issue60:tuto_inkscape
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Prochaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue60:tuto_inkscape [2012/05/03 05:58] – créée fredphil91 | issue60:tuto_inkscape [2012/05/09 15:36] (Version actuelle) – auntiee | ||
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- | Imagine giving instructions to someone in order for them to draw a picture of a house. The chances are that you would describe geometric shapes and their relative positions. “Draw a big red rectangle about half the width of the page, roughly in the middle and a little wider than it is tall. Now put a grey triangle on top of it that’s a little wider so it overhangs at the edges...” The same instructions would work for any size of canvas from a postage stamp to a billboard. | + | **Imagine giving instructions to someone in order for them to draw a picture of a house. The chances are that you would describe geometric shapes and their relative positions. “Draw a big red rectangle about half the width of the page, roughly in the middle and a little wider than it is tall. Now put a grey triangle on top of it that’s a little wider so it overhangs at the edges...” The same instructions would work for any size of canvas from a postage stamp to a billboard. |
You’ve just imagined the world of vector graphics. | You’ve just imagined the world of vector graphics. | ||
- | When you take a photo or create an image in GIMP, you’re working with raster graphics – sometimes called bitmaps (not the same as the .bmp file format – although that is an example of a bitmap graphic). A raster graphic (or bitmap) is essentially a list of pixel colors, which tells the computer to draw a red pixel, then a blue one, then a green one... and so on, pixel-by-pixel, | + | When you take a photo or create an image in GIMP, you’re working with raster graphics – sometimes called bitmaps (not the same as the .bmp file format – although that is an example of a bitmap graphic). A raster graphic (or bitmap) is essentially a list of pixel colors, which tells the computer to draw a red pixel, then a blue one, then a green one... and so on, pixel-by-pixel, |
- | Vector graphics, on the other hand, consist of a series of instructions. “Draw a red circle with a radius of 10 units, centered at coordinates X,Y. Now draw a blue line from the top left corner of the page to the bottom right.” That red circle could have a radius of 10 inches, or it could be 10 miles, meaning that, unlike raster images, vector graphics can be scaled with no loss of quality. | + | Imaginez-vous donnant des instructions à quelqu' |
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+ | Vous venez d' | ||
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+ | Lorsque vous prenez une photo ou que vous créez une image dans GIMP, vous travaillez avec des images raster - parfois appelées bitmaps (attention, ce n'est pas la même chose que le format de fichier .bmp - même s'il s'agit d'un exemple d' | ||
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+ | **Vector graphics, on the other hand, consist of a series of instructions. “Draw a red circle with a radius of 10 units, centered at coordinates X,Y. Now draw a blue line from the top left corner of the page to the bottom right.” That red circle could have a radius of 10 inches, or it could be 10 miles, meaning that, unlike raster images, vector graphics can be scaled with no loss of quality. | ||
A small circle scaled up as a bitmap image (above left), and as a vector image (above right). | A small circle scaled up as a bitmap image (above left), and as a vector image (above right). | ||
- | Just as there are many raster formats – JPEG, GIF, PNG, BMP to name just a few – so there are also many vector formats. Most of them have grown from proprietary applications, | + | Just as there are many raster formats – JPEG, GIF, PNG, BMP to name just a few – so there are also many vector formats. Most of them have grown from proprietary applications, |
- | SVG files are plain text containing nested collections of “tags” in a similar manner to HTML files. There' | + | En revanche, le dessin vectoriel consiste en une série d'instructions. « Dessinez un cercle rouge de 10 unités de rayon, centré sur les coordonnées X,Y. Maintenant, dessinez une ligne bleue depuis le coin supérieur gauche de la page vers le coin inférieur droit. » Ce cercle rouge pourrait avoir un rayon de 10 pouces ou 10 miles, autrement dit, contrairement aux images raster, les images vectorielles peuvent être mises à n' |
- | The HTML-like structure of SVG files, together with their origins at the W3C, have made them the official standard for vector graphics in the web world. It has taken a long time, but most web browsers now natively support SVG files, and it's possible to mix them directly into HTML files – ideal for inline graphs or maps. The hierarchical structure of tags is also open to being modified by Javascript in the same way as HTML content, allowing for anyone with some web development skills to create interactive graphics. As is often the case, however, specific support varies between browsers, and some more advanced features of the SVG format may not display in the same way in all of them. | + | Un petit cercle mis à l'échelle comme image bitmap (en haut à gauche) et comme image vectorielle (en haut à droite). |
