issue190:critique2
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Prochaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue190:critique2 [2023/02/26 12:12] – créée auntiee | issue190:critique2 [2023/03/01 08:13] (Version actuelle) – d52fr | ||
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- | MX Linux has been sitting at the top of the DistroWatch page hit ranking for quite a while now. In fact, it is in the number one position for the one, three, six and twelve month rankings, so I wondered, is this a concerted campaign to promote this distribution by its fans, or just the result of flagrant curiosity? The MX Linux users I know are all very enthusiastic about it, so I thought it was time to give it an evaluation and find out what the appeal is. | + | **MX Linux has been sitting at the top of the DistroWatch page hit ranking for quite a while now. In fact, it is in the number one position for the one, three, six and twelve month rankings, so I wondered, is this a concerted campaign to promote this distribution by its fans, or just the result of flagrant curiosity? The MX Linux users I know are all very enthusiastic about it, so I thought it was time to give it an evaluation and find out what the appeal is. |
- | MX started as a collaboration between the developers of AntiX and MEPIS. That latter distribution had been quite popular but the project stalled and its last release was on 10 August, 2013. When MEPIS development ended the two communities decided to work on a successor and MX Linux was conceived. The “M” is from MEPIS and the “X” from AntiX. The first release of the new MX was on 24 March, 2014, and was numbered MX-14, for the year of introduction. | + | MX started as a collaboration between the developers of AntiX and MEPIS. That latter distribution had been quite popular but the project stalled and its last release was on 10 August, 2013. When MEPIS development ended the two communities decided to work on a successor and MX Linux was conceived. The “M” is from MEPIS and the “X” from AntiX. The first release of the new MX was on 24 March, 2014, and was numbered MX-14, for the year of introduction.** |
- | Since its 2014 introduction, | + | MX Linux est en haut de la page du palmarès par nombre de connexions de DistroWatch depuis assez longtemps maintenant. En fait, elle est en première position pour les palmarès des un, trois, six et douze mois et je me suis donc demandé s’il s’agissait d’une campagne concertée de ses fans pour promouvoir cette distribution ou tout simplement le résultat d’une curiosité flagrante ? |
+ | |||
+ | MX a commencé comme une collaboration entre les développeurs de AntiX et MEPIS. Cette dernière distribution avait été très populaire, mais le projet s’est bloqué et sa dernière sortie a eu lieu le 10 août 2013. Quand le développement de MEPIS a pris fin, les deux communautés ont décidé de travailler sur un successeur et MX Linux a été conçu. Le « M » vient de MEPIS et le « X » d’AntiX. La première publication de la nouvelle MX a eu lieu le 24 mars 2014 avec le numéro MX-14 pour l’année de sa présentation. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Since its 2014 introduction, | ||
The goal of the MX project is to produce a distribution " | The goal of the MX project is to produce a distribution " | ||
- | MX has a lot of support available including good documentation, | + | MX has a lot of support available including good documentation, |
- | These days, there are six different MX downloads offered: | + | Depuis lors, MX a sorti des versions ponctuelles majeures et mineures tous les ans. MX-21 a été publiée le 18 septembre 2021 et la publication ponctuelle suivante, la MX 21.2.1, le 18 septembre 2022, était basée sur Debian 11.5 Bullseye. |
+ | |||
+ | L’objectif du projet MX est de produire une distribution « conçue pour allier des bureaux élégants et efficients avec une grande stabilité et des performances solides. » | ||
+ | |||
+ | Beaucoup de support est disponible pour MX, notamment une bonne documentation, | ||
+ | |||
+ | **These days, there are six different MX downloads offered: | ||
