issue53:tutobackup
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Prochaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue53:tutobackup [2011/09/20 20:42] – créée fredphil91 | issue53:tutobackup [2011/11/15 15:48] (Version actuelle) – Revu. Deux petites fautres très minures corrigées. jfmessier | ||
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- | There' | + | **There' |
It's not good for one's state of mind to know that hard disks fail; gravity, electric surge, malware, and human stupidity all take their toll. What's needed is a safety net; a backup strategy. Oh, look, I just happen to have one... | It's not good for one's state of mind to know that hard disks fail; gravity, electric surge, malware, and human stupidity all take their toll. What's needed is a safety net; a backup strategy. Oh, look, I just happen to have one... | ||
What to Backup | What to Backup | ||
- | Don't panic over software. Program loss is merely an inconvenience, | + | Don't panic over software. Program loss is merely an inconvenience, |
- | Data loss, however, is the real tragedy. Data can be priceless and literally irreplaceable. | + | Il n'y a rien de pire pour un mordu d' |
+ | |||
+ | Ce n'est pas bon pour l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ce qu'il faut sauvegarder | ||
+ | Ne paniquez pas pour les logiciels. La perte d'un programme n'est qu'un désagrément, | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Data loss, however, is the real tragedy. Data can be priceless and literally irreplaceable. | ||
What data files to backup, then? | What data files to backup, then? | ||
Photos, documents, spreadsheets, | Photos, documents, spreadsheets, | ||
- | Critically, you need to know where everything is stored. Key to this is a detailed inventory, starting with a system-wide search based on the file types (extensions). Don't assume you or your dearest save things to the folders that you should use. Run that search, note where everything is. Do the housekeeping, | + | Critically, you need to know where everything is stored. Key to this is a detailed inventory, starting with a system-wide search based on the file types (extensions). Don't assume you or your dearest save things to the folders that you should use. Run that search, note where everything is. Do the housekeeping, |
- | You won't want system cache or temporary files, swap files, or page files, as you can rarely extract anything useful from them, and they fill up with junk anyway. If there is anything you need to keep from your cache, copy it out to a more secure location. | + | Le vrai drame, c'est la perte de données. Les données peuvent être inestimables et, littéralement, |
+ | |||
+ | Alors, quels fichiers faut-il sauvegarder ? | ||
+ | Les photos, documents, feuilles de calcul, calendriers, | ||
+ | |||
+ | C'est d'une importance capitale de savoir où tout se trouve. Il faut absolument faire un inventaire détaillé de votre système - y compris les clés USB et les disques durs externes - en commençant par une recherche basée sur les types de fichier (les extensions). Ne supposez pas que vous ou votre moitié sauvegarde des trucs dans des dossiers spécifiques. Lancez cette recherche et notez où tout se trouve. Faites le ménage et remettez tout en ordre. Rationalisez. Supprimez les doublons. Décidez de ce qui est vital et actuel. Videz la corbeille. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **You won't want system cache or temporary files, swap files, or page files, as you can rarely extract anything useful from them, and they fill up with junk anyway. If there is anything you need to keep from your cache, copy it out to a more secure location. | ||
You will need to know the types of files (usually described by the file extension, such as .odt, .pdf, .mpeg, .mp3, .mp4) in order to better specify your inclusions and exclusions when you backup. | You will need to know the types of files (usually described by the file extension, such as .odt, .pdf, .mpeg, .mp3, .mp4) in order to better specify your inclusions and exclusions when you backup. | ||
- | Any databases (.dbf, .db) may have additional backup conditions to cope with locked or open files, records and indexes. Think of your vital club membership, mailing list, video index; all the backups can be rendered useless if you backup while they' | + | Any databases (.dbf, .db) may have additional backup conditions to cope with locked or open files, records and indexes. Think of your vital club membership, mailing list, video index; all the backups can be rendered useless if you backup while they' |
+ | |||
+ | Vous n' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Vous aurez besoin de connaître les types de fichiers (décrits la plupart du temps par l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les bases de données (.dbf, .db) peuvent avoir des conditions supplémentaires de sauvegarde pour pouvoir traiter des fichiers verrouillés ou ouverts, des archives et des index. Pensez à votre inscription vitale au club, à une liste de mailing, au catalogue de vos vidéos ; les sauvegardes peuvent être mises hors d' | ||
- | Where Are the Files/Data for Backup? | + | **Where Are the Files/Data for Backup? |
The local (internal) hard disk is the number one stop, followed by external drives, network (server) drives, NAS, SAN, and peer-to-peer connected machines. USB ' | The local (internal) hard disk is the number one stop, followed by external drives, network (server) drives, NAS, SAN, and peer-to-peer connected machines. USB ' | ||
Version Control | Version Control | ||
- | How volatile is your data? High priority or critical information can change regularly. Are you going to want to backup each version? There may be a need for generations of backups, for audit trails and inspections, | + | How volatile is your data? High priority or critical information can change regularly. Are you going to want to backup each version? There may be a need for generations of backups, for audit trails and inspections, |
- | Backup Destination | + | Où sont les fichiers/ |
+ | Le disque dur local (interne) est l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Contrôle de version | ||
+ | Jusqu' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Backup Destination | ||
Or, 'what goes where?' | Or, 'what goes where?' | ||
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offline storage. This was commonly tape, but could be anything loaded on request - tape, disk caddy, mini-disc, optical re-writeable disk, or logical volume mount. | offline storage. This was commonly tape, but could be anything loaded on request - tape, disk caddy, mini-disc, optical re-writeable disk, or logical volume mount. | ||