- | So SVG is great for diagrams, interactive charts, and even artistic works, but it's got one other trick up its sleeve which elevates it beyond the inherent smoothness and simplicity of pure vector graphics: it also has some support for raster images. At the simplest level, it's possible to include a raster image in an SVG file, then draw lines and circles over it, or clip it into an odd shape using an SVG path. But raster images can also be used as fill patterns in SVG files: Inkscape ships with a few of them by default, and I've personally used the sand texture | + | Il y a beaucoup de formats raster - JPEG, GIF, PNG, BMP pour en nommer quelques-uns ; de la même façon, il y a beaucoup de formats vectoriels. La plupart d' |
- | Going further still, | + | **SVG files are plain text containing nested collections |
- | Some simple vector blobs... | + | The HTML-like structure of SVG files, together with their origins at the W3C, have made them the official standard for vector graphics in the web world. It has taken a long time, but most web browsers now natively support SVG files, and it's possible to mix them directly into HTML files – ideal for inline graphs or maps. The hierarchical structure of tags is also open to being modified by Javascript in the same way as HTML content, allowing for anyone with some web development skills to create interactive graphics. As is often the case, however, specific support varies between browsers, and some more advanced features of the SVG format may not display in the same way in all of them.** |
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+ | Les fichiers SVG sont des fichiers texte contenant des collections imbriquées de « tags », similaires aux fichiers HTML. Il existe un tag < | ||
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+ | La structure à la sauce HTML des fichiers SVG et leur origine dans le W3C ont fait d'eux le standard officiel pour les images vectorielles dans le monde du web. Cela a pris beaucoup de temps, mais la plupart des navigateurs supportent les fichiers SVG nativement et il est possible de les insérer dans des fichiers HTML - ce qui est idéal pour des graphiques ou des cartes en ligne. Il est possible de modifier la structure hiérarchisée des tags avec Javascript de la même manière que du contenu HTML, permettant à quiconque ayant quelques compétences en développement web de créer des graphiques interactifs. Comme c'est souvent le cas, malheureusement, | ||
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+ | **So SVG is great for diagrams, interactive charts, and even artistic works, but it's got one other trick up its sleeve which elevates it beyond the inherent smoothness and simplicity of pure vector graphics: it also has some support for raster images. At the simplest level, it's possible to include a raster image in an SVG file, then draw lines and circles over it, or clip it into an odd shape using an SVG path. But raster images can also be used as fill patterns in SVG files: Inkscape ships with a few of them by default, and I've personally used the sand texture (which looks like the noise or snow on an un-tuned television) to help simulate stone, ash, bricks, and even a cornfield! | ||
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+ | Going further still, SVG has a concept of filters – mathematical operations that can be combined and applied to the rasterised pixels in your final image. The image is still made up of vectors, but once those vectors have been drawn, filters can create all sorts of grungy raster effects which would usually require a program like GIMP or Photoshop. Just look at how a little filtering can turn some semi-random vector blobs into an explosive fireball: | ||
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+ | Ainsi, le SVG est super pour les diagrammes, les graphiques interactifs et même pour les œuvres artistiques, | ||
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+ | En allant encore plus loin, le SVG a un concept de filtres - des opérations mathématiques qui peuvent être combinées et appliquées aux pixels rasterisés dans votre image finale. L' | ||
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+ | **Some simple vector blobs... | ||
...brought to life with some SVG filters | ...brought to life with some SVG filters | ||
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- | Next month we'll have our first touch of Inkscape. Stay tuned! | + | Next month we'll have our first touch of Inkscape. Stay tuned!** |
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+ | De simples tâches vectorisées... | ||
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+ | ...prennent vie avec des filtres SVG | ||
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+ | Si vous souhaitez dessiner des icônes pour une application en utilisant Inkscape, des graphiques pour un site web en utilisant du Javascript ou bien faire de l'art abstrait en utilisant un éditeur de texte, le SVG est un format puissant et flexible qui promet encore davantage pour les années à venir. Récupérez donc Inkscape avec votre gestionnaire de paquets et dessinez ! | ||
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+ | Liens utiles : | ||
+ | Inkscape : http:// | ||
+ | Forum des utilisateurs d' | ||
+ | Icônes SVG de la collection Tango : http:// | ||
+ | Le groupe de travail SVG du W3C : http:// | ||
+ | Le mois prochain, nous aurons notre premier contact avec Inkscape. Restez branché ! |
issue60/tuto_inkscape.1336017538.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2012/05/03 05:58 de fredphil91