issue187:critique1
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Prochaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue187:critique1 [2022/11/27 08:44] – créée auntiee | issue187:critique1 [2022/11/29 17:22] (Version actuelle) – andre_domenech | ||
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- | It is time to start a new Ubuntu development cycle! This consists of three “interim” releases leading up to the next long term support version, Ubuntu 24.04 LTS, which is due out in April 2024. | + | **It is time to start a new Ubuntu development cycle! This consists of three “interim” releases leading up to the next long term support version, Ubuntu 24.04 LTS, which is due out in April 2024. |
Interim releases are the new official Canonical term for what they used to call “standard” releases. They try out new software and other changes to be incorporated in the LTS release, but are also functional standalone releases that can be used for getting work done. | Interim releases are the new official Canonical term for what they used to call “standard” releases. They try out new software and other changes to be incorporated in the LTS release, but are also functional standalone releases that can be used for getting work done. | ||
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In this cycle, the first interim release is Ubuntu 22.10, which came out on 20 October, 2022. | In this cycle, the first interim release is Ubuntu 22.10, which came out on 20 October, 2022. | ||
- | Ubuntu 22.10 is the 37th version of Ubuntu, and the 11th with the modified Gnome 3 desktop. Like the other recent interim releases, Ubuntu 22.10 is supported for just nine months, until July, 2023. The LTS releases have five years of support, with an optional ten years extended support available. | + | Ubuntu 22.10 is the 37th version of Ubuntu, and the 11th with the modified Gnome 3 desktop. Like the other recent interim releases, Ubuntu 22.10 is supported for just nine months, until July, 2023. The LTS releases have five years of support, with an optional ten years extended support available.** |
+ | |||
+ | Le moment est venu de commencer un nouveau cycle de développement d’Ubuntu ! Celui-ci comporte trois versions « intérimaires » qui mènent à la prochaine version à support à long terme, Ubuntu 24.04 LTS prévue en avril 2024. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les publications intérimaires sont l’appellation officielle nouvelle de Canonical pour ce qu’ils appelaient dans le temps des versions « standards ». Dans ces versions, ils essaient de nouveaux logiciels et d’autres modifications qui seront incorporées dans la version LTS, mais ce sont également des publications autonomes qui peuvent être utilisées pour travailler. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dans ce cycle, la première publication intérimaire est Ubuntu 22.10 qui est parue le 20 octobre 2022. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ubuntu 22.10 est la 37e version d’Ubuntu et la 11e avec le bureau Gnome 3 modifié. Comme les autres versions intérimaires récentes, Ubuntu 22.10 est supportée pendant seulement neuf mois, jusqu’en juillet 2023. Les publications LTS reçoivent cinq ans de support et un support prolongé et optionnel de 10 ans est disponible. | ||
The first release after an LTS is always interesting, | The first release after an LTS is always interesting, | ||
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I downloaded Ubuntu 22.10 from the official sources via BitTorrent and did an SHA256 sum check to make sure it was an uncorrupted download. | I downloaded Ubuntu 22.10 from the official sources via BitTorrent and did an SHA256 sum check to make sure it was an uncorrupted download. | ||
- | The Ubuntu ISO file is now up to 3.8 GB in size, which is 400 MB bigger than Ubuntu 22.04 LTS was, and 900 MB bigger than the previous release before that, Ubuntu 21.10. That means it has grown 24% in the past year although it is not clear why that is. | + | La première publication après une version LTS est toujours intéressante, |
+ | |||
+ | Dans ce cas, Ubuntu 22.10 apporte quelques nouveaux éléments intéressants pour les développeurs, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Installation | ||
+ | |||
