issue220:critique3
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issue220:critique3 [2025/09/04 08:34] – d52fr | issue220:critique3 [2025/09/04 08:35] (Version actuelle) – d52fr | ||
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Official website: https:// | Official website: https:// | ||
- | Conclusions**It has been more than three years since Denver, Colorado-based computer builder System76 embarked on the ambitious project of building a whole new Linux desktop from scratch and, with their seventh alpha release out on 24 April, 2025, I thought it was time for a detailed look at their progress. | + | Conclusions |
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- | I previously used the last release, Pop!_OS, 22.04 LTS and reviewed it in FCM#198, so I was keen to see how this new alpha compared. | + | |
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- | Background | + | |
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- | Pop!_OS had its first 17.10 release on 27 October, 2017. Prior to that, the company had shipped its computers with Ubuntu and were quite happy with that distribution and its GNOME 2, and later Unity, interface. But Ubuntu 17.04 Zesty Zapus marked the end of Unity and Ubuntu’s move to the modified GNOME 3 interface still in use today. System76 was not pleased with that move and decided to create their own modified GNOME interface which grew into COSMIC by the seventh release, version 20.10. COSMIC is a backronym for Computer Operating System Main Interface Components. | + | |
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- | Being based on Ubuntu, Pop!_OS followed Ubuntu’s release cycle, with fresh versions every six months, in April and October, and long term support (LTS) releases every two years in April of the even-numbered years.** | + | |
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- | Cela fait plus de trois ans que System76, constructeur d' | + | |
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- | J' | + | |
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- | Contexte | + | |
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- | Pop!_OS a sorti sa première version, la 17.10, le 27 octobre 2017. Auparavant, l' | + | |
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- | Basé sur Ubuntu, Pop!_OS suivait le cycle de publication d' | + | |
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- | **As a desktop, the original COSMIC worked well and was aimed at users working in science, aerospace, medicine and robotics, rather than general enterprise use, like Ubuntu. New features were introduced with each release, with almost all of the development being done in-house. | + | |
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- | The last release of that series was Pop!_OS 22.04 LTS, out on 25 April, 2022. There have been no further releases to free-up developer time for the new, planned desktop, but Pop!_OS 22.04 LTS has remained supported and, in fact, has incorporated a lot of updates over time, almost like a rolling release. While it works well enough, and the interface design had good user acceptance, it required quite a bit of developer maintenance work, had some stability and RAM consumption issues, and was a bit of a “kludge”, | + | |
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- | The developer team at System76 set to work, including creating new core applications for the new desktop with a new file manager, media player, text editor, screenshot tool, settings manager, terminal emulator, and software center. Many other desktop components were also built, all using Rust, including a new panel and dock. It was called COSMIC DE (DE = “desktop environment”) and based on April 2024’s Ubuntu 24.04 LTS release.** | + | |
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- | En tant que bureau, le COSMIC original fonctionnait bien et était destiné aux utilisateurs travaillant dans les domaines des sciences, de l' | + | |
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- | La dernière version de cette série était Pop!_OS 22.04 LTS, sortie le 25 avril 2022. Aucune autre version n'a été publiée pour libérer du temps de développement pour le nouveau bureau prévu, mais Pop!_OS 22.04 LTS est resté pris en charge et a même intégré de nombreuses mises à jour au fil du temps, presque comme une version continue. Bien qu' | + | |
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- | L' | + | |
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- | **After having been announced in April 2022, the first alpha version arrived on 26 August, 2024. New alpha versions have been released almost every month for user testing, bug reports and feedback. There were also company blog posts, conference updates and press releases to keep up the momentum. The Linux press has kept notice, too. | + | |
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- | Because the whole project is all open development and free software, several other Linux distributions adopted the COSMIC DE desktop which brought more outside feedback and contributions, | + | |
