issue198:latex
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
| Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
| issue198:latex [2023/11/01 18:06] – traduction OK darkjam | issue198:latex [2023/11/02 15:19] (Version actuelle) – andre_domenech | ||
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| A bibliography is a necessary part of any academic paper, whether it is published in a peer-reviewed journal or an assignment submitted to a teacher. The basic rule for references is simple. If the words or ideas included in your paper were written by someone else you have to use a reference, you have to give credit where credit is due. Not to do so means you claim their words are your words. You are lying, misrepresenting the truth. Portions of your paper, article, book, have been copied from someone else. Officially this is called plagiarism, also known as cheating.** | A bibliography is a necessary part of any academic paper, whether it is published in a peer-reviewed journal or an assignment submitted to a teacher. The basic rule for references is simple. If the words or ideas included in your paper were written by someone else you have to use a reference, you have to give credit where credit is due. Not to do so means you claim their words are your words. You are lying, misrepresenting the truth. Portions of your paper, article, book, have been copied from someone else. Officially this is called plagiarism, also known as cheating.** | ||
| - | Cette fois-ci, nous allons élargir encore plus la « partie arrière » du livre. J’ai commencé à travailler avec l’exemple | + | Cette fois-ci, nous allons élargir encore plus la « partie arrière » du livre. J’ai commencé à travailler avec l’exemple |
| + | |||
| + | Une bibliographie est une partie nécessaire de tout article académique, | ||
| - | Une bibliographie est une partie nécessaire de tout article académique, | ||
| **The recipes I included in the sample cookbook I collected from email and various web sites. Most of them I have had for more than ten years. However, they are not my work. I do not know the sources for any of them. I do not claim they are my work. In this issue, I will provide the recipes with fictional sources of various kinds. | **The recipes I included in the sample cookbook I collected from email and various web sites. Most of them I have had for more than ten years. However, they are not my work. I do not know the sources for any of them. I do not claim they are my work. In this issue, I will provide the recipes with fictional sources of various kinds. | ||
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| If you have had to write something that included at least one other person’s words, you should know there are different ways to indicate the source of other persons’ words. The oldest way was to use numbered footnotes at the bottom of the page where the quoted material appeared, and then a complete listing of all sources in a bibliography (list of references) at the end. More recently, endnotes have become acceptable in many publications. They are similar to footnotes in that they are numbered in the text but the list of notes appears either at the end of the chapter (less common), or at the end of the book. Sometimes, the numbering was sequential from beginning to end. Usually in a book, the numbering restarted at 1 at the beginning of each chapter and the list of endnotes was divided by chapter. For many years, the standard in scientific papers has been inline references (or citations) plus a bibliography at the end of the book.** | If you have had to write something that included at least one other person’s words, you should know there are different ways to indicate the source of other persons’ words. The oldest way was to use numbered footnotes at the bottom of the page where the quoted material appeared, and then a complete listing of all sources in a bibliography (list of references) at the end. More recently, endnotes have become acceptable in many publications. They are similar to footnotes in that they are numbered in the text but the list of notes appears either at the end of the chapter (less common), or at the end of the book. Sometimes, the numbering was sequential from beginning to end. Usually in a book, the numbering restarted at 1 at the beginning of each chapter and the list of endnotes was divided by chapter. For many years, the standard in scientific papers has been inline references (or citations) plus a bibliography at the end of the book.** | ||
| - | Les recettes que j’ai incluses dans le livre de recettes | + | Les recettes que j’ai incluses dans le livre de recettes, je les ai recueillies |
| + | |||
| + | Si vous avez dû écrire quelque chose qui comprenait les paroles d’au moins une autre personne, vous devez savoir qu’il existe différentes façons d’indiquer la source des paroles d’autres personnes. La méthode la plus ancienne consistait à utiliser des notes de bas de page numérotées au bas de la page où les documents cités apparaissaient, | ||
| - | Si vous avez dû écrire quelque chose qui comprenait au moins les paroles d’une autre personne, vous devez savoir qu’il existe différentes façons d’indiquer la source des paroles d’autres personnes. La méthode la plus ancienne consistait à utiliser des notes de bas de page numérotées au bas de la page où les documents cités apparaissaient, | ||
