issue60:tuto_inkscape
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue60:tuto_inkscape [2012/05/03 22:10] – albinoz | issue60:tuto_inkscape [2012/05/09 15:36] (Version actuelle) – auntiee | ||
---|---|---|---|
Ligne 5: | Ligne 5: | ||
When you take a photo or create an image in GIMP, you’re working with raster graphics – sometimes called bitmaps (not the same as the .bmp file format – although that is an example of a bitmap graphic). A raster graphic (or bitmap) is essentially a list of pixel colors, which tells the computer to draw a red pixel, then a blue one, then a green one... and so on, pixel-by-pixel, | When you take a photo or create an image in GIMP, you’re working with raster graphics – sometimes called bitmaps (not the same as the .bmp file format – although that is an example of a bitmap graphic). A raster graphic (or bitmap) is essentially a list of pixel colors, which tells the computer to draw a red pixel, then a blue one, then a green one... and so on, pixel-by-pixel, | ||
- | Imaginez-vous donnant des instructions à quelqu' | + | Imaginez-vous donnant des instructions à quelqu' |
Vous venez d' | Vous venez d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Lorsque vous prenez une photo ou que vous créez une image dans GIMP, vous travaillez avec des images raster - parfois appelées bitmaps (attention, ce n'est pas la même chose que le format de fichier .bmp - même s'il s'agit d'un exemple d' | ||
**Vector graphics, on the other hand, consist of a series of instructions. “Draw a red circle with a radius of 10 units, centered at coordinates X,Y. Now draw a blue line from the top left corner of the page to the bottom right.” That red circle could have a radius of 10 inches, or it could be 10 miles, meaning that, unlike raster images, vector graphics can be scaled with no loss of quality. | **Vector graphics, on the other hand, consist of a series of instructions. “Draw a red circle with a radius of 10 units, centered at coordinates X,Y. Now draw a blue line from the top left corner of the page to the bottom right.” That red circle could have a radius of 10 inches, or it could be 10 miles, meaning that, unlike raster images, vector graphics can be scaled with no loss of quality. | ||
Ligne 15: | Ligne 17: | ||
Just as there are many raster formats – JPEG, GIF, PNG, BMP to name just a few – so there are also many vector formats. Most of them have grown from proprietary applications, | Just as there are many raster formats – JPEG, GIF, PNG, BMP to name just a few – so there are also many vector formats. Most of them have grown from proprietary applications, | ||
- | En revanche, le dessin vectoriel consiste en une série d' | + | En revanche, le dessin vectoriel consiste en une série d' |
+ | |||
+ | Un petit cercle mis à l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Il y a beaucoup de formats raster - JPEG, GIF, PNG, BMP pour en nommer quelques-uns ; de la même façon, il y a beaucoup de formats vectoriels. La plupart d' | ||
**SVG files are plain text containing nested collections of “tags” in a similar manner to HTML files. There' | **SVG files are plain text containing nested collections of “tags” in a similar manner to HTML files. There' | ||
Ligne 21: | Ligne 27: | ||
The HTML-like structure of SVG files, together with their origins at the W3C, have made them the official standard for vector graphics in the web world. It has taken a long time, but most web browsers now natively support SVG files, and it's possible to mix them directly into HTML files – ideal for inline graphs or maps. The hierarchical structure of tags is also open to being modified by Javascript in the same way as HTML content, allowing for anyone with some web development skills to create interactive graphics. As is often the case, however, specific support varies between browsers, and some more advanced features of the SVG format may not display in the same way in all of them.** | The HTML-like structure of SVG files, together with their origins at the W3C, have made them the official standard for vector graphics in the web world. It has taken a long time, but most web browsers now natively support SVG files, and it's possible to mix them directly into HTML files – ideal for inline graphs or maps. The hierarchical structure of tags is also open to being modified by Javascript in the same way as HTML content, allowing for anyone with some web development skills to create interactive graphics. As is often the case, however, specific support varies between browsers, and some more advanced features of the SVG format may not display in the same way in all of them.** | ||