+ | J’ai téléchargé Ubuntu 22.10 à partir des sources officielles via BitTorrent et j’ai fait une vérification de somme SHA256 pour m’assurer que le téléchargement n' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **The Ubuntu ISO file is now up to 3.8 GB in size, which is 400 MB bigger than Ubuntu 22.04 LTS was, and 900 MB bigger than the previous release before that, Ubuntu 21.10. That means it has grown 24% in the past year although it is not clear why that is. | ||
As in recent evaluations, | As in recent evaluations, | ||
- | One Full Circle reader did the system upgrade from Ubuntu 22.04 LTS to 22.10 and found that his system was very slow, with the CPUs maxed out due to tracker-extract-3 running. After a reboot or two, it settled down and everything ran normally. | + | One Full Circle reader did the system upgrade from Ubuntu 22.04 LTS to 22.10 and found that his system was very slow, with the CPUs maxed out due to tracker-extract-3 running. After a reboot or two, it settled down and everything ran normally.** |
- | System requirements | + | La taille du fichier ISO d’Ubuntu fait maintenant 3,8 Go, ce qui est 400 Mo plus grand que celui d' |
+ | |||
+ | Comme lors d’évaluations récentes, j’ai mis le fichier ISO sur ma clé USB équipée de Ventoy 1.0.81 et l’ai démarré à partir de là. Ventoy rend l’essai des distrib. Linux extrêmement facile et indolore. Elles s’exécutent depuis la clé USB tout aussi bien que si elles étaient installées sur un disque dur. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Un lecteur du Full Circle a fait la mise à niveau d’Ubuntu 22.04 LTS vers la 22.10 et a trouvé que son système était très lent et que les processeurs étaient au maximum parce que tracker-extract-3 s’exécutait. Après quelques redémarrages, | ||
+ | |||
+ | **System requirements | ||
The recommended minimum system requirements for Ubuntu 22.10 have not changed since 20.04 LTS and remain: | The recommended minimum system requirements for Ubuntu 22.10 have not changed since 20.04 LTS and remain: | ||
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Internet access is useful but not essential | Internet access is useful but not essential | ||
- | This means that Ubuntu 22.10 should run fine on hardware designed for Windows 7 or later. I would suggest 8 GB of RAM as a working minimum as Firefox alone can eat up 4 GB of RAM with some tabs open. | + | This means that Ubuntu 22.10 should run fine on hardware designed for Windows 7 or later. I would suggest 8 GB of RAM as a working minimum as Firefox alone can eat up 4 GB of RAM with some tabs open.** |
- | New | + | Exigences système |
+ | |||
+ | Les exigences système minimales recommandées pour Ubuntu 22.10 n’ont pas changé depuis la 20.04 LTS et restent : | ||
+ | un processeur à double cœur et à 2 GHz | ||
+ | 4 Go de RAM | ||
+ | 25 Go d’espace disque, clé USB, carte mémoire ou disque externe | ||
+ | Un écran qui peut utiliser une résolution de 1024 x 768 pixels | ||
+ | Soit un lecteur CD/DVD, soit un port USB, pour le média d’installation | ||
+ | Un accès à l’Internet est utile, mais pas essentiel | ||
+ | |||
+ | Cela signifie que Ubuntu 22.10 devrait fonctionner très bien sur du matériel conçu pour Windows 7 ou ultérieur. Je suggérerais un minimum de 8 Go de RAM, car Firefox seul peut utiliser 4 Go de RAM avec quelques onglets ouverts. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | **New | ||
There is a lot new in Ubuntu 22.10, much of it aimed at internet of things (IoT) developers and system admins working in enterprise environments, | There is a lot new in Ubuntu 22.10, much of it aimed at internet of things (IoT) developers and system admins working in enterprise environments, | ||
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For the developers, there are the usual and expected toolchain updates including Ruby 3.1, Go 1.19, GCC 12.2 and Rust 1.61. On Ubuntu Server, OpenSSH now uses systemd socket activation by default which means that the sshd daemon will not start up until a request is received thus reducing the memory required. A new tool, debuginfod, is now included for debugging the programs which are shipped with Ubuntu. | For the developers, there are the usual and expected toolchain updates including Ruby 3.1, Go 1.19, GCC 12.2 and Rust 1.61. On Ubuntu Server, OpenSSH now uses systemd socket activation by default which means that the sshd daemon will not start up until a request is received thus reducing the memory required. A new tool, debuginfod, is now included for debugging the programs which are shipped with Ubuntu. | ||