Three have the Xfce desktop in 64-bit, 32-bit, and 64-bit AHS (Advanced Hardware Support) versions. With the 21.2.1 version, the AHS version uses the 5.18 Linux kernel for newer hardware like AMD Ryzen, AMD Radeon RX graphics, or to support 9th, 10th and 11th generation Intel processors. The standard download provides the older 5.10 Linux kernel. | Three have the Xfce desktop in 64-bit, 32-bit, and 64-bit AHS (Advanced Hardware Support) versions. With the 21.2.1 version, the AHS version uses the 5.18 Linux kernel for newer hardware like AMD Ryzen, AMD Radeon RX graphics, or to support 9th, 10th and 11th generation Intel processors. The standard download provides the older 5.10 Linux kernel. | ||
There is also a 64-bit KDE desktop download, plus 64-bit and 32-bit versions with the Fluxbox window manager for older hardware. | There is also a 64-bit KDE desktop download, plus 64-bit and 32-bit versions with the Fluxbox window manager for older hardware. | ||
- | The main “flagship” download is the Xfce version which the developers describe as “a midweight desktop environment that aims to be fast and low-resource, | + | The main “flagship” download is the Xfce version which the developers describe as “a midweight desktop environment that aims to be fast and low-resource, |
- | Installation | + | Aujourd’hui, |
+ | |||
+ | Trois ont le bureau Xfce dans les versions 64-bit, 32-bit et 64-bit AHS (Advanced Hardware Support – prise en charge du matériel avancé). La version AHS de la 21.2.1 utilise le noyau Linux 5.18 pour du matériel récent comme AMD Ryzen, les étages graphiques AMD Radeon RX ou pour prendre en charge les générations 9, 10 et 11 des processeurs Intel. Le téléchargement normal fournit le noyau Linux 5.10, qui n’est pas aussi récent. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Une version 64-bit avec le bureau KDE est également disponible, ainsi que des versions 64-bit et 32-bit avec le gestionnaire de fenêtres Fluxbox pour le matériel vieillissant. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le téléchargement principal, le « fleuron » des téléchargements est la version Xfce que les développeurs décrivent comme étant « un assez léger environnement de bureau qui se veut rapide et n’utilise pas beaucoup de ressources, tout en étant attrayant et convivial. » | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Installation | ||
I downloaded the 64-bit version of MX-21.2.1 “Wildflower” from the MX website via HTTP, since there is no BitTorrent option. While linked from the MX website, the downloads are all hosted on SourceForge. | I downloaded the 64-bit version of MX-21.2.1 “Wildflower” from the MX website via HTTP, since there is no BitTorrent option. While linked from the MX website, the downloads are all hosted on SourceForge. | ||
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The download size obviously will vary depending on the desktop chosen but the Xfce 64-bit version was a reasonable 1.7 GB. | The download size obviously will vary depending on the desktop chosen but the Xfce 64-bit version was a reasonable 1.7 GB. | ||
- | MX is listed as specifically supported by Ventoy, so I dropped the ISO file onto my USB stick equipped with Ventoy 1.0.82 and it booted up very quickly. | + | MX is listed as specifically supported by Ventoy, so I dropped the ISO file onto my USB stick equipped with Ventoy 1.0.82 and it booted up very quickly.** |
- | System requirements | + | |
+ | Installation | ||
+ | |||
+ | J’ai téléchargé la version 64-bit de MX-21.2.1 « Wildflower » à partir du site Web de MX via HTTP, puisqu’il n’y a pas d’option BitTorrent. Liés au site Web MX, tous les téléchargements sont hébergés par SourceForge. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les deux sommes, MD5 et SHA256, étant fournies, j’ai fait une vérification de la somme SHA256 à partir de la ligne de commande pour m’assurer que le téléchargement était bon. Les « checksums » sont un peu cachés sur la page des miroirs des téléchargements, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Bien entendu, la taille du téléchargement variera selon le bureau choisi, mais la version Xfce 64-bit était d’une taille raisonnable de 1,7 Go. | ||