off-site storage. This could be physical media - say a set of imaged disks which are caddied, your digital tapes or data-DVD' | off-site storage. This could be physical media - say a set of imaged disks which are caddied, your digital tapes or data-DVD' | ||
- | Remote cloud storage, or on-line backup. | + | Remote cloud storage, or on-line backup.** |
- | For maximum peace of mind, you should be looking to hold at least three copies of data on a selection of different media types: local, off-site, and cloud. | + | L' |
+ | ou « qu' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le plan de conservation de données le plus sûr ressemble à ceci : | ||
+ | |||
+ | * le disque interne de la machine (l' | ||
+ | * un disque de sauvegarde sur le réseau (exemplaire en commun ou partagé). | ||
+ | Remarquez que maintenant que l'on fait de l' | ||
+ | stockage hors réseau. Il s' | ||
+ | * Stockage hors site. Ceci pouvait être des média physique - un ensemble de disques imagés dans des boîtiers, vos bandes numériques ou des DVD de données. | ||
+ | * Stockage à distance dans le nuage ou sauvegarde en ligne. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **For maximum peace of mind, you should be looking to hold at least three copies of data on a selection of different media types: local, off-site, and cloud. | ||
Local backup does not include the working copy on your PC. Get an external drive for convenience. Keep it somewhere safe, out of site, away from the PC. Use it as a deliberate and planned local backup. | Local backup does not include the working copy on your PC. Get an external drive for convenience. Keep it somewhere safe, out of site, away from the PC. Use it as a deliberate and planned local backup. | ||
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On-premises backups would ideally go into a fire-proof safe. | On-premises backups would ideally go into a fire-proof safe. | ||
- | Off-site means not at your home or office where the PC normally lives. If nothing else, swap between two external hard drives, and always keep one at your mother' | + | Off-site means not at your home or office where the PC normally lives. If nothing else, swap between two external hard drives, and always keep one at your mother' |
- | This provides physical persistence of data, but consider privacy and whether you need encryption for data security. If your off-site backup gets burgled, will that harm you if the data gets into the wrong hands? Family photos? No. My lawyer friend' | + | Pour une tranquillité d' |
+ | |||
+ | Les sauvegardes locales n' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Idéalement, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Hors site veut dire ni chez vous ni dans le bureau où se trouve l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **This provides physical persistence of data, but consider privacy and whether you need encryption for data security. If your off-site backup gets burgled, will that harm you if the data gets into the wrong hands? Family photos? No. My lawyer friend' | ||
Embed Backing-up into your life | Embed Backing-up into your life | ||
Or ' | Or ' | ||
- | This means a program with a scheduler, or a script triggering the backup application to copy your data onto something other than the device where the master copy lives. | + | This means a program with a scheduler, or a script triggering the backup application to copy your data onto something other than the device where the master copy lives.** |
- | Move External Backups Off-site | + | Ceci vous procure la persistance physique des données, mais pensez maintenant à votre vie privée et à la question de la nécessité du cryptage pour la sécurité de vos données. Si l' |
+ | |||
+ | Les sauvegardes devraient faire partie intégrante de votre vie | ||
+ | ou « Configurez vos sauvegardes automatiques vers des média externes » | ||
+ | |||
+ | Cela signifie un programme avec un planificateur ou un script qui déclenche l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Move External Backups Off-site | ||
The value of your backup holds for as long as it stays intact and proof against fire, flood, theft, earthquake, subsidence, and so on. Once you make a backup, remember to move it off-site to your alternate location. Don't leave it on the bookcase, on top of the fridge or under the desk. That's not a useful backup. This is why online or cloud storage is so attractive. | The value of your backup holds for as long as it stays intact and proof against fire, flood, theft, earthquake, subsidence, and so on. Once you make a backup, remember to move it off-site to your alternate location. Don't leave it on the bookcase, on top of the fridge or under the desk. That's not a useful backup. This is why online or cloud storage is so attractive. | ||
- | Online backup and storage is now a practical reality for most computer users and there are lots of providers in the industry of cloud storage. Disk space is cheap, bandwidth is available and it automatically migrates off your premises. The best cloud storage services have encryption built in. | + | Online backup and storage is now a practical reality for most computer users and there are lots of providers in the industry of cloud storage. Disk space is cheap, bandwidth is available and it automatically migrates off your premises. The best cloud storage services have encryption built in.** |
+ | |||
+ | Transportez les sauvegardes externes hors site | ||
+ | La valeur de votre sauvegarde persiste tant qu' | ||
+ | |||
+ | La sauvegarde et le stockage en ligne sont actuellement une réalité pratique pour la plupart des utilisateurs d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Testing Finally: test your backup with a partial restore from ALL sources. Just because a backup exists, doesn' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Enfin, les tests : vérifiez vos sauvegardes en faisant une restauration partielle à partir de toutes les sources. L' | ||
- | Testing | + | **Restoration is always a challenge owing to the volume of data and the length of time it takes. It has to be done to verify the integrity of your backup. |
- | Finally: test your backup | + | |
- | Restoration is always a challenge owing to the volume | + | La restauration est toujours un défi à cause du volume |
issue53/tutobackup.1316544166.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2011/09/20 20:42 de fredphil91