issue203:critique2
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Prochaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue203:critique2 [2024/03/30 10:20] – créée auntiee | issue203:critique2 [2024/04/03 08:40] (Version actuelle) – d52fr | ||
---|---|---|---|
Ligne 1: | Ligne 1: | ||
- | As part of our series on the other ‘buntus, Linux distributions that are based on Ubuntu and still carry its name or at least parts of it, I thought this month we would look at a slice of Linux history: Cubuntu. | + | **As part of our series on the other ‘buntus, Linux distributions that are based on Ubuntu and still carry its name or at least parts of it, I thought this month we would look at a slice of Linux history: Cubuntu. |
- | Developed from 2012 until the project ended in 2017, I recently discovered that the last release, Cubuntu 16.04.3 LTS, is still available for download from the official Cubuntu SourceForge project page. That means that despite being a bit of a historical artifact, given the right hardware, it can still be run today. Even though it is out of standard support, extended support is still available. | + | Developed from 2012 until the project ended in 2017, I recently discovered that the last release, Cubuntu 16.04.3 LTS, is still available for download from the official Cubuntu SourceForge project page. That means that despite being a bit of a historical artifact, given the right hardware, it can still be run today. Even though it is out of standard support, extended support is still available.** |
- | Background | + | Dans notre série des autres ‘buntus, des distributions Linux basées sur Ubuntu et qui gardent son nom, ou au moins une référence au nom, je pensais que, ce mois-ci, nous examinerions une tranche de l’histoire de Linux : Cubuntu. |
+ | |||
+ | Développée de 2012 jusqu’à la fin du projet en 2017, j’ai découvert récemment que la dernière version, Cubuntu 16.04.3 LTS est toujours disponible au téléchargement à partir de la page officielle du projet Cubuntu SourceForge. Cela signifie que, malgré son statut d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Background | ||
The story of Cubuntu is really tied to GNOME 3. When GNOME 3 was publicly introduced in 2011 as a replacement for the very popular GNOME 2 desktop, it was notable for how many people hated it. Even Linus Torvalds, the creator of the Linux kernel, termed it a "total user experience design failure" | The story of Cubuntu is really tied to GNOME 3. When GNOME 3 was publicly introduced in 2011 as a replacement for the very popular GNOME 2 desktop, it was notable for how many people hated it. Even Linus Torvalds, the creator of the Linux kernel, termed it a "total user experience design failure" | ||
- | Ubuntu launched Unity in Ubuntu 10.10 for netbooks and as Ubuntu 11.04 for the general desktop. At that time, there were already flavors of Ubuntu with several different desktops including KDE and Xfce and LXDE so creating Ubuntu flavors with Cinnamon and MATE made sense, it just needed someone to take the projects on. | + | Ubuntu launched Unity in Ubuntu 10.10 for netbooks and as Ubuntu 11.04 for the general desktop. At that time, there were already flavors of Ubuntu with several different desktops including KDE and Xfce and LXDE so creating Ubuntu flavors with Cinnamon and MATE made sense, it just needed someone to take the projects on.** |
- | In 2012, Eric Kranich of France started Cubuntu with a first release of 12.04 LTS. He conceived Cubuntu to be different from the other existing Ubuntu flavors, though. Kranich termed his project a “100% Ubuntu Ultimate Edition”. He kept everything Ubuntu had, including the Unity interface, and added two more desktop installation options. The default would be the new Cinnamon desktop, with MATE and Unity as options at installation, | + | Contexte |
+ | |||
+ | L’histoire de Cubuntu est vraiment liée à GNOME 3. Quand GNOME 3 a été présenté en 2011 pour remplacer le bureau GNOME 2, qui était très populaire, il était remarquable par le nombre de gens qui le détestaient. Même Linus Torvalds, le créateur du noyau Linux, l’a décrit comme « l’échec total d’une conception d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ubuntu a lancé Unity dans Ubuntu 10.10 pour les netbooks et en tant que Ubuntu 11.04 pour l’environnement de bureau général. À l’époque il y avait déjà des saveurs d’Ubuntu avec plusieurs bureaux différents, | ||
+ | |||
