issue196:mon_opinion
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
| Prochaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
| issue196:mon_opinion [2023/08/25 18:06] – créée auntiee | issue196:mon_opinion [2023/08/28 18:41] (Version actuelle) – andre_domenech | ||
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| + | **This series of articles was initially developed for the newsletter of a computer users’ group in which almost all of the members run Windows exclusively. The approaching end-of-life for Windows 10, and the potential restrictions on upgrading to Windows 11, suggest a strategy to which many FCM readers will no doubt subscribe - switch to Linux! The articles are intended to assist in making this transition as easy and painless as possible.** | ||
| - | This series of articles | + | Cette série d’articles a été développée initialement pour la newsletter d’un groupe d’utilisateurs d’ordinateur dans lequel presque tous les membres utilisent |
| - | Those of us whose computers aren’t supported by Windows 11, either because of an old CPU or the lack of a TPM chip (or perhaps both!), can still run Windows 10 until October 14, 2025. And, we can do so secure in the knowledge that patches to the OS will be provided on a regular basis until this end-of-life date. So, there is no need to panic; we have more than two years to consider our options. | + | **Those of us whose computers aren’t supported by Windows 11, either because of an old CPU or the lack of a TPM chip (or perhaps both!), can still run Windows 10 until October 14, 2025. And, we can do so secure in the knowledge that patches to the OS will be provided on a regular basis until this end-of-life date. So, there is no need to panic; we have more than two years to consider our options. |
| - | Nevertheless, | + | Nevertheless, |
| - | So, if you are a dyed-in-the-wool | + | Ceux d’entre nous qui ont un ordinateur sur lequel Windows 11 ne peut pas être installé, soit à cause d’un vieux processeur, soit l’absence d’une puce TPM (ou peut-être les deux !) peuvent toujours utiliser |
| - | The first option is the easiest but the most restrictive. Nevertheless, it will provide an excellent opportunity to try out Linux without making any changes to your Windows | + | Cependant, finalement, les choix de base seront d’acheter un nouvel ordinateur qui est compatible avec Windows |
| - | Essentially, | + | **So, if you are a dyed-in-the-wool Windows user and are considering upgrading to Linux, or if you just have an interest in seeing how Linux functions, let me share with you three ways to try Linux without losing any ability to run your current version of Windows. |
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| + | The first option is the easiest but the most restrictive. Nevertheless, | ||
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| + | Ainsi, si vous êtes un utilisateur invétéré de Windows et envisagez de faire une mise à niveau vers Linux ou si vous voulez tout simplement avoir une idée du fonctionnement de Linux, permettez-moi de partager avec vous trois façons d’essayer Linux sans perdre la capacité d’exécuter votre version actuelle de Windows. | ||
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| + | La première option est la plus facile, mais la plus restrictive. Néanmoins, elle fournira une belle occasion d’essayer Linux sans apporter de changements à votre système Windows. De plus, si vous avez une clé USB de 4 Go (ou plus) à portée de main, cela ne vous coûtera rien du tout. | ||
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| + | **Essentially, | ||
| There are lots of Linux distros that we could use but, for me, a tried and tested option is Linux Mint. At the time of writing, the latest release is Version 21 (Vanessa). Most users will want the 64-bit distro which comes in three “flavours” (desktop environments). We will be using the default Cinnamon Edition as this is the desktop that perhaps most closely resembles Windows. | There are lots of Linux distros that we could use but, for me, a tried and tested option is Linux Mint. At the time of writing, the latest release is Version 21 (Vanessa). Most users will want the 64-bit distro which comes in three “flavours” (desktop environments). We will be using the default Cinnamon Edition as this is the desktop that perhaps most closely resembles Windows. | ||
| - | So, let’s get started… | + | So, let’s get started…** |
| - | Our first task is to download the chosen distro as an ISO file. Point your browser to: https:// | + | Essentiellement, |
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| + | Il y a beaucoup de distro Linux que nous pourrions utiliser, mais, à mon avis, une option éprouvée est Linux Mint. Au moment où j’écris ces lignes, la version la plus récente est la 21 (Vanessa). La plupart des utilisateurs voudront la distro 64-bit qui est livrée avec trois environnements de bureau. Nous allons utiliser la Cinnamon Edition (la version par défaut), puisqu’il s’agit du bureau qui, peut-être, est le plus similaire à Windows. | ||
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| + | Bon. Commençons... | ||
