent, il s'agit d'une version modifiée qui ressemble et fonctionne encore beaucoup comme l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le bureau comprend un lanceur d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | **The Wayland protocol display server as default was introduced in Ubuntu 21.04 and continues in Ubuntu 21.10. This implementation of Wayland introduces scaled, multi-touch gestures for the workspace switcher, opening the main menu and exiting. The windows and workspaces move as you move: fast or slow. | ||
The Ubuntu Dock now shows open applications at the bottom and pinned applications at the top, separated by a very subtle divider line. In fact, if it wasn’t pointed out, you might not notice it. Also, the trash can has been moved from the desktop to the dock, leaving a totally clean desktop. | The Ubuntu Dock now shows open applications at the bottom and pinned applications at the top, separated by a very subtle divider line. In fact, if it wasn’t pointed out, you might not notice it. Also, the trash can has been moved from the desktop to the dock, leaving a totally clean desktop. | ||
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Since Ubuntu 20.10, the built-in firewall has been nftables, although it is not turned on by default. That can be accomplished from the command line with UFW or using the graphical GUFW. | Since Ubuntu 20.10, the built-in firewall has been nftables, although it is not turned on by default. That can be accomplished from the command line with UFW or using the graphical GUFW. | ||
- | There are many additional small upgrades and changes incorporated. For instance, the network connector now shows recently used WiFi networks at the top of the list to make them quicker to find and the “settings - about” page shows more hardware information than before, like the computer builder and model. | + | There are many additional small upgrades and changes incorporated. For instance, the network connector now shows recently used WiFi networks at the top of the list to make them quicker to find and the “settings - about” page shows more hardware information than before, like the computer builder and model.** |
- | Settings | + | Le serveur d' |
+ | |||
+ | Le Dock Ubuntu affiche désormais les applications ouvertes en bas et les applications épinglées en haut, séparées par une ligne de séparation très subtile. En fait, si elle n' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Depuis Ubuntu 20.10, le pare-feu intégré est nftables, bien qu'il ne soit pas activé par défaut. Cela peut être fait à partir de la ligne de commande avec UFW ou en utilisant le GUFW graphique. | ||
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+ | Beaucoup d' | ||
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+ | |||
+ | **Settings | ||
Ubuntu has never offered a lot of user customization and Ubuntu 21.10 cuts the choices even thinner. Given that Ubuntu is really aimed at enterprise desktop users these days, this probably makes sense. People who like more choices in how their desktop looks and works will probably have already moved from Ubuntu to another flavor, like Kubuntu which offers a literally bewildering array of user configuration choices. | Ubuntu has never offered a lot of user customization and Ubuntu 21.10 cuts the choices even thinner. Given that Ubuntu is really aimed at enterprise desktop users these days, this probably makes sense. People who like more choices in how their desktop looks and works will probably have already moved from Ubuntu to another flavor, like Kubuntu which offers a literally bewildering array of user configuration choices. | ||
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Recent Ubuntu versions offered three choices of window themes but this release cuts that to just two Yaru themes, light and dark, eliminating the old compromise default “standard” theme which had dark window tops and light backgrounds. | Recent Ubuntu versions offered three choices of window themes but this release cuts that to just two Yaru themes, light and dark, eliminating the old compromise default “standard” theme which had dark window tops and light backgrounds. | ||
- | The wallpaper choice is also reduced to four, including the default “indri” graphic wallpaper in the usual Ubuntu pallet of purple and orange. I will add that at first glance the indri looks an awful lot like a surprised koala. As wallpapers go, it is one of the better designs in recent years. Unlike with the window themes, it is easy to add your own favorite wallpaper if you don’t like the meager offerings. | + | The wallpaper choice is also reduced to four, including the default “indri” graphic wallpaper in the usual Ubuntu pallet of purple and orange. I will add that at first glance the indri looks an awful lot like a surprised koala. As wallpapers go, it is one of the better designs in recent years. Unlike with the window themes, it is easy to add your own favorite wallpaper if you don’t like the meager offerings.** |