+ | **In 2012, Eric Kranich of France started Cubuntu with a first release of 12.04 LTS. He conceived Cubuntu to be different from the other existing Ubuntu flavors, though. Kranich termed his project a “100% Ubuntu Ultimate Edition”. He kept everything Ubuntu had, including the Unity interface, and added two more desktop installation options. The default would be the new Cinnamon desktop, with MATE and Unity as options at installation, | ||
Getting Cubuntu 16.04 LTS | Getting Cubuntu 16.04 LTS | ||
Ligne 15: | Ligne 25: | ||
I discovered how to get the last Cubuntu version download from an interesting website, ArchiveOS.org. It is a sort of an online Linux, Solaris, BSD and Open DOS museum which has a page and at least one download for many old distributions, | I discovered how to get the last Cubuntu version download from an interesting website, ArchiveOS.org. It is a sort of an online Linux, Solaris, BSD and Open DOS museum which has a page and at least one download for many old distributions, | ||
- | I downloaded the 2.8 GB file via https as there is no BitTorrent download. There are too few people downloading it for BitTorrent to work anyway. ArchiveOS provided an MD5 sum to validate the downloaded ISO file and that worked fine. There is no SHA256 sum provided. | + | I downloaded the 2.8 GB file via https as there is no BitTorrent download. There are too few people downloading it for BitTorrent to work anyway. ArchiveOS provided an MD5 sum to validate the downloaded ISO file and that worked fine. There is no SHA256 sum provided.** |
+ | |||
+ | En 2012, Eric Kranich de France a démarré Cubuntu avec une première version, la 12.04 LTS. Cependant, il avait conçu Cubuntu pour qu’elle soit différente des autres saveurs existantes d’Ubuntu. Kranich appelait son projet « une Ubuntu Ultimate Edition à 100 % ». Il a gardé tout ce qu’avait Ubuntu, y compris l’interface Unity, et a ajouté deux options supplémentaires d’installation de bureau. Par défaut ce serait le nouveau bureau Cinnamon, et MATE et Unity seraient des options disponibles à l’installation, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Obtenir Cubuntu 16.04 LTS | ||
+ | |||
+ | J’ai trouvé comment obtenir le téléchargement de la dernière version de Cubuntu à partir d’un site Web intéressant, | ||
+ | |||
+ | J’ai téléchargé le fichier de 2,8 Go via https, car il n’y a pas de téléchargement avec BitTorrent. De toute façon, trop peu de gens le téléchargent pour que BitTorrent fonctionne. ArchiveOS a fourni une somme MD5 pour la validation du fichier ISO et cela a très bien fonctionné. Aucune somme SHA256 n’est fournie. | ||
- | Installing | + | **Installing |
As usual, I did not install Cubuntu for testing but, instead, ran it as a live session from a USB stick equipped with Ventoy 1.0.96. Cubuntu is not listed as having been tested as working with Ventoy but it booted up just fine. | As usual, I did not install Cubuntu for testing but, instead, ran it as a live session from a USB stick equipped with Ventoy 1.0.96. Cubuntu is not listed as having been tested as working with Ventoy but it booted up just fine. | ||
Ligne 27: | Ligne 45: | ||
Trying out Cubuntu 16.04 LTS | Trying out Cubuntu 16.04 LTS | ||
- | Booting up Cubuntu presents a nice Cinnamon desktop with an Ubuntu style purple and orange wallpaper. | + | Booting up Cubuntu presents a nice Cinnamon desktop with an Ubuntu style purple and orange wallpaper.** |
- | In addition to the simple Cinnamon menu, Cubuntu comes with a dock that can be turned on from an icon on the panel. The dock then appears vertically on the screen’s right side. It is very Mac-like in appearance and the icons “swell” on mouse over. The dock can be easily turned off using a button on the dock itself. | + | Installation |
+ | |||
+ | Comme d’habitude, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Exigences système | ||
+ | |||
+ | Je n’arrivais pas à trouver des exigences système. Cela étant dit, cette distribution utilise le noyau Linux 4.10.0, qui ne prendra sans doute pas en charge du matériel plus récent que 2017, environ. Je l’ai exécutée sur un vieil ordinateur de bureau qui date de 2012. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Essayer Cubuntu 16.04 LTS | ||
+ | |||
+ | Au démarrage de Cubuntu, un bureau Cinnamon sympa s’affiche, | ||
+ | |||
+ | **In addition to the simple Cinnamon menu, Cubuntu comes with a dock that can be turned on from an icon on the panel. The dock then appears vertically on the screen’s right side. It is very Mac-like in appearance and the icons “swell” on mouse over. The dock can be easily turned off using a button on the dock itself. | ||