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| + | **Our first task is to download the chosen distro as an ISO file. Point your browser to: https:// | ||
| Next, we need some software that will burn this ISO file to a flash drive. Our choice for this will be Rufus (https:// | Next, we need some software that will burn this ISO file to a flash drive. Our choice for this will be Rufus (https:// | ||
| - | In the drop-down menu for Device, select the USB drive that is going to be the target for the Linux distro to become our bootable disk. Next, click on the SELECT button and browse to the Linux distro file (linuxmint-21-cinnamon-64bit.iso). | + | In the drop-down menu for Device, select the USB drive that is going to be the target for the Linux distro to become our bootable disk. Next, click on the SELECT button and browse to the Linux distro file (linuxmint-21-cinnamon-64bit.iso).** |
| - | Click on the START button and select the option to Write in ISO mode. Note that you will have to accept the warning that all data on the target USB drive will be destroyed. The START button is now greyed out and a green progress bar is displayed. Creating the bootable drive will take several minutes. Once the process is complete, the progress bar changes to READY. You can now click on the CLOSE button. | + | Tout d' |
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| + | Ensuite, nous avons besoin d’un logiciel qui gravera ce fichier ISO sur une clé USB. Nous choisirons Rufus (https:// | ||
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| + | Dans le menu déroulant pour Device (dispositif), | ||
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| + | **Click on the START button and select the option to Write in ISO mode. Note that you will have to accept the warning that all data on the target USB drive will be destroyed. The START button is now greyed out and a green progress bar is displayed. Creating the bootable drive will take several minutes. Once the process is complete, the progress bar changes to READY. You can now click on the CLOSE button. | ||
| Before shutting down the computer, make sure that you know how to boot the machine using the USB flash drive. You may have to go into the computer’s setup utility in order to change the boot order of the available devices. The User’s Manual for your computer will indicate how this is done, or just search on-line for a relevant how-to tutorial. On my Dell laptop, I can simply press the F12 key as the machine is powered on. This brings up a menu of boot options from which I can select the bootable flash drive. | Before shutting down the computer, make sure that you know how to boot the machine using the USB flash drive. You may have to go into the computer’s setup utility in order to change the boot order of the available devices. The User’s Manual for your computer will indicate how this is done, or just search on-line for a relevant how-to tutorial. On my Dell laptop, I can simply press the F12 key as the machine is powered on. This brings up a menu of boot options from which I can select the bootable flash drive. | ||
| - | You may see a few lines of text flashing by as the computer boots but these can be ignored. The lm (for Linux Mint) logo will be displayed as the boot process continues. After several seconds the desktop screen will be displayed. | + | You may see a few lines of text flashing by as the computer boots but these can be ignored. The lm (for Linux Mint) logo will be displayed as the boot process continues. After several seconds the desktop screen will be displayed. You may also notice a text box briefly displayed in the top-right corner of the screen and indicating that a Wi-Fi connection is available. Don’t worry that the message disappears. We will make the Wi-Fi connection next.** |
| - | You may also notice a text box briefly displayed in the top-right corner of the screen and indicating that a Wi-Fi connection is available. Don’t worry that the message disappears. We will make the Wi-Fi connection next. | + | |
| - | Before we explore the Linux system in any great detail, let’s establish the connection to our Wi-Fi network, the availability of which was indicated on boot-up. Left-click on the networking icon in the panel. This will bring up a menu with a list of available network connections. Click on your Wi-Fi network and enter your Wi-Fi password in the pop-up dialogue box. Click on the Connect button and a new pop-up box will indicate that the connection has been established. We can now load Firefox, type opcug.ca in the browser’s address bar, and check that the club’s web site is displayed. | + | Cliquez sur le bouton START (Commencer) et sélectionnez l’option Write in ISO mode (Écrire en mode ISO). Remarquez que vous devrez accepter l’avertissement que toutes les données sur la clé USB cible seront détruites. Le bouton START est maintenant grisé et une barre de progression verte est affichée. La création d’une clé amorçable prendra plusieurs minutes. Une fois le processus terminé, la barre de progression affiche READY (Prête), Vous pouvez maintenant cliquer sur le bouton CLOSE (Fermer). |