- | As in previous Ubuntu releases, the dock bar can be set to the left, right or at the bottom of the screen, but not at the top, as it would conflict with menus on the top bar display there. The dock's icon size can also be adjusted, which changes the dock width. It can be made smaller to free up some more lateral space or bigger for touchscreen use. These can all be adjusted in the settings menu. | + | Paramètres |
- | Ubuntu' | + | Ubuntu |
- | Applications | + | Les versions récentes d' |
+ | |||
+ | Le choix de fonds d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | **As in previous Ubuntu releases, the dock bar can be set to the left, right or at the bottom of the screen, but not at the top, as it would conflict with menus on the top bar display there. The dock's icon size can also be adjusted, which changes the dock width. It can be made smaller to free up some more lateral space or bigger for touchscreen use. These can all be adjusted in the settings menu. | ||
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+ | Ubuntu' | ||
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+ | Comme dans les versions précédentes d' | ||
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+ | Le menu des paramètres unique et unifié d' | ||
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+ | |||
+ | **Applications | ||
Some of the applications included with Ubuntu 21.10 are: | Some of the applications included with Ubuntu 21.10 are: | ||
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* indicates the same application version as used in Ubuntu 21.04. | * indicates the same application version as used in Ubuntu 21.04. | ||
- | As can be seen, the application collection includes a mix of software from Gnome 3.38, 40 and even 41. | + | As can be seen, the application collection includes a mix of software from Gnome 3.38, 40 and even 41.** |
- | Probably the most controversial application change in this release is that Firefox is now a snap package by default, instead of the previous .deb package. This change was actually requested by Mozilla to make their support for Linux easier and Canonical was happy to oblige. At least for Ubuntu 21.10, the .deb package remains available in the repositories and it will receive updates for the life of 21.10, until July 2022. All this means that it looks like snaps are now an unavoidable fact of life for Ubuntu users, despite several tech writers providing instructions on how to ban them from your installation. Mostly snaps make life easier for Linux developers and package managers, and that is not a bad thing. | + | Applications |
- | Snaps do have some advantages, including that applications | + | Certaines des applications |
- | The Ubuntu 21.10 version of LibreOffice is 7.2.1 and it is lacking only LibreOffice Base, the database application. Like Ubuntu 21.04, this release also includes LibreOffice Math, the math formula writer, although I am not sure what the user case is for including it. Does anyone really use this? | + | ••Archive Manager (File Roller) 3.40.0 gestionnaire d' |
+ | ••Cheese 3.38.0 application de webcam* | ||
+ | ••CUPS 2.3.3 système d' | ||
+ | ••Document Viewer (Evince) 40.4 visionneuse PDF | ||
+ | ••Document Scanner (Simple Scan) 40.5 scanner optique | ||
+ | ••Files (Nautilus) 40.2 gestionnaire de fichiers | ||
+ | ••Firefox 93.0 navigateur Web | ||
+ | ••Gnome Calendar 41.0 calendrier de bureau | ||
+ | ••Gnome Disks 41.0 gestionnaire de disques | ||
+ | ••Gnome Terminal 3.38.1 émulateur de terminal* | ||
+ | ••Gparted 1.2.0 éditeur de partitions | ||
+ | ••Image Viewer (Eye of Gnome) 41.0 visionneuse d' | ||
+ | ••LibreOffice 7.2.1 suite bureautique | ||
+ | ••PulseAudio 15.0 contrôleur audio | ||
+ | ••Remmina 1.4.20 client de bureau à distance | ||
+ | ••Rhythmbox 3.4.4 lecteur audio* | ||
+ | ••Shotwell 0.30.11 gestionnaire de photos* | ||
+ | ••Startup Disk Creator 0.3.11 (usb-creator-gtk) graveur d'ISO sur USB | ||
+ | ••Text Editor (gedit) 40.1 éditeur de texte | ||
+ | ••Thunderbird 91.1.2 client mail | ||
+ | ••Transmission 3.00 client bit torrent* | ||
+ | ••Ubuntu Software (Gnome Software) 40.4 système de gestion des paquets | ||