- | Les fichiers SVG sont des fichiers texte contenant des collections imbriquées de "tags", similairement | + | Les fichiers SVG sont des fichiers texte contenant des collections imbriquées de « tags », similaires |
+ | |||
+ | La structure à la sauce HTML des fichiers SVG et leur origine dans le W3C ont fait d'eux le standard officiel pour les images vectorielles dans le monde du web. Cela a pris beaucoup de temps, mais la plupart des navigateurs supportent les fichiers SVG nativement et il est possible de les insérer dans des fichiers HTML - ce qui est idéal pour des graphiques ou des cartes en ligne. Il est possible de modifier la structure hiérarchisée des tags avec Javascript de la même manière que du contenu HTML, permettant à quiconque ayant quelques compétences en développement web de créer des graphiques interactifs. Comme c'est souvent le cas, malheureusement, | ||
**So SVG is great for diagrams, interactive charts, and even artistic works, but it's got one other trick up its sleeve which elevates it beyond the inherent smoothness and simplicity of pure vector graphics: it also has some support for raster images. At the simplest level, it's possible to include a raster image in an SVG file, then draw lines and circles over it, or clip it into an odd shape using an SVG path. But raster images can also be used as fill patterns in SVG files: Inkscape ships with a few of them by default, and I've personally used the sand texture (which looks like the noise or snow on an un-tuned television) to help simulate stone, ash, bricks, and even a cornfield! | **So SVG is great for diagrams, interactive charts, and even artistic works, but it's got one other trick up its sleeve which elevates it beyond the inherent smoothness and simplicity of pure vector graphics: it also has some support for raster images. At the simplest level, it's possible to include a raster image in an SVG file, then draw lines and circles over it, or clip it into an odd shape using an SVG path. But raster images can also be used as fill patterns in SVG files: Inkscape ships with a few of them by default, and I've personally used the sand texture (which looks like the noise or snow on an un-tuned television) to help simulate stone, ash, bricks, and even a cornfield! | ||
- | Going further still, SVG has a concept of filters – mathematical operations that can be combined and applied to the rasterised pixels in your final image. The image is still made up of vectors, but once those vectors have been drawn, filters can create all sorts of grungy raster effects which would usually require a program like GIMP or Photoshop. Just look at how a little filtering can turn some semi-random vector blobs into an explosive fireball: | + | Going further still, SVG has a concept of filters – mathematical operations that can be combined and applied to the rasterised pixels in your final image. The image is still made up of vectors, but once those vectors have been drawn, filters can create all sorts of grungy raster effects which would usually require a program like GIMP or Photoshop. Just look at how a little filtering can turn some semi-random vector blobs into an explosive fireball:** |
- | Some simple vector blobs... | + | Ainsi, le SVG est super pour les diagrammes, les graphiques interactifs et même pour les œuvres artistiques, |
+ | |||
+ | En allant encore plus loin, le SVG a un concept de filtres - des opérations mathématiques qui peuvent être combinées et appliquées aux pixels rasterisés dans votre image finale. L' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Some simple vector blobs... | ||
...brought to life with some SVG filters | ...brought to life with some SVG filters | ||
Ligne 42: | Ligne 54: | ||
Next month we'll have our first touch of Inkscape. Stay tuned!** | Next month we'll have our first touch of Inkscape. Stay tuned!** | ||
+ | De simples tâches vectorisées... | ||
+ | |||
+ | ...prennent vie avec des filtres SVG | ||
+ | |||
+ | Si vous souhaitez dessiner des icônes pour une application en utilisant Inkscape, des graphiques pour un site web en utilisant du Javascript ou bien faire de l'art abstrait en utilisant un éditeur de texte, le SVG est un format puissant et flexible qui promet encore davantage pour les années à venir. Récupérez donc Inkscape avec votre gestionnaire de paquets et dessinez ! | ||
+ | |||
+ | Liens utiles : | ||
+ | Inkscape : http:// | ||
+ | Forum des utilisateurs d' | ||
+ | Icônes SVG de la collection Tango : http:// | ||
+ | Le groupe de travail SVG du W3C : http:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le mois prochain, nous aurons notre premier contact avec Inkscape. Restez branché ! |
issue60/tuto_inkscape.1336075858.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2012/05/03 22:10 de albinoz