issue211:c_c
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Prochaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue211:c_c [2024/11/30 18:59] – créée auntiee | issue211:c_c [2024/12/04 17:12] (Version actuelle) – andre_domenech | ||
---|---|---|---|
Ligne 1: | Ligne 1: | ||
- | I always complain when tutors say one thing and do another, you know, like estate agents telling you a one bedroomed closet is “spacious”. So l had better not do the same. Since we are on the topic of LPIC issues, learning is one thing, but getting to grips with the mind of an examiner is another thing completely. Since this is technically the third installment after SAMBA, let’s get a feeling for some ways questions are asked in the exam. I will be pulling from 2022/2023 braindumps, so let’s not get overly excited. I grabbed these from a place trying to sell you other people’s free dumps, so we know the “sample” will be valid stuff to entice you to buy their stolen goods. These will be from the second tier LPIC-2 (450), and I can, maybe, give some insight and practical advice that you can do if you would like to pursue the exam. There will be overlap with LPIC-1, as the one builds on the other. I really like the LPIC exams, I just would not recommend them, as the certifications expire and I have no time for cash-grab schemes. Don’t just learn the questions and answers – there are a few versions of the exam; rather understand the answers, so there are no curve balls. Let’s start with a cracker: | + | **I always complain when tutors say one thing and do another, you know, like estate agents telling you a one bedroomed closet is “spacious”. So l had better not do the same. Since we are on the topic of LPIC issues, learning is one thing, but getting to grips with the mind of an examiner is another thing completely. Since this is technically the third installment after SAMBA, let’s get a feeling for some ways questions are asked in the exam. I will be pulling from 2022/2023 braindumps, so let’s not get overly excited. I grabbed these from a place trying to sell you other people’s free dumps, so we know the “sample” will be valid stuff to entice you to buy their stolen goods. These will be from the second tier LPIC-2 (450), and I can, maybe, give some insight and practical advice that you can do if you would like to pursue the exam. There will be overlap with LPIC-1, as the one builds on the other. I really like the LPIC exams, I just would not recommend them, as the certifications expire and I have no time for cash-grab schemes. Don’t just learn the questions and answers – there are a few versions of the exam; rather understand the answers, so there are no curve balls. Let’s start with a cracker: |
Which commands below are useful to collect data about remote file system connections? | Which commands below are useful to collect data about remote file system connections? | ||
Ligne 9: | Ligne 9: | ||
D. cifsiostat | D. cifsiostat | ||
- | Answer: BD | + | Answer: BD** |
- | Now on Ubuntu and derivatives, | + | Je me plains toujours quand les tuteurs disent une chose et en font une autre, vous savez, comme les agents immobiliers qui vous disent qu'une chambre |
+ | |||
+ | Quelles commandes ci-dessous sont utiles pour collecter des données sur les connexions à des systèmes de fichiers distants ? | ||
+ | (Choisissez DEUX bonnes réponses) : | ||
+ | |||
+ | A. pidstat | ||
+ | B. nfsiostat | ||
+ | C. sadf | ||
+ | D. cifsiostat | ||
+ | |||
+ | Réponse : BD | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | **Now on Ubuntu and derivatives, | ||
On to one I’m not too happy about (OK I hate these), but stare at if for a while: | On to one I’m not too happy about (OK I hate these), but stare at if for a while: | ||
Ligne 23: | Ligne 36: | ||
E. mkswap / | E. mkswap / | ||
- | Answer: C | + | Answer: C** |
- | OK, don’t overthink this one (trying to catch students when you give them little time is a truly nasty practice) while you can make free space or have a drive with free space to make a swapfile on; traditionally when you install Linux, you create a separate partition just for swap (mkswap). With swap files, you don’t need a separate partition any more. You create a file and tell your system to use it as the swap space. With a dedicated swap partition, resizing is a pain. With swap files, you can resize them as you like. D is command swapped, if you were wondering, fallocate is what you were looking for (sudo fallocate | + | Maintenant, sur Ubuntu et ses dérivés, vous ne trouverez probablement pas d’entrées manuelles