+ | ••Videos (Totem) 3.38.10 lecteur vidéo*. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * indique la même version d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Comme on peut le voir, la collection d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | **Probably the most controversial application change in this release is that Firefox is now a snap package by default, instead of the previous .deb package. This change was actually requested by Mozilla to make their support for Linux easier and Canonical was happy to oblige. At least for Ubuntu 21.10, the .deb package remains available in the repositories and it will receive updates for the life of 21.10, until July 2022. All this means that it looks like snaps are now an unavoidable fact of life for Ubuntu users, despite several tech writers providing instructions on how to ban them from your installation. Mostly snaps make life easier for Linux developers and package managers, and that is not a bad thing. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Snaps do have some advantages, including that applications come with all their needed dependencies packaged together, meaning they should work better. However, one of the main objections to snaps is their slow opening time but, in my testing, Firefox opened initially in four seconds and in subsequent openings in one second, which is fast. It is worth noting that snaps do not follow system themes and that is the case in Ubuntu 21.10, as Firefox only semi-conforms to the chosen light or dark Yaru theme, with a dark window top and then light or dark backgrounds as selected, although it does not look clunky or out of place and integrates well for themes.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le changement d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les snaps présentent certains avantages, notamment le fait que les applications sont livrées avec toutes leurs dépendances nécessaires, | ||
+ | |||
+ | **The Ubuntu 21.10 version of LibreOffice is 7.2.1 and it is lacking only LibreOffice Base, the database application. Like Ubuntu 21.04, this release also includes LibreOffice Math, the math formula writer, although I am not sure what the user case is for including it. Does anyone really use this? | ||
Gnome calendar can now import and open .ics files, the standard calendar export format used by applications like Google Calendar. | Gnome calendar can now import and open .ics files, the standard calendar export format used by applications like Google Calendar. | ||
- | The included PulseAudio 15.0 brings support for both Bluetooth LDAC and AptX codecs and adds HFP Bluetooth profiles, which will give improved audio quality. | + | The included PulseAudio 15.0 brings support for both Bluetooth LDAC and AptX codecs and adds HFP Bluetooth profiles, which will give improved audio quality.** |
- | The latest | + | La version |
- | The gedit 40.1 text editor has syntax highlighting, now with a choice of nine different highlight color schemes, four of which are dark themes. It is notable that gedit includes spell checking and correcting by default (at Shift+F7). The application requires no set-up for tasks such as writing web pages; it is ready to go to work right out-of-the-box. | + | Le calendrier Gnome peut désormais importer et ouvrir des fichiers |
- | Conclusions | + | Le logiciel PulseAudio 15.0 inclus prend en charge les codecs Bluetooth LDAC et AptX et ajoute les profils Bluetooth HFP, ce qui permet d' |
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | **The latest version of the Gnome file manager, Nautilus, has new sorting capabilities and also the file transfer time progress bars have been improved for accuracy. Nautilus' | ||
+ | |||
+ | The gedit 40.1 text editor has syntax highlighting, | ||
+ | |||
+ | La dernière version du gestionnaire de fichiers de Gnome, Nautilus, dispose de nouvelles capacités de tri et les barres de progression du temps de transfert des fichiers ont été améliorées pour plus de précision. La barre d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | L' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Conclusions | ||
Overall 21.10 is another strong Ubuntu and close-to-flawless release with a surprising number of changes after the two previously “minimum change” releases. It has some performance enhancements, | Overall 21.10 is another strong Ubuntu and close-to-flawless release with a surprising number of changes after the two previously “minimum change” releases. It has some performance enhancements, | ||
- | While most Ubuntu desktop users will probably stick with Ubuntu 20.04 LTS until the 22.04 LTS is out on 21 April, 2022, there are some who may be tempted to upgrade to 21.10 to take advantage of the work done like the addition of Wayland and the performance boosts included. Even if you hold out for 22.04 LTS to upgrade, the work done on 21.10 will be incorporated, | + | While most Ubuntu desktop users will probably stick with Ubuntu 20.04 LTS until the 22.04 LTS is out on 21 April, 2022, there are some who may be tempted to upgrade to 21.10 to take advantage of the work done like the addition of Wayland and the performance boosts included. Even if you hold out for 22.04 LTS to upgrade, the work done on 21.10 will be incorporated, |
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+ | Conclusions | ||
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+ | Dans l' | ||
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+ | Si la plupart des utilisateurs d' | ||
issue174/critique1.1635701390.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2021/10/31 18:29 de auntiee