| **There are “style sheets” for various types of citations and reference lists: APA, Chicago, MLA, etc. Every publication and every publisher will have a style for references. The style chosen might be their own custom style. More likely, they will use one of the well-known standards either as is or with a few modifications that make it more suitable for its intended audience. | **There are “style sheets” for various types of citations and reference lists: APA, Chicago, MLA, etc. Every publication and every publisher will have a style for references. The style chosen might be their own custom style. More likely, they will use one of the well-known standards either as is or with a few modifications that make it more suitable for its intended audience. | ||
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| There are more than 1.5 pages of references in the index to The Latex Companion dealing with bibliography. There are another two pages for references for “cite” and “citations”, | There are more than 1.5 pages of references in the index to The Latex Companion dealing with bibliography. There are another two pages for references for “cite” and “citations”, | ||
| - | Il y a des « feuilles de style » pour divers types de citations et de listes de référence : APA, Chicago, MLA, etc. Chaque publication et chaque éditeur aura un style pour les références. Le style choisi pourrait être leur propre style personnalisé. Plus probablement, | + | Il y a des « feuilles de style » pour divers types de citations et de listes de références : APA, Chicago, MLA, etc. Chaque publication et chaque éditeur aura un style pour les références. Le style choisi pourrait être leur propre style personnalisé. Plus probablement, |
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| + | Il y a plus de 1,5 pages de références dans l’index de The LaTeX Companion traitant de bibliographie. Il y a deux autres pages de références pour « citer » et « citations », | ||
| - | Il y a plus de 1,5 pages de références dans l’index de The Latex Companion traitant de bibliographie. Il y a deux autres pages de références pour « citer » et « citations », | ||
| **There are two major programs used by Latex to build bibliographies: | **There are two major programs used by Latex to build bibliographies: | ||
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| The first step in building a bibliography is to have sources to include in it. One way is available in TexStudio but not in Gummi (the two Latex GUIs I have on my system): a Bibliography menu. When selected, it shows a long list of different types of sources. Pick the one that is most relevant to your source, and fill in the blanks. What you are building is a one-table, multiple-field database. Before you select the Bibliography menu, you must open a new file in TexStudio (or open an existing bibliography database file). The file must be saved using “bib” as the file type. For ease of use, name it the same as the principle file and save it to the same directory as the principle file. (The name and location can be different than suggested, but you should have a good reason to do so.)** | The first step in building a bibliography is to have sources to include in it. One way is available in TexStudio but not in Gummi (the two Latex GUIs I have on my system): a Bibliography menu. When selected, it shows a long list of different types of sources. Pick the one that is most relevant to your source, and fill in the blanks. What you are building is a one-table, multiple-field database. Before you select the Bibliography menu, you must open a new file in TexStudio (or open an existing bibliography database file). The file must be saved using “bib” as the file type. For ease of use, name it the same as the principle file and save it to the same directory as the principle file. (The name and location can be different than suggested, but you should have a good reason to do so.)** | ||
| - | Il y a deux grands | + | Il y a deux programmes |
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| + | La première étape dans la construction d’une bibliographie est d’avoir des sources à y inclure. Un moyen est disponible dans TeXstudio, mais pas dans Gummi (les deux interfaces graphiques pour LaTeX que j’ai sur mon système) : | ||
| - | La première étape dans la construction d’une bibliographie est d’avoir des sources à y inclure. Un moyen est disponible dans TexStudio mais pas dans Gummi (les deux interfaces graphiques en latex que j’ai sur mon système) : | ||
| **Once the file has been opened (and possibly saved), select the type of reference from the Bibliography menu in TexStudio and then fill in the information. Optional information is indicated with OPT at the beginning of the field name, required information is not. If you do not complete the required information, | **Once the file has been opened (and possibly saved), select the type of reference from the Bibliography menu in TexStudio and then fill in the information. Optional information is indicated with OPT at the beginning of the field name, required information is not. If you do not complete the required information, | ||