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- | People ask if there will be an Ubuntu version? There already is, Pop!_OS itself is the COSMIC DE on top of Ubuntu as a base! | + | |
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- | At the Linux Foundation' | + | |
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- | It is currently unclear whether there will be any further alpha versions or more than one beta before the stable release. It is likely that there will be a new Pop!_OS 26.04 LTS release in the spring of 2026, too.** | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Après avoir été annoncée en avril 2022, la première version alpha est arrivée le 26 août 2024. De nouvelles versions alpha ont été publiées presque chaque mois pour les tests utilisateurs, | + | |
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- | Comme l' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | On se demande s'il y aura une version Ubuntu ? C'est déjà le cas. Pop!_OS est l' | + | |
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- | Lors du Sommet Open Source de la Fondation Linux, le 27 juin 2025, System76 a annoncé la sortie prochaine d'une version bêta de Pop!_OS 24.04 et d'une version stable plus tard dans l' | + | |
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- | On ignore encore s'il y aura d' | + | |
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- | + | ||
- | **Getting Pop!_OS 24.04 Alpha 7 | + | |
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- | For now, each alpha version in succession has been available on the System76 website at https:// | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Pop!_OS 24.04 Alpha 7 can be run on almost any Intel or AMD computer, not just System76 hardware. | + | |
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- | There are two downloads provided, both only by https, as no BitTorrents are available. One is for Intel or AMD processors and the second for NVIDIA graphics-equipped computers. SHA256 sums are provided, though, and I did a command-line check to make sure the download I got was good. | + | |
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- | Pop!_OS 24.04 Alpha 7 is a relatively lightweight download at just 2.9 GB. This compares to Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (upon which it is based) which was 6.1 GB. That makes Pop!_OS only 48% the size of Ubuntu. There are some reasons for that, including the number of applications included, as I detail below. | + | |
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- | Installing | + | |
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- | I dropped the ISO file onto a USB stick equipped with Ventoy 1.1.05 and booted it up for testing. Pop!_OS is officially listed as supported by Ventoy and it worked just fine.** | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Obtenir Pop!_OS 24.04 Alpha 7 | + | |
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- | Pour l' | + | |
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- | Pop!_OS 24.04 Alpha 7 est compatible avec la plupart des ordinateurs Intel ou AMD, et pas seulement avec les matériels System76. | + | |
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- | Deux téléchargements sont disponibles, | + | |
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- | Pop!_OS 24.04 Alpha 7 est un téléchargement relativement léger, avec seulement 2,9 Go. En comparaison, | + | |
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- | Installation | + | |
- | + | ||
- | J'ai déposé le fichier ISO sur une clé USB équipée de Ventoy 1.1.05 et je l'ai démarrée pour le tester. Pop!_OS est officiellement reconnue comme compatible avec Ventoy et elle a parfaitement fonctionnée. | + | |
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- | **System requirements | + | |
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- | There are no listed system requirements for Pop!_OS 24.04 Alpha 7, but I can note that it is not light on RAM usage. | + | |
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- | One of my previous complaints when I ran Pop!_OS 22.04 LTS was that its idle RAM with a fresh boot was 3.9 GB. Pop!_OS 24.04 Alpha 7's idle RAM is 4.3 GB, which is a bit higher yet! In comparison, I noted Ubuntu 25.04 and Ubuntu Cinnamon 25.04 both idling at 2.3 GB, while also running on Ventoy. | + | |
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- | In my testing with a number of applications open, I reached 10.6 GB of RAM in use so 16 GB would be the minimum recommended RAM and 32 GB would be better. A similar set of applications on Ubuntu Cinnamon 24.04 LTS uses about the same 10 GB, so POP!_OS may not actually suffer much from excess RAM consumption in operational use, despite its higher idle.** | + | |
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- | Configuration requise | + | |
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- | Il n' | + | |
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- | Lorsque j' | + | |
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- | Lors de mes tests avec plusieurs applications ouvertes, j'ai atteint 10,6 Go de RAM. 16 Go seraient donc le minimum recommandé, | + | |
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- | + | ||
