issue58:labolinux
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue58:labolinux [2012/03/19 17:22] – [to do] frangi | issue58:labolinux [2012/03/20 15:46] (Version actuelle) – auntiee | ||
---|---|---|---|
Ligne 1: | Ligne 1: | ||
- | ===== done ===== | ||
- | |||
** | ** | ||
Ligne 12: | Ligne 10: | ||
** | ** | ||
- | Que vous ayez besoin de comprendre si votre système prend en charge un certain mode, ou tout simplement envie d' | + | Que vous ayez besoin de comprendre si votre système prend en charge un certain mode ou tout simplement envie d' |
- | Comme beaucoup de logiciels Linux, il existe des outils à la fois graphiques et non graphiques. Le premier couple d'outils (hardinfo et lshw-gtk), ne font pas partie de l' | + | Comme c'est le cas pour beaucoup de logiciels Linux, il existe des outils à la fois graphiques et non graphiques. Le deux premiers |
sudo apt-get install hardinfo lshw-gtk | sudo apt-get install hardinfo lshw-gtk | ||
- | Alors que la plupart des outils | + | Alors que la plupart des outils d' |
- | ===== to do ===== | ||
** | ** | ||
hardinfo | hardinfo | ||
Ligne 35: | Ligne 33: | ||
hardinfo | hardinfo | ||
- | Parmi tous les outils, c'est peut-être le plus visuel, et il a quelques fonctions d' | + | Parmi tous les outils, c'est peut-être le plus visuel et il a quelques fonctions d' |
| | ||
Ligne 41: | Ligne 39: | ||
soit en tapant la même commande dans une fenêtre de terminal. | soit en tapant la même commande dans une fenêtre de terminal. | ||
- | Hardinfo a une jolie représentation graphique de chaque composant du système. Cliquer sur un élément dévoile ses attributs. Par exemple, en cliquant sur l' | + | Hardinfo a une jolie représentation graphique de chaque composant du système. Cliquer sur un élément dévoile ses attributs. Par exemple, en cliquant sur l' |
** | ** | ||
Ligne 53: | Ligne 52: | ||
This product can fill in many of the details hardinfo leaves out. lshw-gtk is a graphical front end to the command line tool lshw. As you will see, a number of these tools are related, so do not be surprised to see how similar some of the tools appear. Like hardinfo, lshw-gtk is not installed in the default installation of Ubuntu (the command line version, lshw, is). Run lshw-gtk the same manner you would hardinfo: | This product can fill in many of the details hardinfo leaves out. lshw-gtk is a graphical front end to the command line tool lshw. As you will see, a number of these tools are related, so do not be surprised to see how similar some of the tools appear. Like hardinfo, lshw-gtk is not installed in the default installation of Ubuntu (the command line version, lshw, is). Run lshw-gtk the same manner you would hardinfo: | ||
** | ** | ||
+ | |||
+ | La meilleure caractéristique, | ||
+ | |||
+ | L' | ||
+ | Si vous cherchez un peu plus d' | ||
** | ** | ||
Ligne 61: | Ligne 65: | ||
The amount of information lshw-gtk shows is very useful, and it’s a bit more friendly than its command line brother lshw. It can save system information just like hardinfo, but saves information in an XML format (better for processing, but not pretty when loaded in Firefox). The main advantage of lshw-gtk over hardinfo is that lshw-gtk displays some information (hard drive size) which hardinfo currently doesn’t show. | The amount of information lshw-gtk shows is very useful, and it’s a bit more friendly than its command line brother lshw. It can save system information just like hardinfo, but saves information in an XML format (better for processing, but not pretty when loaded in Firefox). The main advantage of lshw-gtk over hardinfo is that lshw-gtk displays some information (hard drive size) which hardinfo currently doesn’t show. | ||
- | lshw | ||
** | ** | ||
+ | |||
+ | gksudo lshw-gtk | ||
+ | |||
+ | lshw-gtk montre normalement quelques éléments de niveau supérieur qui peuvent être dépliés pour plus d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | La quantité d' | ||
+ | |||
** | ** | ||
+ | lshw | ||
+ | |||
This is the command line brother to lshw-gtk. Being a command line tool, lshw has all the typical advantages of many command line tools: it’s part of the default Ubuntu install, it can be piped to a text file and processed using other tools, and it has switches that allow for some very specific information. For example: | This is the command line brother to lshw-gtk. Being a command line tool, lshw has all the typical advantages of many command line tools: it’s part of the default Ubuntu install, it can be piped to a text file and processed using other tools, and it has switches that allow for some very specific information. For example: | ||