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| Each record in the bib file will start with an ampersand @, followed by the name of the type of source, then a curly brace. Immediately after the curly brace you should supply a unique value (name) for the source. You can name a source anything you wish. I suggest you use something you will remember since it is this identifier that is used in the cite instruction in the body of your article or book or whatever. I normally use the author’s last name, unless I have two or more sources from the same author, and then I might include a year or part of the title of the source. (A little more about this when we get to the cite instruction.)** | Each record in the bib file will start with an ampersand @, followed by the name of the type of source, then a curly brace. Immediately after the curly brace you should supply a unique value (name) for the source. You can name a source anything you wish. I suggest you use something you will remember since it is this identifier that is used in the cite instruction in the body of your article or book or whatever. I normally use the author’s last name, unless I have two or more sources from the same author, and then I might include a year or part of the title of the source. (A little more about this when we get to the cite instruction.)** | ||
| - | Une fois le fichier ouvert (et éventuellement enregistré), | + | Une fois le fichier ouvert (et éventuellement enregistré), |
| - | Chaque enregistrement dans le fichier bib commencera par un ampersand | + | Chaque enregistrement dans le fichier bib commencera par un arobase |
| - | ** | + | |
| - | Another way to add records to the bib file is to copy them from an online source. Many books and journal articles have included bibliographic information in various formats on websites. Google Scholar is one place to find such information. Even if you own the source, sometimes it is easier to copy and paste the required information from a website to your bib file than to type it all yourself. Often the bibliographic information online is more complete than what you might type. I looked up a book I own on books.google.ca, | + | |
| + | **Another way to add records to the bib file is to copy them from an online source. Many books and journal articles have included bibliographic information in various formats on websites. Google Scholar is one place to find such information. Even if you own the source, sometimes it is easier to copy and paste the required information from a website to your bib file than to type it all yourself. Often the bibliographic information online is more complete than what you might type. I looked up a book I own on books.google.ca, | ||
| Once you have at least one source recorded in a bib file, you need two more steps to make the bibliography appear in the PDF of your document, well three steps if you count compilation, | Once you have at least one source recorded in a bib file, you need two more steps to make the bibliography appear in the PDF of your document, well three steps if you count compilation, | ||
| + | Une autre façon d’ajouter des enregistrements au fichier bib est de les copier à partir d’une source en ligne. De nombreux livres et articles de revues ont inclus des informations bibliographiques sous divers formats sur des sites Web. Google Scholar est un endroit pour trouver de telles informations. Même si vous possédez la source, il est parfois plus facile de copier et de coller les informations requises d’un site Web dans votre fichier bib que de tout taper vous-même. Souvent, l’information bibliographique en ligne est plus complète que ce que vous pourriez taper. J’ai consulté un livre que je possède sur books.google.ca et j’ai trouvé des renseignements bibliographiques en trois formats : BibTeX, EndNote, RefMan. | ||
| - | Une autre façon d’ajouter des enregistrements | + | Une fois que vous avez au moins une source |
| - | Une fois que vous avez au moins une source enregistrée dans un fichier | ||
| **Step 1: Cite the item in the appropriate place in your document. | **Step 1: Cite the item in the appropriate place in your document. | ||
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| \bibliography{fcm198index} | \bibliography{fcm198index} | ||
| - | ** | + | |
| - | Étape 1 : Citez l’élément à l’endroit approprié dans votre document. | + | **Étape 1 : Citez l’élément à l’endroit approprié dans votre document. |
| Étape 2 : Ajoutez des instructions au document afin que la bibliographie apparaisse à l’endroit où vous le souhaitez. | Étape 2 : Ajoutez des instructions au document afin que la bibliographie apparaisse à l’endroit où vous le souhaitez. | ||
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| \bibliography{fcm198index} | \bibliography{fcm198index} | ||
| - | ** | ||
| - | These two instructions are both required. However, the options inside the curly braces will change. Remember I said the bib file is best named the same as the main document file. See the {fcm198index} instruction. That points to the fcm198index.bib file saved in the same directory as the main document. If you decide to save it with a different name, myrefs.bib for example, that name would appear as \bibliography{myrefs}. If you also saved it in a different directory, the path to that directory must be included inside the curly braces. | ||
| - | The bibliographystyle{alpha} is also required. | + | **These two instructions are both required. |
