issue64:tutoinkscape
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Prochaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue64:tutoinkscape [2012/09/13 23:00] – créée fredphil91 | issue64:tutoinkscape [2012/10/11 23:07] (Version actuelle) – frangi | ||
---|---|---|---|
Ligne 1: | Ligne 1: | ||
+ | ** | ||
This month, we're going to look at setting colors for our objects. So far we've applied colors to the fill and stroke of our objects by clicking and SHIFT-clicking on the palette at the bottom of the screen. You can also set either to transparent by using the leftmost palette entry – the one with a cross through it. You've probably already discovered the scroll bar that usually lives between the palette and the status bar, and which lets you scroll through the full collection of colors in the palette, but have you noticed the tiny little button to the right of the palette area – the one that looks like a small “<” character? Clicking on that presents you with a pop-up menu of palette options (far right). | This month, we're going to look at setting colors for our objects. So far we've applied colors to the fill and stroke of our objects by clicking and SHIFT-clicking on the palette at the bottom of the screen. You can also set either to transparent by using the leftmost palette entry – the one with a cross through it. You've probably already discovered the scroll bar that usually lives between the palette and the status bar, and which lets you scroll through the full collection of colors in the palette, but have you noticed the tiny little button to the right of the palette area – the one that looks like a small “<” character? Clicking on that presents you with a pop-up menu of palette options (far right). | ||
Most of this menu is taken up by a list of palettes you can use. Try switching between a few of them to see how they look. Then play with the Size and Width sub-menus to find a swatch size that you're comfortable with. Finally, try the Wrap checkbox to see whether you prefer to see all of your palette at once (even if it takes up more vertical space), or are happy to use the scrollbar when you need to access the more distant colors. | Most of this menu is taken up by a list of palettes you can use. Try switching between a few of them to see how they look. Then play with the Size and Width sub-menus to find a swatch size that you're comfortable with. Finally, try the Wrap checkbox to see whether you prefer to see all of your palette at once (even if it takes up more vertical space), or are happy to use the scrollbar when you need to access the more distant colors. | ||
+ | ** | ||
+ | Ce mois-ci, nous allons nous pencher sur la colorisation de nos objets. Jusqu' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Une grande partie de ce menu est occupée par une liste de palettes que vous pouvez utiliser. Essayez de cliquer sur quelques-unes d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ** | ||
If you want to use your own palette – perhaps to fit in with a corporate color scheme or to integrate with other icons in an application – you can drop a GIMP palette file (.gpl) into your .inkscape/ | If you want to use your own palette – perhaps to fit in with a corporate color scheme or to integrate with other icons in an application – you can drop a GIMP palette file (.gpl) into your .inkscape/ | ||
The palette is great for quickly selecting a color for your fill or stroke, but what if you want a color that's not present in the palette? That's where the Fill & Stroke dialog comes in. There are various ways to open the dialog, including the button on the Commands toolbar, selecting an object then picking 'Fill and Stroke' | The palette is great for quickly selecting a color for your fill or stroke, but what if you want a color that's not present in the palette? That's where the Fill & Stroke dialog comes in. There are various ways to open the dialog, including the button on the Commands toolbar, selecting an object then picking 'Fill and Stroke' | ||
+ | ** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Si vous souhaitez utiliser votre propre palette, peut-être pour l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | La palette est géniale pour choisir rapidement une couleur pour le remplissage ou le contour, mais que faire si vous voulez une couleur qui n'est pas présente dans la palette ? C'est là qu' | ||
+ | ** | ||
At the top of the dialog are three tabs for setting the Fill, the Stroke Paint, and the Stroke Style. The first two offer almost identical options, so we'll just discuss the Fill tab and you can extrapolate from there. | At the top of the dialog are three tabs for setting the Fill, the Stroke Paint, and the Stroke Style. The first two offer almost identical options, so we'll just discuss the Fill tab and you can extrapolate from there. | ||
Ligne 12: | Ligne 25: | ||