pour certaines d’entre elles. La principale chose à laquelle vous devez penser est la partie iostat. Évidemment, NFS et CIFS font partie de ce que nous couvrons et c’est pourquoi j’ai commencé par ceux-ci. Pourquoi ai-je dit iostat ? Parce qu’il affiche des statistiques sur les opérations de lecture et d’écriture sur les systèmes de fichiers – décomposons : io = entrée/sortie (ou lecture et écriture si vous le souhaitez), et stats = statistiques. Comme vous pouvez le voir, ils ne font pas de conneries stupides comme ajouter des commandes bidons pour vous embrouiller comme cifiostat et ntfsiostat, comme vous en auriez dans d’autres examens. C’est pourquoi j’aime LPIC comme examen. Les autres commandes comme sadf sont de vraies commandes, mais ne sont pas liées à la question, par exemple pid = ID de processus et ne vous dit rien sur un système de fichiers distant. |
+ | Passons à une commande dont je ne suis pas très content (OK, je déteste celle-ci), mais regardez-la un moment : | ||
+ | En raison de l’utilisation extrême du système, un système Linux nécessite un espace de swap supplémentaire. Pour initialiser 5 Go d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | A. dd if=/ | ||
+ | B. dd if=/ | ||
+ | C. dd if=/ | ||
+ | D. touch -5G / | ||
+ | E. mkswap / | ||
+ | |||
+ | Réponse : C | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | **OK, don’t overthink this one (trying to catch students when you give them little time is a truly nasty practice) while you can make free space or have a drive with free space to make a swapfile on; traditionally when you install Linux, you create a separate partition just for swap (mkswap). With swap files, you don’t need a separate partition any more. You create a file and tell your system to use it as the swap space. With a dedicated swap partition, resizing is a pain. With swap files, you can resize them as you like. D is command swapped, if you were wondering, fallocate is what you were looking for (sudo fallocate -l 5G /swapfile). My advice is to make one on your drive, you can always remove it. Easy. See: https:// | ||
If there are any of these questions you would want us to dive into, or if you just wrote your exam and there is a new question you would like us to discuss, feel free to drop us an email, misc@fullcirclemagazine.org | If there are any of these questions you would want us to dive into, or if you just wrote your exam and there is a new question you would like us to discuss, feel free to drop us an email, misc@fullcirclemagazine.org | ||
Ligne 41: | Ligne 67: | ||
E. rc.config-3.4.50-11 | E. rc.config-3.4.50-11 | ||
- | Answer: B | + | Answer: B** |
- | To me this is like having a screwdriver attachment on a potato peeler, while there is a chance you may use it, you probably won't. I know by now that “config” is where my ‘config’ files are (and if I needed to be sure l’d cd /boot/ to have a look); muddying the waters with config-linux reeks of Microsoft-can’t-ask-questions. I used to teach this and I still could not care, as this does not test knowledge, but it is a filler question because they did not have enough time, or did not have enough practical experience to craft a real question. | + | Bon, n'y réfléchissez pas trop (essayer de surprendre des étudiants quand vous leur donnez peu de temps est une pratique vraiment désagréable) alors que vous pouvez libérer de l’espace ou avoir un lecteur avec de l’espace libre pour créer un fichier d’échange (swapfile) ; traditionnellement, |
+ | |||
+ | Si vous souhaitez que nous examinions l'une de ces questions en plus de détails, ou si vous venez de passer votre examen et que vous souhaitez que nous discutions d'une nouvelle question, n' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Juste pour que vous puissiez voir que l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sur un serveur exécutant le noyau Linux 3.4.50-11, quel fichier du répertoire /boot contient les paramètres de configuration du noyau ? | ||
+ | |||
+ | A. config-linux-3.4.50-11 | ||
+ | B. config-3.4.50-11 | ||
+ | C. system-3.4.50-11 | ||
+ | D. vmlinuz-3.4.50-11 | ||
+ | E. rc.config-3.4.50-11 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Réponse : B | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | **To me this is like having a screwdriver attachment on a potato peeler, while there is a chance you may use it, you probably won't. I know by now that “config” is where my ‘config’ files are (and if I needed to be sure l’d cd /boot/ to have a look); muddying the waters with config-linux reeks of Microsoft-can’t-ask-questions. I used to teach this and I still could not care, as this does not test knowledge, but it is a filler question because they did not have enough time, or did not have enough practical experience to craft a real question. | ||