- | This release includes MicroPython for a variety of microcontrollers including the Raspberry Pi Pico W. The use of Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) graphics also means that developers can run Pi-based graphical applications using other frameworks, such as Qt, outside a desktop session and without any Pi-specific drivers. | + | This release includes MicroPython for a variety of microcontrollers including the Raspberry Pi Pico W. The use of Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) graphics also means that developers can run Pi-based graphical applications using other frameworks, such as Qt, outside a desktop session and without any Pi-specific drivers.** |
+ | |||
+ | Nouveautés | ||
+ | |||
+ | Il y a plein de nouveautés dans Ubuntu 22.10, dont beaucoup ciblent les développeurs des objets connectés (IoT) et les administrateurs système travaillant dans des environnements d’entreprise, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour les développeurs, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Cette publication inclut MicroPython pour divers microcontrôleurs y compris le Raspberry Pi Pico W. L’utilisation des affichages graphiques Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) signifie également que les développeurs peuvent exécuter des applications graphiques basées sur Pi avec d’autres frameworks, comme Qt, en dehors d’une session de bureau et sans pilotes spécifiques au Pi. | ||
- | For admins, the Landscape 22.10 beta system management tool offers improvements, | + | **For admins, the Landscape 22.10 beta system management tool offers improvements, |
For desktop users, this release drops PulseAudio in favor of PipeWire as the default audio controller. PipeWire is reportedly less buggy and has better hardware support. | For desktop users, this release drops PulseAudio in favor of PipeWire as the default audio controller. PipeWire is reportedly less buggy and has better hardware support. | ||
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Ubuntu 22.10 uses Linux kernel version 5.19 which has multi-threaded CPU squashFS decompression which should improve the startup times for snap applications on some devices. | Ubuntu 22.10 uses Linux kernel version 5.19 which has multi-threaded CPU squashFS decompression which should improve the startup times for snap applications on some devices. | ||
- | The initialization system is systemd 251.4. Systemd has now been the init system since Ubuntu 15.04, through eight years and 16 releases, and has proven to work reasonably well, despite detractors. | + | The initialization system is systemd 251.4. Systemd has now been the init system since Ubuntu 15.04, through eight years and 16 releases, and has proven to work reasonably well, despite detractors.** |
- | This release ships predominantly with applications from Gnome 43, which uses the GTK4 toolkit along with libadwaita. This should improve performance and also gives Ubuntu applications a more uniform look. | + | Pour les admins, l’outil de gestion du système, Landscape 22.10, en bêta, offre des améliorations, |
+ | |||
+ | Pour les utilisateurs de la version de bureau, cette publication remplace PulseAudio par PipeWire comme contrôleur audio par défaut. Il paraît que PipeWire a moins de bogues et un meilleur support du matériel. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ubuntu 22.10 utilise la version 5.19 du noyau Linux, qui a la décompression squashFS du processeur en multi-thread. Cela devrait améliorer le temps de démarrage d’applications snap sur certains dispositifs. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le système d’initialisation est systemd 251.4. Systemd est le système init depuis Ubuntu 15.04, traversant 8 années et 16 versions ; il fonctionne convenablement malgré ses détracteurs. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **This release ships predominantly with applications from Gnome 43, which uses the GTK4 toolkit along with libadwaita. This should improve performance and also gives Ubuntu applications a more uniform look. | ||