- | **Trying out Pop!_OS 24.04 Alpha 7 | + | |
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- | There is so much new in 24.04 Alpha 7 compared to Pop!_OS 22.04 LTS that it is hard to catalog it all. The new COSMIC DE actually looks and works much like the old interface did, but with many refinements added. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | The launcher (Super key) is a small, centered pop-up window where you can search for installed applications or any documents, plus it shows all the applications which are currently open. The applications menu (Super+A) allows browsing for installed applications while the workspaces menu (Super+W) shows everything that is open on a spread out grid, plus the workspaces in use. By default, two workspaces are shown with more added as needed, always one more than in use. Workspaces can also be fixed in number in the settings. | + | |
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- | One of my previous issues using 22.04 LTS was that with text scaling increased, some of the application menus, particularly Firefox spellchecking, | + | |
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- | Presently the panel' | + | |
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- | Essai de Pop!_OS 24.04 Alpha 7 | + | |
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- | La version 24.04 Alpha 7 propose tellement de nouveautés par rapport à Pop!_OS 22.04 LTS qu'il est difficile de tout répertorier. Le nouveau COSMIC DE ressemble beaucoup à l' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Le lanceur (touche Super) est une petite fenêtre contextuelle centrée où vous pouvez rechercher des applications installées ou des documents, et affiche toutes les applications actuellement ouvertes. Le menu des applications (Super+A) permet de parcourir les applications installées, | + | |
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- | L'un de mes précédents problèmes avec la version 22.04 LTS était qu' | + | |
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- | L' | + | |
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- | **Another fixed item is that the " | + | |
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- | Also new is that 24.04 runs on a Wayland display server. Most modern Linux applications already run on Wayland and Ubuntu has used it for a number of releases already. Older X11-only applications can still be run using the included XWayland compatibility layer and it works fine. The settings give scaling options for any X11 applications. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Window tiling is handled completely differently on 24.04 than in 22.04, and is by default " | + | |
- | + | ||
- | There is a new desktop scaling feature designed around Wayland that works really well. You can choose any incremental scaling level you like and even adjust it to the nearest percentage. This illustrates the advantage of embracing the newest Linux technology available. Pop!_OS is definitely future-oriented. | + | |
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- | In my testing, the overall system stability was good, with only a couple of minor feature crashes, which is not entirely unexpected in an alpha release. Hopefully these will be taken care of by the time the stable release comes out.** | + | |
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- | Autre correction : | + | |
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- | Autre nouveauté : | + | |
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- | La gestion du tuilage des fenêtres est totalement différente entre la version 24.04 et la version 22.04, | + | |
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- | Une nouvelle fonctionnalité de mise à l' | + | |
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- | Lors de mes tests, la stabilité globale du système était bonne, avec seulement quelques plantages mineurs, ce qui n'est pas totalement inattendu pour une version alpha. Espérons que ces problèmes seront résolus d'ici la sortie de la version stable. | + | |
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- | **Settings | + | |
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- | From its inception, Pop!_OS has always been about maximizing user choices and the new COSMIC desktop takes that to a higher level than almost any other Linux desktop, with the possible exception of KDE Plasma. | + | |
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- | In Pop!_OS 24.04, most of the settings are now contained in the new COSMIC Settings manager. That makes them neatly organized and easy to find. A few items are hidden away in the panel icon right-click menus, but are easy enough to find there. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | The settings provided allow a huge range of customization for almost anything imaginable on the desktop including turning off the dock and removing any item on the panel, all which are provided as individual applets. The dock can also be reconfigured, | + | |
