issue62:tutoinkscape
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
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issue62:tutoinkscape [2012/07/03 06:58] – créée fredphil91 | issue62:tutoinkscape [2012/08/31 18:08] (Version actuelle) – auntiee | ||
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Last month, we learned how to draw ellipses using the Circle tool. But you may have noticed that we didn't actually draw any circles, despite the tool's name. You may have got close by adjusting an ellipse by eye, but that's not quite the same as drawing a perfect circle. The secret to drawing a perfect circle is actually the secret to making the best use of Inkscape in general: you need to use the keyboard. | Last month, we learned how to draw ellipses using the Circle tool. But you may have noticed that we didn't actually draw any circles, despite the tool's name. You may have got close by adjusting an ellipse by eye, but that's not quite the same as drawing a perfect circle. The secret to drawing a perfect circle is actually the secret to making the best use of Inkscape in general: you need to use the keyboard. | ||
Inkscape has a huge number of keyboard shortcuts and modifiers. Last month, I mentioned using the Plus and Minus keys to zoom in and out, but there are hundreds more listed on the Inkscape Keys and Mouse Reference – the URL is at the end of this article, but you can also get to it directly via the Help menu in Inkscape. Such a large number of shortcuts can be overwhelming, | Inkscape has a huge number of keyboard shortcuts and modifiers. Last month, I mentioned using the Plus and Minus keys to zoom in and out, but there are hundreds more listed on the Inkscape Keys and Mouse Reference – the URL is at the end of this article, but you can also get to it directly via the Help menu in Inkscape. Such a large number of shortcuts can be overwhelming, | ||
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+ | Le mois dernier, nous avons appris à dessiner des ellipses à l'aide de l' | ||
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+ | Inkscape possède un grand nombre de raccourcis clavier et de modificateurs. Le mois dernier, j'ai mentionné l' | ||
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These keys serve different purposes depending on what you're doing in Inkscape at the time that you press them, but, very broadly speaking, they usually have the following effects: | These keys serve different purposes depending on what you're doing in Inkscape at the time that you press them, but, very broadly speaking, they usually have the following effects: | ||
CTRL: Lock or snap some aspect of the operation | CTRL: Lock or snap some aspect of the operation | ||
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Select the Circle tool by clicking its icon, or by pressing the “e” key (for ellipse) or the F5 key. Now hold down CTRL while you drag an ellipse out onto the canvas. You'll find that you can no longer smoothly adjust the width and height of the ellipse, but rather that it snaps to fixed ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 3:1, and so on. So the answer to the question of how to draw a circle is simply to hold down CTRL whilst drawing an ellipse. | Select the Circle tool by clicking its icon, or by pressing the “e” key (for ellipse) or the F5 key. Now hold down CTRL while you drag an ellipse out onto the canvas. You'll find that you can no longer smoothly adjust the width and height of the ellipse, but rather that it snaps to fixed ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 3:1, and so on. So the answer to the question of how to draw a circle is simply to hold down CTRL whilst drawing an ellipse. | ||
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+ | Ces touches ont différentes fonctions selon ce que vous faites dans Inkscape au moment où vous appuyez dessus, mais, dans un sens large, elles ont généralement les effets suivants : | ||
+ | CTRL : permet de verrouiller ou déverrouiller un aspect quelconque de l' | ||
+ | MAJ : détermine le centre ou point de départ d'une opération. | ||
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+ | Une « opération » dans ce cas se réfère à dessiner, faire tourner, incliner, ou bien manipuler un objet. Examinons chacun de ces modificateurs clavier lorsqu' | ||
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+ | Sélectionnez l' | ||
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As well as locking the ratio when you first draw an object, the CTRL key can also be used to snap your subsequent edits to defined values. Try selecting your ellipse with the Circle tool active, then move the small circular control handles (to turn your ellipse into a segment or arc) while holding the CTRL key. You'll find that the handles snap to particular angles, defaulting to 15°. You can change that value via the File > Inkscape Preferences > Steps dialog, where you can choose from a selection of other angles via a drop down list, although the default is a good choice for most uses. | As well as locking the ratio when you first draw an object, the CTRL key can also be used to snap your subsequent edits to defined values. Try selecting your ellipse with the Circle tool active, then move the small circular control handles (to turn your ellipse into a segment or arc) while holding the CTRL key. You'll find that the handles snap to particular angles, defaulting to 15°. You can change that value via the File > Inkscape Preferences > Steps dialog, where you can choose from a selection of other angles via a drop down list, although the default is a good choice for most uses. | ||
Now try selecting an ellipse using the Select tool (previous page, pointer icon), then clicking a second time to enable the rotation and skewing handles. Hold down CTRL as you rotate your object, and you'll find that the same snapping action occurs. It also happens for skewing, but that's a little less obvious with an ellipse, so we'll come back to that one a little later. | Now try selecting an ellipse using the Select tool (previous page, pointer icon), then clicking a second time to enable the rotation and skewing handles. Hold down CTRL as you rotate your object, and you'll find that the same snapping action occurs. It also happens for skewing, but that's a little less obvious with an ellipse, so we'll come back to that one a little later. | ||
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+ | De la même manière que le blocage du ratio lorsque vous dessinez un objet pour la première fois, la touche CTRL peut également être utilisée pour forcer les modifications suivantes à prendre des valeurs définies. Essayez de sélectionner votre ellipse avec l' | ||
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+ | Maintenant, essayez de sélectionner une ellipse à l'aide de l' | ||