+ | |||
+ | MX est listé spécifiquement comme étant prise en charge par Ventoy et j’ai donc mis le fichier ISO sur ma clé USB équipée de Ventoy 1.0.82 et il a démarré très rapidement. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **System requirements | ||
The MX users manual has some details for the minimum hardware required: | The MX users manual has some details for the minimum hardware required: | ||
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The “recommended” hardware, though, is a bit higher spec, as it calls for 2 GB of RAM, 20 GB of hard drive space, a sound card, and a video card. It also suggests 4 GB of RAM if you are doing more RAM-intensive operations such as video editing. | The “recommended” hardware, though, is a bit higher spec, as it calls for 2 GB of RAM, 20 GB of hard drive space, a sound card, and a video card. It also suggests 4 GB of RAM if you are doing more RAM-intensive operations such as video editing. | ||
- | I found that, with just Firefox open with 13 tabs, Thunar, FeatherPad, and the terminal window, I was using 4 GB of RAM, so I think 8 GB would be better for good performance. | + | I found that, with just Firefox open with 13 tabs, Thunar, FeatherPad, and the terminal window, I was using 4 GB of RAM, so I think 8 GB would be better for good performance.** |
- | Features | + | Exigences système |
+ | |||
+ | Le manuel de l’utilisateur MX a quelques détails concernant le matériel minimal requis : | ||
+ | Un lecteur CD/DVD (et un BIOS capable de démarrer sur ce lecteur), ou un USB Live (et un BIOS capable de démarrer sur l’USB). | ||
+ | Un processeur moderne AMD ou Intel i686. | ||
+ | 1 Go de RAM. | ||
+ | 6 Go d’espace disque libre. | ||
+ | Pour être utilisé en tant que USB Live, 4 Go de libre. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Toutefois, les spécifications du matériel « recommandé » sont un peu plus exigeantes : | ||
+ | |||
+ | J’ai trouvé que j’utilisais 4 Go de RAM avec seulement Firefox (avec 13 onglets), Thunar, FeatherPad et une fenêtre du terminal ouvertes ; ainsi, je pense que 8 Go seraient mieux pour une bonne performance. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Features | ||
MX Linux is solidly aimed at desktop users, and it has a lot of features for that role, including a large assortment of custom, MX-specific utilities. This is not a stock Xfce desktop like you would find running on top of Debian; it has been modified at almost every level. There are 23 custom MX tools installed by default, including the MX Package Installer, MX Boot Options, MX Boot Repair, and MX Repo manager. The large number of settings would be daunting if they were not all collected together in the Settings Manager. | MX Linux is solidly aimed at desktop users, and it has a lot of features for that role, including a large assortment of custom, MX-specific utilities. This is not a stock Xfce desktop like you would find running on top of Debian; it has been modified at almost every level. There are 23 custom MX tools installed by default, including the MX Package Installer, MX Boot Options, MX Boot Repair, and MX Repo manager. The large number of settings would be daunting if they were not all collected together in the Settings Manager. | ||
- | MX has purposely avoided using systemd as its initialization system, and, instead, employs SysV. This is no mean feat considering MX’s basis in Debian which does use systemd as its foundation. But, before systemd-haters rejoice, you need to know that systemd is actually installed by default anyway, although not activated. It turns out that it is needed to make things work, like Nvidia drivers for instance, so systemd is there, just not used for booting, a compromise that will likely make no one happy. | + | MX has purposely avoided using systemd as its initialization system, and, instead, employs SysV. This is no mean feat considering MX’s basis in Debian which does use systemd as its foundation. But, before systemd-haters rejoice, you need to know that systemd is actually installed by default anyway, although not activated. It turns out that it is needed to make things work, like Nvidia drivers for instance, so systemd is there, just not used for booting, a compromise that will likely make no one happy.** |