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- | There are only two window themes provided, light and dark, but that should be enough to keep most users happy. There are also nine highlight color schemes for each of the light and dark themes. These not only provide selection highlighting in application windows, but also frame the active window (the so-called " | + | |
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- | I think most users will be impressed with the wide range of user settings provided and there are still more to come before the stable version is released. They really do make it easy to customize Pop!_OS and make the COSMIC desktop truly your own.** | + | |
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- | Paramètres | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Depuis sa création, Pop!_OS a toujours eu pour objectif d' | + | |
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- | Dans Pop!_OS 24.04, la plupart des paramètres sont désormais regroupés dans le nouveau gestionnaire de paramètres COSMIC. Ils sont ainsi organisés et faciles à trouver. Quelques éléments sont cachés dans les menus contextuels des icônes du panneau, mais sont facilement accessibles. | + | |
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- | Les paramètres proposés offrent un large éventail de personnalisations pour presque tout ce qui est imaginable sur le bureau, comme la désactivation du dock et la suppression d' | + | |
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- | Seuls deux thèmes de fenêtre sont proposés : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Je pense que la plupart des utilisateurs seront impressionnés par la vaste gamme de paramètres utilisateur proposés, et d' | + | |
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- | + | ||
- | **Applications | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Some of the applications included with Pop!_OS 24.04 Alpha 7 are: | + | |
- | Archive Manager (file-roller) 44.3 file archiver | + | |
- | COSMIC Files 0.1.0 file manager | + | |
- | COSMIC Media Player 0.1.0 media player | + | |
- | COSMIC Screenshot 0.1.0 screenshot utility | + | |
- | COSMIC Store 0.1.0 package management system | + | |
- | COSMIC Terminal 0.1.0 terminal emulator | + | |
- | COSMIC Text Editor 0.1.0 text editor | + | |
- | CUPS 2.4.7 printing system | + | |
- | Firefox 137.0.2 web browser | + | |
- | GNOME Disks 46.0 disk manager | + | |
- | GNOME Disks Usage Analyzer (baobab) 46.0 disk manager | + | |
- | GNOME Document Scanner (simple-scan) 46.0 optical scanner | + | |
- | GNOME Document Viewer (evince) 46.3 PDF viewer | + | |
- | GNOME Image Viewer (Eye of Gnome) 45.3 image viewer | + | |
- | GNOME System Monitor 46.0 system monitor | + | |
- | Gparted 1.5.0 partition editor | + | |
- | LibreOffice 24.2.7.2 office suite, less LibreOffice Base | + | |
- | PipeWire 1.2.7 audio controller | + | |
- | Popsicle 1.3.3 USB writer | + | |
- | Systemd 255.4 init system | + | |
- | Thunderbird 128.9.2 ESR email client | + | |
- | Wget 1.21.4 command line webpage downloader** | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Applications | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Voici certaines des applications comprises dans Pop!_OS 24.04 Alpha 7 : | + | |
- | Archive Manager (file-roller) 44.3 archiveur de fichiers | + | |
- | COSMIC Files 0.1.0 gestionnaire de fichiers | + | |
- | COSMIC Media Player 0.1.0 lecteur multimédia | + | |
- | COSMIC Screenshot 0.1.0 utilitaire de copie d' | + | |
- | COSMIC Store 0.1.0 système de gestion des paquets | + | |
- | COSMIC Terminal 0.1.0 émulateur de terminal | + | |
- | COSMIC Text Editor 0.1.0 éditeur de texte | + | |
- | CUPS 2.4.7 système d' | + | |
- | Firefox 137.0.2 navigateur Web | + | |
- | GNOME Disks 46.0 gestionnaire de disques | + | |
- | GNOME Disks Usage Analyzer (baobab) 46.0 gestionnaire d' | + | |
- | GNOME Document Scanner (simple-scan) 46.0 scanner optique | + | |
- | GNOME Document Viewer (evince) 46.3 PDF visionneuse | + | |
- | GNOME Image Viewer (Eye of Gnome) 45.3 visionneuse d' | + | |
- | GNOME System Monitor 46.0 moniteur système | + | |
- | Gparted 1.5.0 éditeur de partitions | + | |
- | LibreOffice 24.2.7.2 suite bureautique, | + | |
- | PipeWire 1.2.7 contrôleur audio | + | |
- | Popsicle 1.3.3 graveur sur USB | + | |
- | Systemd 255.4 système d' | + | |
- | Thunderbird 128.9.2 ESR client mail | + | |
- | Wget 1.21.4 téléchargeur de page Web en ligne de commande | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | **Package management, including application installation and removal, can be done from the COSMIC Store which is simple to use. It can also be done with APT from the command-line. Pop!_OS has its own set of repositories, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Support for Snap packages is available, but not installed by default. Both the included Firefox and Thunderbird are from Mozilla’s binaries rather than Snaps as used on Ubuntu. Flatpak is enabled by default, using flathub.org, | + | |