However this segues quite nicely into a lesson, let’s quickly give it a once-over. | However this segues quite nicely into a lesson, let’s quickly give it a once-over. | ||
Ligne 55: | Ligne 98: | ||
initrd literally stands for: initial RAM disks. Once the kernel loads, it generally is configured (or passed by the boot loader) the RAM disk’s name to load and mount. The main purpose of the initrd image is to hold modules and drivers that the kernel needs to initialise the rest of the system | initrd literally stands for: initial RAM disks. Once the kernel loads, it generally is configured (or passed by the boot loader) the RAM disk’s name to load and mount. The main purpose of the initrd image is to hold modules and drivers that the kernel needs to initialise the rest of the system | ||
- | / | + | / |
- | The files in here contain debugging symbols for the modules included with the version of the kernel specified in the file name (like with config*). You might find this useful if you ever need to attach a debugger to your kernel or if a particular kernel module is having serious problems. | + | Pour moi, c'est comme avoir un tournevis sur un éplucheur de pommes de terre, car, même si vous avez une chance de l' |
+ | |||
+ | Cependant, cela se transforme assez bien en une leçon ; examinons-la rapidement. | ||
+ | |||
+ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | Cela contient la configuration avec laquelle la version du noyau spécifiée dans le nom du fichier a été construite. C'est pratique si jamais vous devez recompiler ou reconstruire la même version du noyau, car les options de configuration sont conservées ici. | ||
+ | |||
+ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | initrd signifie littéralement : disques RAM initiaux. Une fois le noyau chargé, le nom du disque RAM à charger et à monter est généralement configuré (ou transmis par le chargeur de démarrage). L' | ||
+ | |||
+ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | **The files in here contain debugging symbols for the modules included with the version of the kernel specified in the file name (like with config*). You might find this useful if you ever need to attach a debugger to your kernel or if a particular kernel module is having serious problems. | ||
/ | / | ||
Ligne 71: | Ligne 129: | ||
In the real world, I have never (touch wood!) needed to access any of these, but you need to build a kernel at least twice to get to grips with these for most Linux exams. I suggest filing the above somewhere in your meat wallet, just so you know about them. | In the real world, I have never (touch wood!) needed to access any of these, but you need to build a kernel at least twice to get to grips with these for most Linux exams. I suggest filing the above somewhere in your meat wallet, just so you know about them. | ||
- | We can look at more real exam questions in the next exciting issue of FCM. | + | We can look at more real exam questions in the next exciting issue of FCM.** |
+ | |||
+ | Les fichiers ici contiennent des symboles de débogage pour les modules inclus avec la version du noyau spécifiée dans le nom de fichier (comme avec config*). Vous pourriez trouver cela utile si vous avez besoin d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ces fichiers contiennent les tables de symboles du noyau pour la version du noyau à laquelle ils sont associés. Une « table de symboles » est une liste de symboles et des adresses mémoire auxquelles ils sont associés. | ||
+ | |||
+ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le fichier vmlinuz est le noyau Linux, le cœur du système d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | C'est GRUB (LILO, SYSLINUX), la configuration du chargeur de démarrage, qui indique au système quel noyau et quel disque RAM charger, et qui transmet les paramètres au noyau, lui indiquant des informations clés sur le système (comme où trouver le système de fichiers racine et quel processus exécuter pour lancer le processus de démarrage du système). | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dans le monde réel, je n'ai jamais (touchons du bois !) eu besoin d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Nous pourrons examiner d' | ||
issue211/c_c.1732989594.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2024/11/30 18:59 de auntiee