Even though version 16.04.3 LTS was the last Cubuntu version and was the product of five years of development, | Even though version 16.04.3 LTS was the last Cubuntu version and was the product of five years of development, | ||
- | I also had issues with the Cinnamon menu. It worked fine using the keyboard but did not work well with my mouse, closing the menu on any mouse click instead of selecting the desired application to open. This may have been a unique issue to my 2012 vintage test hardware. | + | I also had issues with the Cinnamon menu. It worked fine using the keyboard but did not work well with my mouse, closing the menu on any mouse click instead of selecting the desired application to open. This may have been a unique issue to my 2012 vintage test hardware.** |
- | Cubuntu boots up in a live session with a default French keyboard arrangement. There is a quick panel setting to change this to English, which is good, as my English keyboard did not work right with a French keyboard arrangement set. There are only the two keyboard layout choices given, English and French. | + | Outre le menu Cinnamon simple, Cubuntu est livré avec un dock qui peut être activé à partir d’une icône sur le panneau. Le dock s’affiche alors verticalement sur le côté droit de l’écran. Son apparence est très similaire à celle d’un Mac et les icônes « gonflent » quand on passe la souris dessus. Le dock peut être désactivé facilement avec un bouton sur le dock lui-même. |
+ | |||
+ | Bien que la version 16.04.3 LTS soit la dernière version de Cubuntu et le produit de cinq ans de développement, | ||
+ | |||
+ | J’ai eu également des problèmes avec le menu Cinnamon. Il fonctionnait très bien avec le clavier, mais pas avec la souris : un clic sur la souris fermait le menu au lieu de sélectionner l’application que je voulais ouvrir. Cela peut être un problème unique lié à mon matériel de test vintage de 2012. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Cubuntu boots up in a live session with a default French keyboard arrangement. There is a quick panel setting to change this to English, which is good, as my English keyboard did not work right with a French keyboard arrangement set. There are only the two keyboard layout choices given, English and French. | ||
More of an issue, one also noted by contemporary reviews, is that all versions of Cubuntu boot up in French only. Installed systems are also in French (although the installer is in English). Once you have it installed in French, you can use the included Synaptic package manager to install other languages but you have to be able to read enough French to accomplish that! | More of an issue, one also noted by contemporary reviews, is that all versions of Cubuntu boot up in French only. Installed systems are also in French (although the installer is in English). Once you have it installed in French, you can use the included Synaptic package manager to install other languages but you have to be able to read enough French to accomplish that! | ||
- | Overall, these drawbacks probably go a long way to explain the lack of popularity of Cubuntu during its lifespan and contributed to its 2017 demise. | + | Overall, these drawbacks probably go a long way to explain the lack of popularity of Cubuntu during its lifespan and contributed to its 2017 demise.** |
- | Settings | + | Cubuntu démarre dans une session Live avec, par défaut, la disposition du clavier français. Il y a un paramètre sur le panneau pour changer cela rapidement en anglais, ce qui est bien, car mon clavier anglais ne fonctionnait pas bien avec la disposition française du clavier. Il n’y a que deux options de disposition du clavier : anglais et français. |
+ | |||
+ | Davantage un problème, noté aussi par les critiques contemporaines, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Tout compte fait, ces désavantages probablement expliquent en grande partie le manque de popularité de Cubuntu pendant sa vie et ont contribué à son décès en 2017. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Settings | ||
Cubuntu comes with a wide variety of settings for user customization. These include 48 wallpaper designs, five cursor styles, 13 icon sets and an amazing total of 56 window color themes, although I have to note that the majority of these don't work right. | Cubuntu comes with a wide variety of settings for user customization. These include 48 wallpaper designs, five cursor styles, 13 icon sets and an amazing total of 56 window color themes, although I have to note that the majority of these don't work right. | ||