Ligne 74: | Ligne 86: | ||
Run without any switches, lshw displays literally pages of information. lshw-gtk saves information only in XML format, but the command line lshw can save information in XML, HTML, or json (Javascript object notation) format. | Run without any switches, lshw displays literally pages of information. lshw-gtk saves information only in XML format, but the command line lshw can save information in XML, HTML, or json (Javascript object notation) format. | ||
** | ** | ||
+ | |||
+ | lshw | ||
+ | |||
+ | C'est le frère en ligne de commande de lshw-gtk. Etant un outil en ligne de commande, lshw a tous les avantages typiques de nombreux outils en ligne de commande : il fait partie de l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | sudo lshw -class disk -class storage -short | grep sda | ||
+ | |||
+ | affiche le résultat suivant sur mon portable : | ||
+ | |||
+ | / | ||
+ | |||
+ | Lancé sans options, lshw affiche littéralement des pages d' | ||
** | ** | ||
Ligne 82: | Ligne 106: | ||
While lshw can display system information in html format, we found it didn’t work so well combined with other switches - the information was there but the formatting was completely lost. The information is so extensive that it can be a bit overwhelming. The -class and -short switches come in handy parsing down the information to something more manageable. The classes available are: system, bus, memory, processor, bridge, display, network, multimedia, disk, storage, volume, and power. For example: | While lshw can display system information in html format, we found it didn’t work so well combined with other switches - the information was there but the formatting was completely lost. The information is so extensive that it can be a bit overwhelming. The -class and -short switches come in handy parsing down the information to something more manageable. The classes available are: system, bus, memory, processor, bridge, display, network, multimedia, disk, storage, volume, and power. For example: | ||
** | ** | ||
+ | |||
+ | sudo lshw -html > hardware.html | ||
+ | |||
+ | Après l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Alors que lshw peut afficher les informations système en format html, nous avons constaté qu'il ne fonctionnait pas si bien combiné avec d' | ||
** | ** | ||
Ligne 94: | Ligne 124: | ||
One practical use of lspci is to figure out which wireless chipset a system has in order to install the correct wireless driver. Like hardinfo, lspci can display kernel module information about pci devices (using the -k switch). | One practical use of lspci is to figure out which wireless chipset a system has in order to install the correct wireless driver. Like hardinfo, lspci can display kernel module information about pci devices (using the -k switch). | ||
- | dmidecode | ||
** | ** | ||
+ | |||
+ | sudo lshw -class memory -short | ||
+ | |||
+ | lspci | ||
+ | |||
+ | lspci répertorie les périphériques PCI dans un système. Comme lshw, lspci peut afficher beaucoup d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | sudo lspci -vvv | ||
+ | |||
+ | Une utilisation pratique de lspci est de déterminer quelle puce sans fil un système possède afin d' | ||
** | ** | ||
+ | dmidecode | ||
+ | |||
This reads a system’s DMI table for information. One of the great things about dmidecode is that it can display information about the maximum supported configuration of the system. For example: dmidecode displays both the current amount and maximum amount of RAM a system can handle. It is also possible to limit the information dmidecode displays using the -t switch to limit the type of information displayed (such as processor, memory, or cache). Additional information can be displayed with a comma between information types. For example: | This reads a system’s DMI table for information. One of the great things about dmidecode is that it can display information about the maximum supported configuration of the system. For example: dmidecode displays both the current amount and maximum amount of RAM a system can handle. It is also possible to limit the information dmidecode displays using the -t switch to limit the type of information displayed (such as processor, memory, or cache). Additional information can be displayed with a comma between information types. For example: | ||
Ligne 104: | Ligne 145: | ||