+ | |||
+ | Caractéristiques | ||
+ | |||
+ | MX Linux cible fermement les utilisateurs d’ordinateur de bureau et ses caractéristiques le démontrent, | ||
+ | |||
+ | MX évite exprès l’utilisation de systemd comme système d’initialisation et, à la place, utilise SysV. Cela a été assez complexe étant donné la base de MX en Debian qui, elle, utilise systemd. Mais avant que les détesteurs de systemd ne se réjouissent, | ||
- | The standard Xfce4 desktop panel is used, but it is, by default, vertical on the left side of the screen, instead of at the top as is more commonly done in Xfce. This puts the menu button in the bottom-left corner, though, which probably aids the transition for Windows users, as well as for Linux users coming from desktops like KDE, LXDE or LXQt. In the vertical position, the panel actually acts much like the Ubuntu dock. It is user repositionable, | + | **The standard Xfce4 desktop panel is used, but it is, by default, vertical on the left side of the screen, instead of at the top as is more commonly done in Xfce. This puts the menu button in the bottom-left corner, though, which probably aids the transition for Windows users, as well as for Linux users coming from desktops like KDE, LXDE or LXQt. In the vertical position, the panel actually acts much like the Ubuntu dock. It is user repositionable, |
MX uses the Whisker menu that Xubuntu adopted as well. This menu is the most flexible on the Linux desktop, it can even be resized. Whisker is well-organized and makes finding applications fairly fast. Looking through the menus shows that for a 1.7 GB download, MX comes with a lot of applications already installed. | MX uses the Whisker menu that Xubuntu adopted as well. This menu is the most flexible on the Linux desktop, it can even be resized. Whisker is well-organized and makes finding applications fairly fast. Looking through the menus shows that for a 1.7 GB download, MX comes with a lot of applications already installed. | ||
- | MX also comes with 36 wallpapers, which is good, as the default wallpaper may be busier than some users like. MX has 25 window themes, with the default being mx-comfort. All the window themes, even the light ones like Adwaita, seem to retain the same black top bar, though. There are 13 icon sets to choose from, with Papirus-mxbluedarkpanes as the default. So, as far as user customization goes, there are lots of choices, many of them unique to MX Linux. | + | MX also comes with 36 wallpapers, which is good, as the default wallpaper may be busier than some users like. MX has 25 window themes, with the default being mx-comfort. All the window themes, even the light ones like Adwaita, seem to retain the same black top bar, though. There are 13 icon sets to choose from, with Papirus-mxbluedarkpanes as the default. So, as far as user customization goes, there are lots of choices, many of them unique to MX Linux.** |
- | Applications | + | Le panneau de bureau Xfce standard est utilisé, mais, par défaut, il est vertical sur le côté gauche de l’écran, plutôt que d’être en haut, comme il se trouve plus souvent dans Xfce. Toutefois, cela met le bouton du menu dans le coin en bas à gauche, ce qui probablement aide les utilisateurs de Windows, ainsi que les utilisateurs de Linux venant de bureaux comme KDE, LXDE ou LXQt. Dans la position verticale, le panneau agit en fait comme le dock d’Ubuntu. L’utilisateur peut le repositionner aussi. |
+ | |||
+ | MX utilise le menu Whisker que Xubuntu a également adopté. Ce menu est le plus flexible des bureaux Linux et peut même être redimensionné. Whisker est bien organisé et rend la recherche des applications assez rapide. Parcourir les menus démontre que, pour un téléchargement de 1,7 Go, MX est livrée avec beaucoup d’applications déjà installées. | ||
+ | |||