This version of Gnome also reintroduces an old feature that spreads out all open instances of any given single application when clicking on the application’s icon in the Ubuntu dock. | This version of Gnome also reintroduces an old feature that spreads out all open instances of any given single application when clicking on the application’s icon in the Ubuntu dock. | ||
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The option of using a ZFS file system on a fresh Ubuntu 22.10 installation has been disabled due to a bug that prevents it being properly mounted on first boot. It should still work on a system upgrade from Ubuntu 22.04 LTS though. | The option of using a ZFS file system on a fresh Ubuntu 22.10 installation has been disabled due to a bug that prevents it being properly mounted on first boot. It should still work on a system upgrade from Ubuntu 22.04 LTS though. | ||
- | For gamers, the Steam snap includes the latest version of the Mesa 3D Graphics Library to make games run better without needing outside PPAs. The Linux 5.19 kernel included has the new futex_waitv() syscall enabled, which will give performance gains when gaming using Wine or Proton. | + | For gamers, the Steam snap includes the latest version of the Mesa 3D Graphics Library to make games run better without needing outside PPAs. The Linux 5.19 kernel included has the new futex_waitv() syscall enabled, which will give performance gains when gaming using Wine or Proton.** |
+ | |||
+ | Cette version est livrée majoritairement avec des applications venant de Gnome 43 qui utilise la boîte à outils GTK4 accompagnée de libadwaita. Cela devrait améliorer les performances tout en donnant aux applications une apparence plus uniforme. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Cette version de Gnome réintroduit également une vieille fonctionnalité qui étale à l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | L’option d’utiliser un système de fichiers ZFS sur une nouvelle installation d’Ubuntu 22.10 a été désactivée à cause d’un bogue qui l’empêche d’être monté comme il faut lors du premier démarrage. Elle devrait toujours fonctionner sur une mise à niveau du système à partir d’Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour les joueurs, le snap Steam comprend la dernière version de la bibliothèque Mesa 3D Graphics pour rendre l’exécution de jeux meilleure sans avoir besoin de PPA externes. Dans le noyau Linux inclus, la version 5.19, le nouvel appel système futex_waitv() est activé, ce qui donnera des gains de performance en jouant avec Wine ou Proton. | ||
- | In the official announcements, | + | **In the official announcements, |
Settings | Settings | ||
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The top right status menu has added “Quick Settings” which are buttons that give instant user access to wifi, bluetooth, audio device selection, night mode, dark themes, and power settings, all without having to resort to opening the main settings menu. | The top right status menu has added “Quick Settings” which are buttons that give instant user access to wifi, bluetooth, audio device selection, night mode, dark themes, and power settings, all without having to resort to opening the main settings menu. | ||
- | Because this Ubuntu release is codenamed “Kinetic Kudo”, after the species of African antelope, there are five new kudu-themed wallpapers among the eight wallpapers provided. | + | Because this Ubuntu release is codenamed “Kinetic Kudo”, after the species of African antelope, there are five new kudu-themed wallpapers among the eight wallpapers provided.** |
- | Applications | + | Dans les annonces officielles, |
+ | |||
+ | Paramètres | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le menu en haut à droite, a été ajouté « Quick Settings » (Paramètres rapides) qui donne un accès immédiat au WiFi, et au Bluetooth, à la sélection du dispositif audio, au mode nuit, aux thèmes sombres et aux réglages d’alimentation, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Puisque cette version d’Ubuntu a le nom de code « Kinetic Kudo », d’après l’espèce d’antilope africaine, il y a cinq nouveaux papiers peints avec le thème kudo parmi les huit papiers peints fournis. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Applications | ||
Some of the applications included with Ubuntu 22.10 are: | Some of the applications included with Ubuntu 22.10 are: | ||
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Duplicity 0.8.22 file back-ups | Duplicity 0.8.22 file back-ups | ||