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Click on the ellipse again to switch back to the move and scale handles. If you try dragging your ellipse around, you'll find that the CTRL key locks you to only horizontal or vertical movements. Now, try resizing with the arrow handles, and you'll discover that the CTRL key locks the aspect ratio of your ellipse – you can make it bigger and smaller, but it will keep the same ratio of width to height. | Click on the ellipse again to switch back to the move and scale handles. If you try dragging your ellipse around, you'll find that the CTRL key locks you to only horizontal or vertical movements. Now, try resizing with the arrow handles, and you'll discover that the CTRL key locks the aspect ratio of your ellipse – you can make it bigger and smaller, but it will keep the same ratio of width to height. | ||
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Now let's consider the SHIFT key. Try holding it down while drawing a new ellipse. Notice that it's being drawn relative to the center of the ellipse, rather than the corner. One of the most common uses for the SHIFT key in Inkscape is to change the starting or reference point for an operation. | Now let's consider the SHIFT key. Try holding it down while drawing a new ellipse. Notice that it's being drawn relative to the center of the ellipse, rather than the corner. One of the most common uses for the SHIFT key in Inkscape is to change the starting or reference point for an operation. | ||
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+ | Cliquez encore sur l' | ||
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+ | Si vous utilisez une souris à molette, alors la touche CTRL a une autre fonction : maintenez-la enfoncée lorsque vous faites rouler la molette de la souris pour zoomer rapidement dans et hors de votre document. Pendant que vous jouez avec la molette, essayez de l' | ||
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Select an ellipse using the Select tool, then hold SHIFT as you resize it with the arrow handles. Notice how the reference point for your actions has switched to the center of the ellipse. Try pressing and releasing SHIFT while you're in the middle of resizing the ellipse to make it more obvious. You don't have to press these modifiers right at the start of an operation, you can press and release them at any point. The only thing that matters is whether they' | Select an ellipse using the Select tool, then hold SHIFT as you resize it with the arrow handles. Notice how the reference point for your actions has switched to the center of the ellipse. Try pressing and releasing SHIFT while you're in the middle of resizing the ellipse to make it more obvious. You don't have to press these modifiers right at the start of an operation, you can press and release them at any point. The only thing that matters is whether they' | ||
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You can also combine the CTRL and SHIFT keys. Press both as you draw with the Circle tool in order to create a perfect circle drawn out from its center point, or while you rotate your ellipse to rotate it in 15° steps around the opposite corner from the rotation handle. | You can also combine the CTRL and SHIFT keys. Press both as you draw with the Circle tool in order to create a perfect circle drawn out from its center point, or while you rotate your ellipse to rotate it in 15° steps around the opposite corner from the rotation handle. | ||
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+ | Sélectionnez une ellipse à l'aide de l' | ||
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+ | Cliquez sur l' | ||
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+ | Vous pouvez également combiner les touches CTRL et MAJ. Appuyez sur les deux lorsque vous dessinez avec l' | ||
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Let's finish this month with a new shape: there' | Let's finish this month with a new shape: there' | ||
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Notice how your rectangle has small square and circular handles, like those on the ellipses. The two square handles are used to adjust the width and height. Hold SHIFT as you move them to constrain your changes to just one direction or the other. The circle handle, like that on an ellipse, is actually a pair of handles on top of one another. Move just one of them (or hold CTRL whilst moving either of them), and you'll get nice symmetrically-rounded corners to your rectangle – like a quarter of a circle. Move both of them and you'll get an elliptically-rounded corner instead. If you want to go back to perfect 90° corners, simply SHIFT-click one of the circular handles, or use the button at the end of the Tool Control bar (just above the canvas). | Notice how your rectangle has small square and circular handles, like those on the ellipses. The two square handles are used to adjust the width and height. Hold SHIFT as you move them to constrain your changes to just one direction or the other. The circle handle, like that on an ellipse, is actually a pair of handles on top of one another. Move just one of them (or hold CTRL whilst moving either of them), and you'll get nice symmetrically-rounded corners to your rectangle – like a quarter of a circle. Move both of them and you'll get an elliptically-rounded corner instead. If you want to go back to perfect 90° corners, simply SHIFT-click one of the circular handles, or use the button at the end of the Tool Control bar (just above the canvas). | ||
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+ | Finissons ce mois-ci avec une nouvelle forme : il y a des limites à ce que vous pouvez dessiner avec des cercles et des ellipses et nous allons donc créer des rectangles et des carrés à la place. | ||
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+ | Pour cela, nous allons utiliser l' | ||
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+ | Notez que votre rectangle a des petites poignées carrées et circulaires, | ||
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The CTRL and SHIFT keys work in a very similar way with the Rectangle tool as they do with the Circle tool: hold down CTRL while you draw your rectangle to constrain it to fixed ratios if you want to create a perfect square, or hold down SHIFT if you want to draw from the center outwards rather than corner to corner. | The CTRL and SHIFT keys work in a very similar way with the Rectangle tool as they do with the Circle tool: hold down CTRL while you draw your rectangle to constrain it to fixed ratios if you want to create a perfect square, or hold down SHIFT if you want to draw from the center outwards rather than corner to corner. | ||
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Useful Links: | Useful Links: | ||
Keys and Mouse Reference: http:// | Keys and Mouse Reference: http:// | ||
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+ | Les touches CTRL et MAJ fonctionnent d'une manière très semblable pour l' | ||
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+ | Bien sûr, vous pouvez changer la couleur de fond et de contour pour vos rectangles, comme nous l' | ||
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+ | Maintenant que vous pouvez créer des rectangles et des carrés, pourquoi ne pas améliorer le bonhomme de neige que vous avez dessiné le mois dernier en ajoutant un chapeau et une pipe ? | ||
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+ | Liens utiles : | ||
+ | Référence pour les touches et la souris : http:// | ||
issue62/tutoinkscape.1341291483.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2012/07/03 06:58 de fredphil91