+ | MX est aussi livrée avec 36 papiers peints, ce qui est bien, car le papier-peint par défaut peut être perçu comme trop chargé par certains. MX comporte 25 thèmes de fenêtre, dont mx-comfort par défaut. Cependant, tous les thèmes de fenêtre, même ceux qui sont clairs, comme Adwaita, semblent retenir la même barre noire en haut. Il y a treize ensembles d’icônes parmi lesquels choisir, avec, par défaut, Papirus-mxbluedarkpanes. Ainsi, pour ce qui concerne la personnalisation par l’utilisateur, | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Applications | ||
Some of the applications included with MX Linux 21.2.1 are: | Some of the applications included with MX Linux 21.2.1 are: | ||
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Xfce4-panel 4.16.3 desktop panel | Xfce4-panel 4.16.3 desktop panel | ||
Xfce4-screenshooter 1.9.9 screenshot tool | Xfce4-screenshooter 1.9.9 screenshot tool | ||
- | Xfce Terminal 0.8.10 terminal emulator | + | Xfce Terminal 0.8.10 terminal emulator** |
- | This is an impressively long list of default applications, | + | Applications |
+ | |||
+ | Voici quelques-unes des applications livrées avec MX Linux 21.2.1 : | ||
+ | • ALSA Mixer 1.2.4 contrôleur audio | ||
+ | • Archive Manager (file-roller) 3.38.1 archiveur | ||
+ | • Asunder 2.9.7 extracteur de CD | ||
+ | • Catfish 4.16.3 recherche de fichiers | ||
+ | • Clementine 1.4 RC2 lecteur de musique | ||
+ | • CUPS 2.3.3 système d’impression | ||
+ | • Disk-manager 22.01.02 gestionnaire de disque | ||
+ | • Document Scanner (simple-scan) 3.38.1 scanner optique | ||
+ | • FeatherPad 1.3.1 éditeur de texte | ||
+ | • Firefox 104.0.2 navigateur Web | ||
+ | • Foliate 2.6.3 visionneur d’e-book | ||
+ | • Galculator 2.1.4 calculatrice | ||
+ | • GDebi 0.9.5.7 gestionnaire de paquets | ||
+ | • Geany 1.37.1 IDE léger | ||
+ | • Gparted 1.2.0 éditeur de partitions | ||
+ | • Gnome PPP 0.3.23 outil de connexion téléphonique | ||
+ | • gThumb 3.11.3 visionneur d’images | ||
+ | • Gufw 20.04.1 pare-feu | ||
+ | • LazPaint 7.1.6 éditeur d’images | ||
+ | • LibreOffice 7.0.4.2 suite bureautique | ||
+ | • MX Package Installer 22.8.02 magasin de logiciels | ||
+ | • qtpdfview 0.4.18 visionneur de PDF | ||
+ | • Synaptic 0.90.2 gestionnaire de paquets | ||
+ | • Timeshift 22.06.5 utilitaire de restauration du système | ||
+ | • Thunar 4.16.8 gestionnaire de fichiers | ||
+ | • Thunderbird 78.13.0 client mail | ||
+ | • Transmission (transmission-gtk) 3.00 client bittorrent | ||
+ | • Webcamoid 8.8.0 webcam | ||
+ | • Wget 1.21 téléchargeur de pages Web en ligne de commande | ||
+ | • VLC 3.1.17.4 lecteur de média | ||
+ | • XfBurn 0.6.2 graveur de CD/DVD | ||
+ | • Xfce4-panel 4.16.3 panneau du bureau | ||
+ | • Xfce4-screenshooter 1.9.9 outil de capture d’écran | ||
+ | • Xfce Terminal 0.8.10 émulateur de terminal | ||
+ | |||
+ | **This is an impressively long list of default applications, | ||
The default list of applications is a curious mix of GTK and Qt programs. MX seems to focus on functionality for the user first and foremost, rather than adhering to any one toolkit, or even taking applications from any one desktop. | The default list of applications is a curious mix of GTK and Qt programs. MX seems to focus on functionality for the user first and foremost, rather than adhering to any one toolkit, or even taking applications from any one desktop. | ||
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Firefox is the default browser but, of interest, this is not the Snap package, or even Firefox-ESR from the Debian repositories, | Firefox is the default browser but, of interest, this is not the Snap package, or even Firefox-ESR from the Debian repositories, | ||
- | The custom-designed MX Package Installer is not a true, modern-style software store, but it works well, is easy to use, and offers a selection of alternate web browsers including Brave, Firefox-ESR, | + | The custom-designed MX Package Installer is not a true, modern-style software store, but it works well, is easy to use, and offers a selection of alternate web browsers including Brave, Firefox-ESR, |
+ | |||