- | The default window theme is a custom one called “Cubuntu” which is an attractive and simple light theme. | + | The default window theme is a custom one called “Cubuntu” which is an attractive and simple light theme.** |
- | Applications | + | Paramètres |
+ | |||
+ | Cubuntu est livré avec une large variété de paramètres pour la personnalisation par l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le thème de fenêtres par défaut est un thème personnalisé appelé « Cubuntu ». C'est un thème clair simple et attrayant. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Applications | ||
Some of the applications included with Cubuntu 16.04.3 LTS are: | Some of the applications included with Cubuntu 16.04.3 LTS are: | ||
Ligne 83: | Ligne 131: | ||
XTerm 322-1 terminal emulator | XTerm 322-1 terminal emulator | ||
- | * indicates proprietary software | + | * indicates proprietary software** |
- | This list of included applications is quite long and includes a great variety of capabilities. For instance, there are not a lot of distributions that include a video editor by default. The default applications do include some redundancies, | + | Applications |
+ | |||
+ | Voici quelques-unes des applications livrée avec Cubuntu 16.04.3 LTS : | ||
+ | |||
+ | Audacity 2.1.2 éditeur audio | ||
+ | Brasero 3.12.1 graveur de CD/DVD | ||
+ | Cheese 3.18.1 utilitaire de webcam | ||
+ | Empathy 3.12.11 contacts | ||
+ | Evolution 3.18.5.2 client mail | ||
+ | FileZilla 3.15.0.2 client de protocole de transfert de fichiers | ||
+ | Firefox 54.0 navigateur Web | ||
+ | Geany 1.27 environnement de développement intégré (IDE) | ||
+ | GNOME Disks 3.18.3.1 gestionnaire de disques | ||
+ | GNOME Document Viewer (Evince) 3.18.2 visionneur de PDF | ||
+ | GNOME System Monitor 3.18.2 moniteur système | ||
+ | GNOME Terminal 3.18.3 émulateur de terminal | ||
+ | GNOME Text Editor (gedit) 3.18.3 éditeur de texte | ||
+ | Google Chrome 60.0.3112.90 navigateur Web* | ||
+ | GParted 0.25.0 gestionnaire de partitions | ||
+ | Kazam 1.4.5 captures d’écran | ||
+ | LibreOffice 5.1.6.2 suite bureautique | ||
+ | Nemo 2.8.6 gestionnaire de fichiers | ||
+ | Openshot 1.4.3 éditeur de vidéos | ||
+ | Radio Tray 0.7.3 lecteur de flux de radio en ligne | ||
+ | Remmina 1.1.2 client de bureau à distance | ||
+ | Rhythmbox 3.3 lecteur de musique | ||
+ | Shotwell 0.22.0 gestionnaire de photos | ||
+ | Synaptic 0.83 gestionnaire de paquets | ||
+ | Skype 4.3.0.37 conférences vidéo* | ||
+ | Spotify client pour musique en mode streaming* | ||
+ | Thunderbird 52.2.1 client mail | ||
+ | Transmission 2.84 client BitTorrent | ||
+ | UXTerm (Bash) 4.3.14 émulateur de terminal | ||
+ | VLC 2.2.2 lecteur de média | ||
+ | XTerm 322-1 émulateur de terminal | ||
+ | |||
+ | * indique un logiciel propriétaire | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | **This list of included applications is quite long and includes a great variety of capabilities. For instance, there are not a lot of distributions that include a video editor by default. The default applications do include some redundancies, | ||
There are three proprietary applications included: the Google Chrome web browser, Skype video conferencing client and the Spotify music streaming client. I suspect these inclusions did not thrill free software advocates at the time, especially Skype, which has many known security issues and was compromised by law enforcement backdoor access. | There are three proprietary applications included: the Google Chrome web browser, Skype video conferencing client and the Spotify music streaming client. I suspect these inclusions did not thrill free software advocates at the time, especially Skype, which has many known security issues and was compromised by law enforcement backdoor access. | ||
- | The Cinnamon desktop has its own file manager, Nemo, which is a fork of GNOME Files (Nautilus) with much of Nautilus’ previous functionality and customization restored. | + | The Cinnamon desktop has its own file manager, Nemo, which is a fork of GNOME Files (Nautilus) with much of Nautilus’ previous functionality and customization restored.** |
+ | |||
+ | La liste des applications incluses est très longue et comprend une large variété de capacités. Par exemple, il existe très peu de distributions qui incluent un éditeur vidéo par défaut. Cependant, les applications par défaut comprennent quelques redondances, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Trois applications propriétaires sont incluses : le navigateur Web Google Chrome, le client de conférences vidéo Skype et le client de musique en mode streaming Spotify. Je soupçonne que ces inclusions n’ont pas ravi les partisans de FOSS à l’époque, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le bureau Cinnamon possède son propre gestionnaire de fichiers, Nemo, qui est un fork de GNOME Files (Nautilus) avec beaucoup des fonctionnalités et personnalisations précédentes restaurées. | ||