| - | Now, let’s turn our attention to the on-screen icons. Double-clicking on the Computer icon loads the Nemo file manager with a list of icons showing the available disk drives. One of these icons may include Windows 10 in its label. This is your C: drive and if you double-click on the icon you will see some familiar folders such as Program Files, Users, and Windows. However, note that Linux doesn’t use drive letters so, rather than seeing Drive C: as a label, you may find your drive displayed as just Windows 10. | + | Avant d’éteindre l’ordinateur, |
| - | Double-clicking on the Home icon once again loads Nemo, this time showing the folders in the Home directory of our Linux drive. This is similar to the personal folder in C:\Users that is associated with your Windows username. Note that some of the folders on the Linux system disk have familiar names and purposes, e.g. Documents, Pictures, and Videos. | + | Vous pourriez voir quelques lignes de texte qui passent rapidement devant vos yeux pendant le démarrage de l’ordinateur, |
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| + | **Before we explore the Linux system in any great detail, let’s establish the connection to our Wi-Fi network, the availability of which was indicated on boot-up. Left-click on the networking icon in the panel. This will bring up a menu with a list of available network connections. Click on your Wi-Fi network and enter your Wi-Fi password in the pop-up dialogue box. Click on the Connect button and a new pop-up box will indicate that the connection has been established. We can now load Firefox, type opcug.ca in the browser’s address bar, and check that the club’s web site is displayed. | ||
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| + | Now, let’s turn our attention to the on-screen icons. Double-clicking on the Computer icon loads the Nemo file manager with a list of icons showing the available disk drives. One of these icons may include Windows 10 in its label. This is your C: drive and if you double-click on the icon you will see some familiar folders such as Program Files, Users, and Windows. However, note that Linux doesn’t use drive letters so, rather than seeing Drive C: as a label, you may find your drive displayed as just Windows 10.** | ||
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| + | Avant d’explorer le système Linux en détail, établissons la connexion à notre réseau WiFi, dont la disponibilité était indiquée au démarrage. Faites un clic gauche sur l’icône du réseau dans le panneau et cela affichera un menu avec une liste de connexions réseau disponibles. Cliquez sur votre réseau WiFi et entrez votre mot de passe dans la boîte de dialogue qui se présente. Cliquez sur le bouton Connect et une nouvelle boîte s’affichera indiquant que la connexion a été établie. Nous pouvons maintenant charger Firefox, tapez opcug.ca dans la barre d’adresse du navigateur et vérifiez que le site Web du club est affiché. | ||
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| + | Maintenant, examinons les icônes sur l’écran. Un double-clic sur l’icône d’un ordinateur charge le gestionnaire de fichiers Nemo avec une liste d’icônes montrant les disques disponibles. L'une de ces icônes peut inclure Windows 10 dans son étiquette. Il s’agit de votre disque C: et, si vous double-cliquez sur l’icône, vous verrez quelques dossiers familiers comme Programmes, Utilisateurs et Windows. Toutefois, notez que Linux n’utilise pas de lettres pour les disques ; ainsi, plutôt que de voir disque C: comme étiquette, vous verrez peut-être que votre disque s’affiche tout simplement comme Windows 10. | ||
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| + | **Double-clicking on the Home icon once again loads Nemo, this time showing the folders in the Home directory of our Linux drive. This is similar to the personal folder in C:\Users that is associated with your Windows username. Note that some of the folders on the Linux system disk have familiar names and purposes, e.g. Documents, Pictures, and Videos. | ||
| I indicated at the outset that using a live-USB was a restrictive method of using Linux. The reason for this is that we have no capability to store files in, for example, the Linux Documents folder for later retrieval since when we shut down the live Linux session the entire folder structure will be lost. (However, note that we can “cheat” and save such files to a real folder such as Windows 10\Users\< | I indicated at the outset that using a live-USB was a restrictive method of using Linux. The reason for this is that we have no capability to store files in, for example, the Linux Documents folder for later retrieval since when we shut down the live Linux session the entire folder structure will be lost. (However, note that we can “cheat” and save such files to a real folder such as Windows 10\Users\< | ||