+ | C’est une liste longue et impressionnante d’applications par défaut, surtout pour un téléchargement qui ne fait que 1,7 Go. Presque tout est là pour l’utilisateur d’un ordinateur de bureau, sauf, peut-être un éditeur de vidéos. Plus d’applications peuvent être ajoutées facilement, bien entendu, à partir des dépôts MX ou Debian ou plusieurs autres, qui sont tous activés. | ||
+ | |||
+ | La liste par défaut d’applications est un mélange curieux de programmes GTK et Qt. MX semble se concentrer sur la fonctionnalité pour l’utilisateur avant tout, plutôt que d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Firefox est le navigateur Web par défaut, mais, de façon intéressante, | ||
+ | |||
+ | L’installeur personnalisé de paquets MX, n’est pas un véritable magasin de logiciels de style moderne, mais il fonctionne bien, est facile à utiliser et propose une sélection de navigateurs Web alternatifs y compris Brave, Firefox-ESR, | ||
- | Being based on Debian, the default package management is APT, but Appimage, Flatpak and Snaps can also be used. However, the user manual warns that Snaps are " | + | **Being based on Debian, the default package management is APT, but Appimage, Flatpak and Snaps can also be used. However, the user manual warns that Snaps are " |
The MX Package Installer offers some alternative desktop environments too, including Budgie, Gnome, KDE, LXDE, and Mate, but not LXQt or the Unity interface. | The MX Package Installer offers some alternative desktop environments too, including Budgie, Gnome, KDE, LXDE, and Mate, but not LXQt or the Unity interface. | ||
- | The availability of non-free software will not make the free software purists happy, but clearly MX is more focused on giving users a wide range of choices rather than adhering to any doctrinal aims. | + | The availability of non-free software will not make the free software purists happy, but clearly MX is more focused on giving users a wide range of choices rather than adhering to any doctrinal aims.** |
- | Conclusions | + | Étant basée sur Debian, la gestion des paquets par défaut est APT, mais Appimage, Flatpak et Snaps peuvent également être utilisés. Cependant, le manuel de l’utilisateur prévient que les Snaps « ne sont pas fiables sur MX Linux à moins que l’utilisateur ait démarré en systemd », |
+ | |||
+ | L’installeur de paquets MX offre quelques environnements de bureau alternatifs aussi, y compris Budgie, Gnome, KDE, LXDE et Mate, mais ni LXQt, ni l’interface Unity. | ||
+ | |||
+ | La disponibilité de logiciels non libres ne rendra pas les puristes des logiciels libres heureux, mais, clairement, MX se concentre sur la large gamme de choix proposée aux utilisateurs, | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Conclusions | ||
MX Linux is an impressive distribution. There is a lot that it gets right and not much at all to find fault with. The clear focus on usability, above all other goals, means users are getting functionality over any other priorities. The result is a pretty flawless Linux distribution that looks good and works well. | MX Linux is an impressive distribution. There is a lot that it gets right and not much at all to find fault with. The clear focus on usability, above all other goals, means users are getting functionality over any other priorities. The result is a pretty flawless Linux distribution that looks good and works well. | ||
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Official website: | Official website: | ||
- | https:// | + | https:// |
+ | |||
+ | Conclusions | ||
+ | |||
+ | MX Linux est une distribution impressionnante. Elle fait la plupart des choses comme il faut et il n’y a presque rien à critiquer. La concentration claire sur l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Bien qu’elle ne vise pas les débutants complets sous Linux, MX se télécharge, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Peu importe ses palmarès sur DistroWatch, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Liens externes | ||
+ | |||
+ | Site Web officiel : | ||
+ | https:// |
issue190/critique2.1677409958.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2023/02/26 12:12 de auntiee