The first type 4 is the processor, and the second type 22 is the battery. Of course not all the types will necessarily display for all systems. Battery information, | The first type 4 is the processor, and the second type 22 is the battery. Of course not all the types will necessarily display for all systems. Battery information, | ||
- | cat /proc | ||
** | ** | ||
+ | |||
+ | dmidecode | ||
+ | |||
+ | Cette commande lit la table DMI d'un système pour avoir des informations. Une des choses sympa de dmidecode est qu'il peut afficher des informations sur la configuration maximale prise en charge du système. Par exemple : dmidecode affiche à la fois le montant actuel et le montant maximum de RAM qu'un système peut gérer. Il est également possible de limiter l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | sudo dmidecode -t 4,22 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le premier type 4 est le processeur et le second type 22 est la batterie. Bien sûr, tous les types ne s' | ||
** | ** | ||
+ | cat /proc | ||
+ | |||
The sixth tool is not really a specific tool for querying hardware, but the combination of cat and the /proc (process) information in the Linux file system. The two processes I query most on systems are / | The sixth tool is not really a specific tool for querying hardware, but the combination of cat and the /proc (process) information in the Linux file system. The two processes I query most on systems are / | ||
Ligne 118: | Ligne 168: | ||
Checking meminfo using cat shows a lot more detail about active memory including both main memory free and swap memory free. Unlike other tools, sudo isn’t required to query the proc filesystem. | Checking meminfo using cat shows a lot more detail about active memory including both main memory free and swap memory free. Unlike other tools, sudo isn’t required to query the proc filesystem. | ||
** | ** | ||
+ | |||
+ | cat /proc | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le sixième outil n'est pas vraiment un outil spécifique pour l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | cat / | ||
+ | |||
+ | affiche sur mon portable : | ||
+ | |||
+ | model name : Intel(R) Celeron(R) M processor | ||
+ | |||
+ | Vérifier meminfo en utilisant cat montre beaucoup plus de détails sur la mémoire active, y compris à la fois la mémoire principale libre et le swap libre. Contrairement à d' | ||
+ | |||
** | ** | ||
Ligne 134: | Ligne 197: | ||
The second line ending in Permission denied can be eliminated by running df with sudo. | The second line ending in Permission denied can be eliminated by running df with sudo. | ||
** | ** | ||
+ | |||
+ | df | ||
+ | |||
+ | Celui-ci est spécifique à l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | df -hH | grep ‘sda’ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sur mon portable affiche : | ||
+ | |||
+ | df: / | ||
+ | `/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | La deuxième ligne se terminant en Permission denied peut être éliminée en exécutant df avec sudo. | ||
** | ** | ||
Ligne 144: | Ligne 220: | ||
Disk Usage Analyzer can also be run from the command line using the baobab command, but it’s still a graphical tool. The advantage of running baobab from the command line is that you can specify a particular directory without the need of drilling down to that directory from the home or root filesystem. | Disk Usage Analyzer can also be run from the command line using the baobab command, but it’s still a graphical tool. The advantage of running baobab from the command line is that you can specify a particular directory without the need of drilling down to that directory from the home or root filesystem. | ||
** | ** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Baobab L' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le dernier produit d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le menu de l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | L' | ||
** | ** | ||
Ligne 156: | Ligne 240: | ||
Nognu dmidecode page: http:// | Nognu dmidecode page: http:// | ||
** | ** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Nous avons examiné 8 outils utiles d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Liens intéressants : | ||
+ | |||
+ | Page d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Wiki de lshw : http:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | Page NoGNU de dmidecode : http:// | ||
issue58/labolinux.1332174138.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2012/03/19 17:22 de frangi