- | Like mainstream Ubuntu, Cubuntu includes the LibreOffice office suite which is complete except for the LibreOffice Base database program which is probably the least-used part of LibreOffice. | + | **Like mainstream Ubuntu, Cubuntu includes the LibreOffice office suite which is complete except for the LibreOffice Base database program which is probably the least-used part of LibreOffice. |
Conclusions | Conclusions | ||
- | Overall, Cubuntu was a promising concept, bringing a choice of three GNOME 3 alternative desktops to Ubuntu along with a lot of additional functionality. Its flaws, including the use of proprietary software, as well as single language, French-only out-of-the-box support, probably explain why Cubuntu never gained the traction hoped for. Of course, when Cubuntu was introduced in 2012 Ubuntu already had the Unity interface so making that available was not a big attraction. A dedicated version of Ubuntu with the MATE desktop, called Ubuntu MATE, was introduced in 2014, just two years after Cubuntu was started. | + | Overall, Cubuntu was a promising concept, bringing a choice of three GNOME 3 alternative desktops to Ubuntu along with a lot of additional functionality. Its flaws, including the use of proprietary software, as well as single language, French-only out-of-the-box support, probably explain why Cubuntu never gained the traction hoped for. Of course, when Cubuntu was introduced in 2012 Ubuntu already had the Unity interface so making that available was not a big attraction. A dedicated version of Ubuntu with the MATE desktop, called Ubuntu MATE, was introduced in 2014, just two years after Cubuntu was started. |
- | Cubuntu development halted with its last point release in 2017 and that marked a temporary end for an Ubuntu flavor with the Cinnamon desktop. Two years later, in 2019, Ubuntu Cinnamon was introduced to fill that niche and became an official flavor in March 2023. | + | Comme l’Ubuntu principale, Cubuntu comprend la suite bureautique LibreOffice qui est complète ; |
+ | |||
+ | Conclusions | ||
+ | |||
+ | Globalement, | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Cubuntu development halted with its last point release in 2017 and that marked a temporary end for an Ubuntu flavor with the Cinnamon desktop. Two years later, in 2019, Ubuntu Cinnamon was introduced to fill that niche and became an official flavor in March 2023. | ||
While Cubuntu itself only lasted five years and never gained official Ubuntu flavor status, in many ways it broke ground for today’s Ubuntu MATE, Ubuntu Cinnamon and even Ubuntu Unity which was first introduced in 2020. All three went on to become official Ubuntu flavors and have achieved enthusiastic user acceptance. | While Cubuntu itself only lasted five years and never gained official Ubuntu flavor status, in many ways it broke ground for today’s Ubuntu MATE, Ubuntu Cinnamon and even Ubuntu Unity which was first introduced in 2020. All three went on to become official Ubuntu flavors and have achieved enthusiastic user acceptance. | ||
Ligne 106: | Ligne 206: | ||
Official website: | Official website: | ||
+ | https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le développement de Cubuntu s’est arrêté avec sa dernière version ponctuelle en 2017, ce qui marquait la fin temporaire d’une saveur d’Ubuntu avec le bureau Cinnamon. Deux ans plus tard, en 2019, Ubuntu Cinnamon a été présentée et a rempli cette niche ; elle est devenue une saveur officielle en mars 2023. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Alors que Cubuntu elle-même n’a duré que cinq ans et n’a jamais obtenu le statut de saveur Ubuntu officielle, de bien de façons, elle a préparé le terrain pour les distributions actuelles qui sont Ubuntu MATE, Ubuntu Cinnamon et même Ubuntu Unity qui a été présentée pour la première fois en 2020. Les trois sont devenues des saveurs officielles d’Ubuntu et ont reçu l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Aujourd’hui, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Liens externes | ||
+ | |||
+ | Site Web officiel : | ||
https:// | https:// | ||
issue203/critique2.1711790434.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2024/03/30 10:20 de auntiee