Files (Nautilus) 43.0 file manager | Files (Nautilus) 43.0 file manager | ||
- | Firefox 106.0 web browser** | + | Firefox 106.0 web browser</ |
Gnome Calendar 43.0 desktop calendar | Gnome Calendar 43.0 desktop calendar | ||
Gnome Disks 43.0 disk manager | Gnome Disks 43.0 disk manager | ||
Gnome Terminal 3.46.2 (for Gnome 43) terminal emulator | Gnome Terminal 3.46.2 (for Gnome 43) terminal emulator | ||
Gnome Text Editor 43.1 text editor | Gnome Text Editor 43.1 text editor | ||
- | Gparted 1.3.1 partition editor*** | + | Gparted 1.3.1 partition editor< |
Image Viewer (Eye of Gnome) 43.0 image viewer | Image Viewer (Eye of Gnome) 43.0 image viewer | ||
LibreOffice 7.4.2.3 office suite | LibreOffice 7.4.2.3 office suite | ||
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Thunderbird 102.3.3 email client | Thunderbird 102.3.3 email client | ||
Transmission 3.00 bit (transmission-gtk) torrent client* | Transmission 3.00 bit (transmission-gtk) torrent client* | ||
- | Ubuntu Software (snap-store) 41.3 package management system** | + | Ubuntu Software (snap-store) 41.3 package management system< |
Videos (Totem) 43.0 movie player | Videos (Totem) 43.0 movie player | ||
Wget 1.21.3 command line webpage downloader | Wget 1.21.3 command line webpage downloader | ||
* indicates same application version as used in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS | * indicates same application version as used in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS | ||
- | ** supplied as a snap so version depends on the upstream package manager | + | < |
- | *** indicates included on the ISO for boot-up but not included in a full installation | + | < |
- | As can be seen from the above list, almost all the applications are from Gnome 43 with only Simple Scan as a hold-over from Gnome 42 and even it was a version upgrade from the last release. | + | Applications |
+ | |||
+ | Voici quelques-unes des applications livrées avec Ubuntu 22.10 : | ||
+ | Archive Manager (File Roller) 43.0 archiveur | ||
+ | Cheese 43.alpha application de webcam | ||
+ | CUPS 2.4.2 système d’impression | ||
+ | Document Viewer (Evince) 43.0 PDF visionneur de PDF | ||
+ | Document Scanner (Simple Scan) 42.5 scanner optique | ||
+ | Duplicity 0.8.22 sauvegarde de fichiers | ||
+ | Files (Nautilus) 43.0 gestionnaire de fichiers | ||
+ | Firefox 106.0 navigateur Web < | ||
+ | Gnome Calendar 43.0 calendrier de bureau | ||
+ | Gnome Disks 43.0 gestionnaire de disques | ||
+ | Gnome Terminal 3.46.2 (pour Gnome 43) émulateur de terminal | ||
+ | Gnome Text Editor 43.1 éditeur de texte | ||
+ | Gparted 1.3.1 éditeur de partitions*** | ||
+ | Image Viewer (Eye of Gnome) 43.0 visionneur d’images | ||
+ | LibreOffice 7.4.2.3 suite bureautique | ||
+ | Pipewire 0.3.58 contrôleur audio | ||
+ | Remmina 1.4.27 client de bureau à distance | ||
+ | Rhythmbox 3.4.6 lecteur de musique | ||
+ | Shotwell 0.30.16 gestionnaire de photos | ||
+ | Startup Disk Creator 0.3.15 (usb-creator-gtk) graveur d’ISO sur USB | ||
+ | Thunderbird 102.3.3 client mail | ||
+ | Transmission 3.00 bit (transmission-gtk) client torrent* | ||
+ | Ubuntu Software (snap-store) 41.3 système de gestion de paquets** | ||
+ | Videos (Totem) 43.0 lecteur de vidéos | ||
+ | Wget 1.21.3 téléchargeur de pages Web en ligne de commande | ||
+ | * indique la même version de l’application que celle utilisée dans Ubuntu 22.04 LTS | ||
+ | ** fourni en tant que snap ; ainsi la version dépend du gestionnaire de paquets en amont | ||
+ | *** indique que c’est inclus dans l’ISO pour le démarrage, mais pas dans l’installation complète. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **As can be seen from the above list, almost all the applications are from Gnome 43 with only Simple Scan as a hold-over from Gnome 42 and even it was a version upgrade from the last release. | ||
One application has been dropped from the list of default applications: | One application has been dropped from the list of default applications: | ||