| - | Linux distros come bundled with lots of useful software and Mint is no exception. All of the available applications can be accessed through the main menu. So, clicking on the menu icon brings up the on-screen menu which is similar to the Start Menu in Windows. | + | Linux distros come bundled with lots of useful software and Mint is no exception. All of the available applications can be accessed through the main menu. So, clicking on the menu icon brings up the on-screen menu which is similar to the Start Menu in Windows.** |
| - | The available programs are arranged in categories. For example, a single click to select Office will change the right side of the menu to list the Calendar, Library (recent documents and favourites), | + | Un double-clic sur l’icône Home recharge Nemo, qui, cette fois-ci, affiche les dossiers du répertoire Home de notre disque Linux. Cela ressemble au dossier personnel dans C:\Users associé à votre nom d’utilisateur sous Windows. Notez que certains des dossiers sur le disque système de Linux ont des noms et des objets familiers, par exemple Documents, Images et Vidéos. |
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| + | J’ai indiqué dès le début que l’utilisation d’un USB Live était une méthode restrictive d’utiliser Linux. En fait, c’est parce que nous ne pouvons pas stocker des fichiers dans, par exemple, le dossier Documents de Linux pour une récupération plus tard, puisque, quand nous terminons une session Live de Linux, toute la structure des dossiers est perdue. (Cependant, notez que l’on peut « tricher » et sauvegarder de tels fichiers dans un vrai dossier comme Windows 10\Utilisateurs\< | ||
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| + | Les distros Linux sont livrées avec beaucoup de logiciels utiles et Mint ne fait pas exception à la règle. Toutes les applications disponibles sont accessibles à partir du menu principal. Aussi, si vous cliquez sur l’icône de menu, un menu similaire au menu Start sous Windows s’affiche sur l’écran. | ||
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| + | **The available programs are arranged in categories. For example, a single click to select Office will change the right side of the menu to list the Calendar, Library (recent documents and favourites), | ||
| The icons down the left side of the menu include Firefox, Software Manager, System Settings and, at the bottom, Quit (the red “power” icon). Once again, any changes we make, such as installing new software, will not be maintained through a reboot; however, all of the features of the Mint distro are available to us for testing. So, think about what you would normally do when you boot into Windows and explore how to do the same (or similar) things in Linux! | The icons down the left side of the menu include Firefox, Software Manager, System Settings and, at the bottom, Quit (the red “power” icon). Once again, any changes we make, such as installing new software, will not be maintained through a reboot; however, all of the features of the Mint distro are available to us for testing. So, think about what you would normally do when you boot into Windows and explore how to do the same (or similar) things in Linux! | ||
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| To shut the live session down, navigate to Menu – Quit and select Shut Down. A message will ask you to remove the bootable USB drive. Once you have done this, press Enter and the computer will power down. | To shut the live session down, navigate to Menu – Quit and select Shut Down. A message will ask you to remove the bootable USB drive. Once you have done this, press Enter and the computer will power down. | ||
| - | We are now ready for our second expedition into the world of Linux. But that will have to wait until Part 2 of the series. | + | We are now ready for our second expedition into the world of Linux. But that will have to wait until Part 2 of the series.** |
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| + | Les programmes disponibles sont triés par catégorie. Par exemple, un seul clic pour sélectionner Office (Bureau) changera le côté droit du menu pour lister le Calendrier, la Bibiothèque (les documents récents et vos favoris) et les modules de LibreOffice y compris Document texte, Classeur et Présentation – similaire à Word, Excel et PowerPoint). | ||
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| + | Les icônes sur le côté gauche du menu comprennent Firefox, le Gestionnaire des logiciels, les Paramètres système et, en bas, Quitter (l’icône rouge d’alimentation). À nouveau, tous changements que nous faisons, comme installer de nouveaux logiciels, ne seront pas gardés après un redémarrage ; | ||
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| + | Pour terminer la session Live, naviguez vers Menu – Quitter et sélectionnez Éteindre. Un message vous dira d’enlever le disque USB amorçable. Une fois cela fait, appuyez sur Entrée et l’ordinateur s’éteindra. | ||
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| + | Nous somme maintenant prêts pour notre deuxième expédition dans le monde de Linux. Mais cela devra attendre jusqu’à la Partie 2 de la série. | ||
issue196/mon_opinion.1692979594.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2023/08/25 18:06 de auntiee