| + | The bibliographystyle{alpha} is also required. It tells Latex how to set up the citations in the body of the document and how to set up the bibliography. {alpha} is the default style, which I do not like very much. I am used to using either APA or MLA, or some form of scientific-style citation. There are several built-in bibliography styles, and many other packages can be obtained from ctan.org. I did not want to load this issue with a lot of screenshots. If you are interested, I suggest you take a look at any of the following styles: plain, acm, apalike, ieeetr. To find out what bibliography styles are installed on your computer, do a search for files of type bst. My standard Latex installation has at least two hundred *.bst files.** | ||
| - | Ces deux instructions sont nécessaires. Cependant, les options à l’intérieur des accolades changeront. Rappelez-vous que j’ai dit que le fichier bib est mieux nommé | + | Ces deux instructions sont nécessaires. Cependant, les options à l’intérieur des accolades changeront. Rappelez-vous que j’ai dit qu'il est mieux de nommer |
| - | La bibliographystyle{alpha} est également requise. | + | La bibliographystyle{alpha} est également requise. |
| **In order to have a bibliography, | **In order to have a bibliography, | ||
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| As an example, the Chinese Sesame Buns recipe has a reference to Fuchsia Dunlop’s book. In the tex file, the reference is \cite{Dun19}. This citation points to item Dun19 in the bibliography. (This recipe has nothing to do with Fuchsia Dunlop, I use it only as an example.) See image previous page, bottom right.** | As an example, the Chinese Sesame Buns recipe has a reference to Fuchsia Dunlop’s book. In the tex file, the reference is \cite{Dun19}. This citation points to item Dun19 in the bibliography. (This recipe has nothing to do with Fuchsia Dunlop, I use it only as an example.) See image previous page, bottom right.** | ||
| - | Afin d’avoir une bibliographie, | + | Afin d’avoir une bibliographie, |
| - | À titre d’exemple, | + | À titre d’exemple, |
| - | **The last step in generating a PDF file from the Latex code is to compile the document. As with the index, a document with a bibliography has to be compiled at least three times. The first time and the third time are standard, the second time compiles the information for the citations and the bibliography. Again, TexStudio is very helpful with a Bibliography (F8) item in the Tools menu. Since compiling a standard document takes very little time, doing this three-step process does not slow down document production very much. If you have made changes to citations or sources, you must do the three-step recompile to update the final PDF. (Of course, if you have changed the indexing items as well, you must also recompile for the index, making this a four-step process in TexStudio.) | ||
| - | Next time, I will show how to make the chapter titles clickable “live links”. Readers will not need to scroll through pages or use PDF Find in order to navigate through your thesis or cookbook or whatever. | + | **The last step in generating a PDF file from the Latex code is to compile the document. As with the index, a document with a bibliography has to be compiled at least three times. The first time and the third time are standard, the second time compiles the information for the citations and the bibliography. Again, TexStudio is very helpful with a Bibliography (F8) item in the Tools menu. Since compiling a standard document takes very little time, doing this three-step process does not slow down document production very much. If you have made changes |
| - | ** | + | |
| - | La dernière étape pour générer un fichier PDF à partir du code Latex est de compiler le document. Comme pour l’index, un document avec une bibliographie doit être compilé au moins trois fois. La première et la troisième fois sont standard, la deuxième fois compile les informations pour les citations et la bibliographie. Encore une fois, TexStudio est très utile avec un élément Bibliographie (F8) dans le menu Outils. Étant donné que la compilation d’un document standard prend très peu de temps, ce processus en trois étapes ne ralentit pas beaucoup la production de documents. Si vous avez apporté des modifications aux citations ou aux sources, vous devez effectuer la recompilation en trois étapes pour mettre à jour le fichier | + | Next time, I will show how to make the chapter titles clickable “live links”. Readers will not need to scroll through pages or use PDF Find in order to navigate through your thesis or cookbook or whatever.** |
| - | La prochaine | + | La dernière étape pour générer un fichier PDF à partir du code LaTeX est de compiler le document. Comme pour l’index, un document avec une bibliographie doit être compilé au moins trois fois. La première et la troisième fois sont standard, la deuxième fois compile |
| + | La prochaine fois, je montrerai comment faire en sorte que les titres des chapitres soient cliquables par des « liens directs ». Les lecteurs n’auront pas besoin de faire défiler les pages ou d’utiliser PDF Find pour naviguer dans votre thèse, livre de cuisine ou autre. | ||
issue198/latex.1698858397.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2023/11/01 18:06 de darkjam