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- | As can be seen from the above list, the suite of provided default applications is fairly light. The basics are all there but, compared to Ubuntu, it is not really a typical beginner desktop suite. Obviously missing are a bittorrent client, calendar, file backup utility, webcam, image editor, music player, photo organizer, remote desktop client, and there are also no games included, although any of these can be added from the repositories if needed. I personally like the short list of applications included, as it reduces the number of unneeded applications I would want to remove and leaves only a few things I would need to add.** | + | |
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- | La gestion des paquets, y compris l' | + | |
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- | La prise en charge des paquets Snap est disponible, mais n'est pas installée par défaut. Firefox et Thunderbird inclus proviennent des binaires de Mozilla, et non des Snaps utilisés sous Ubuntu. Flatpak est activé par défaut via flathub.org, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Comme le montre la liste ci-dessus, la suite d' | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | **The biggest shortcoming in Pop!_OS 24.04 Alpha 7 is in the core COSMIC applications’ features. They all work to some extent but are pretty basic, missing features and needing more work before they are really ready for a stable release. For example: | + | |
- | COSMIC Files 0.1.0 file manager does not display disk space, has no bulk file renaming and does not even give a count of files when selected. | + | |
- | COSMIC Media Player 0.1.0 is lacking codecs for .mov files although it will play .webm ones. It also plays .mp3 and .ogg music files, although it did not recognize an open format .ogg file as associated (Pop!_OS wanted to play that on Firefox!). | + | |
- | COSMIC Screenshot 0.1.0 lacks a timing-delay feature. | + | |
- | COSMIC Text Editor 0.1.0 has syntax highlighting but lacks spellchecking. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | All of these could be good applications, | + | |
- | + | ||
- | I will point out that, until these applications are more feature-complete, | + | |
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- | Le principal défaut de Pop!_OS 24.04 Alpha 7 réside dans les fonctionnalités principales des applications COSMIC. Elles fonctionnent toutes plus ou moins, mais sont assez basiques, manquant de fonctionnalités et nécessitant des améliorations avant d' | + | |
- | Le gestionnaire de fichiers COSMIC Files 0.1.0 n' | + | |
- | COSMIC Media Player 0.1.0 ne dispose pas de codecs pour les fichiers .mov, bien qu'il puisse lire les fichiers .webm. Il lit également les fichiers musicaux .mp3 et .ogg, bien qu'il n'ait pas reconnu de fichier .ogg au format ouvert comme associé (Pop!_OS souhaitait le lire sur Firefox !). | + | |
- | COSMIC Screenshot 0.1.0 ne dispose pas de fonction de temporisation. | + | |
- | COSMIC Text Editor 0.1.0 dispose de la coloration syntaxique, mais pas de la vérification orthographique. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Toutes ces applications pourraient être intéressantes, | + | |
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- | Je tiens à souligner qu'en attendant que ces applications soient plus complètes, il existe de nombreuses alternatives dans les dépôts. J'ai installé et testé le gestionnaire de fichiers Nemo 6.0.2 et l' | + | |
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- | **Conclusions | + | |
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- | An alpha release is not the same thing as a final, stable release, but overall Pop!_OS 24.04 Alpha 7 is on track as a developmental release. Most of the desktop itself works quite well in Alpha 7 and it is just the core COSMIC applications that need more work to be as good as their equivalents in other Linux desktops. The development team at System76 has put in almost three and a half years on this new desktop and they are on the home stretch now. There is no reason to think that they won't get to the finish line and complete it before the end of 2025. | + | |
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- | I am planning to review the Pop!_OS 24.04 LTS stable version when it is released, so we will see how all this development comes to fruition. | + | |
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- | External links | + | |
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- | Official website: https:// | + | |
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- | Conclusion | + | |
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- | Une version alpha n'est pas synonyme de version finale stable, mais globalement, | + | |
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- | Je prévois de tester la version stable de Pop!_OS 24.04 LTS dès sa sortie, nous verrons donc à quoi tout ce développement aboutira. | + | |
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- | Liens externes | + | |
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- | Site web officiel : https:// | + | |
Une version alpha n'est pas synonyme de version finale stable, mais globalement, | Une version alpha n'est pas synonyme de version finale stable, mais globalement, |
issue220/critique3.txt · Dernière modification : 2025/09/04 08:35 de d52fr