- | The gedit text editor has been part of Ubuntu since the start, but, after 37 releases, it has been replaced with the new Gnome Text Editor. This change may actually go unnoticed by most users, as in the recent past, gedit has appeared in the menus as “text editor” and the new application has the same menu name; even the application icons are extremely similar. Gnome Text Editor was created to retain most of gedit’s features, but with an interface that more closely follows the Gnome Human Interface Guidelines. It is billed on its homepage as “a simple text editor focused on a pleasing default experience”. Like most current Gnome applications, | + | The gedit text editor has been part of Ubuntu since the start, but, after 37 releases, it has been replaced with the new Gnome Text Editor. This change may actually go unnoticed by most users, as in the recent past, gedit has appeared in the menus as “text editor” and the new application has the same menu name; even the application icons are extremely similar. Gnome Text Editor was created to retain most of gedit’s features, but with an interface that more closely follows the Gnome Human Interface Guidelines. It is billed on its homepage as “a simple text editor focused on a pleasing default experience”. Like most current Gnome applications, |
- | Ubuntu 22.10 includes the Nautilus 43.0 file manager which has now been migrated to the GTK4 toolkit. This gives it a slightly new look and adds some new features including improvements to the list view. It now dynamically changes its layout based on the window size selected, and also supports the .webp photo format, as does the associated Image Viewer (Eye of Gnome) 43.0, which is a useful advancement. | + | Comme on peut le voir en parcourant la liste ci-dessus, la presque totalité des applications viennent de Gnome 43 tandis que le seul reste venant de Gnome 42 est Simple Scan. En fait, même Simple Scan a été mise à niveau depuis la dernière publication. |
- | As in past releases, the Ubuntu 22.10 version of LibreOffice is supplied complete, except for LibreOffice Base, the database | + | Une application a été supprimée de la liste des applications par défaut : Gnome To Do, le gestionnaire des tâches personnelles. S’il manque à quelqu’un, il se trouve toujours dans les dépôts d’Ubuntu et peut être installé, bien qu’il faille noter que, et l’application, |
- | Conclusions | + | L’éditeur de texte gedit fait partie d’Ubuntu depuis le début, mais, après 37 publications, |
+ | |||
+ | **Ubuntu 22.10 includes the Nautilus 43.0 file manager which has now been migrated to the GTK4 toolkit. This gives it a slightly new look and adds some new features including improvements to the list view. It now dynamically changes its layout based on the window size selected, and also supports the .webp photo format, as does the associated Image Viewer (Eye of Gnome) 43.0, which is a useful advancement. | ||
+ | |||
+ | As in past releases, the Ubuntu 22.10 version of LibreOffice is supplied complete, except for LibreOffice Base, the database application, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ubuntu 22.10 comprend le gestionnaire de fichiers Nautilus 43.0 qui a maintenant été migré vers la boîte à outils GTK4. Cela lui donne une une apparence un peu nouvelle et ajoute quelque nouvelles fonctionnalités, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Comme dans les versions antérieures, | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Conclusions | ||
For an interim release, Ubuntu 22.10 is very solid, highly polished, and ready for everyday use. It brings some useful changes to kick off the new development cycle. It looks like users can expect some new ideas to make it into this cycle without any big changes or desktop paradigm shifts expected. | For an interim release, Ubuntu 22.10 is very solid, highly polished, and ready for everyday use. It brings some useful changes to kick off the new development cycle. It looks like users can expect some new ideas to make it into this cycle without any big changes or desktop paradigm shifts expected. | ||
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Official website: | Official website: | ||
- | https:// | + | https:// |
+ | |||
+ | Conclusions | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour une publication intérimaire, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour quelques développeurs d’objets connectés, ou des admins système dans les entreprises, | ||
+ | |||
+ | La prochaine publication intérimaire, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Liens externes | ||
+ | |||
+ | Site Web officiel: |
issue187/critique1.1669535055.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2022/11/27 08:44 de auntiee