The second button lets you choose a single color for your fill or stroke. In that respect, it's the same as selecting from the palette, except that you have much finer control over the color. Choosing this button presents you with yet more tabs offering a few different methods for picking your color. Don't be fooled though: Inkscape uses RGB (Red, Green, Blue) values in its files even if you select a color via the HSL or CMYK tabs. This is one example of Inkscape being restricted by the capabilities of the SVG format. The CMS tab is only of use if you set up a color management system on your computer, and is outside the scope of this series. | The second button lets you choose a single color for your fill or stroke. In that respect, it's the same as selecting from the palette, except that you have much finer control over the color. Choosing this button presents you with yet more tabs offering a few different methods for picking your color. Don't be fooled though: Inkscape uses RGB (Red, Green, Blue) values in its files even if you select a color via the HSL or CMYK tabs. This is one example of Inkscape being restricted by the capabilities of the SVG format. The CMS tab is only of use if you set up a color management system on your computer, and is outside the scope of this series. | ||
+ | ** | ||
+ | En haut de la boîte de dialogue il y a trois onglets pour régler le fond, la couleur du contour et le style de celui-ci. Les deux premiers offrent des options presque identiques, nous allons donc discuter de l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Immédiatement en dessous de l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le deuxième bouton vous permet de choisir une couleur unique pour le fond et le contour. De ce point de vue, c'est la même chose que la sélection dans la palette, sauf que vous avez un contrôle beaucoup plus fin sur la couleur. Choisir ce bouton, vous montre des onglets qui offrent quelques méthodes différentes pour sélectonner votre couleur. Ne soyez pas dupe cependant: Inkscape utilise des valeurs RVB (Rouge, Vert, Bleu) dans ses fichiers même si vous sélectionnez une couleur via les onglets TSL ou CMJN. Ceci est un des exemples démontrant qu' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ** | ||
Whichever color picker you choose, you'll find a slider at the bottom labelled with an ' | Whichever color picker you choose, you'll find a slider at the bottom labelled with an ' | ||
As with the No Paint option, setting the alpha channel for both the fill and stroke to zero will render your object completely invisible. If the fill or stroke is partially transparent, | As with the No Paint option, setting the alpha channel for both the fill and stroke to zero will render your object completely invisible. If the fill or stroke is partially transparent, | ||
+ | ** | ||
- | The third and fourth buttons let you use a gradient for your fill or stroke. Gradients will be the subject of next month's article, so remember that these buttons exist, but we'll skip over them for now. | + | Quel que soit le sélecteur de couleurs que vous choisirez, vous trouverez un curseur en bas étiqueté d'un « A ». C'est le « canal alpha », qui est simplement un autre terme pour l' |
+ | Comme avec l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ** | ||
+ | The third and fourth buttons let you use a gradient for your fill or stroke. Gradients will be the subject of next month' | ||
+ | |||
The next button lets you paint your fill or stroke using a pattern. Inkscape ships with a variety of stripes and polka dots which are available via a pop-up menu when you select this option. Most patterns are black or white, with just one color pattern (Camouflage) and three grayscale bitmap images that can be used as patterns, right at the bottom of the list. It is possible to create your own patterns and to adjust the size and scale of the built-in patterns, but those are subjects for another day. | The next button lets you paint your fill or stroke using a pattern. Inkscape ships with a variety of stripes and polka dots which are available via a pop-up menu when you select this option. Most patterns are black or white, with just one color pattern (Camouflage) and three grayscale bitmap images that can be used as patterns, right at the bottom of the list. It is possible to create your own patterns and to adjust the size and scale of the built-in patterns, but those are subjects for another day. | ||
Also being put off for later articles are the Unset Paint button that looks like a question mark and the two splodges on the right of the Fill tab. | Also being put off for later articles are the Unset Paint button that looks like a question mark and the two splodges on the right of the Fill tab. | ||
+ | ** | ||
+ | Les troisième et quatrième boutons vous permettent d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le bouton suivant vous permet de peindre le fond ou le contour en utilisant un motif. Inkscape inclue une variété de rayures et de pois qui sont disponibles via un menu déroulant lorsque vous sélectionnez cette option. La plupart des motifs sont en noir et blanc, avec un seul modèle de couleur (Camouflage) et trois images en niveaux de gris qui peuvent être utilisées comme motifs, juste au bas de la liste. Il est possible de créer vos propres motifs et d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Également repoussés à des articles ultérieurs, | ||
+ | |||
+ | ** | ||
The third main tab on the Fill and Stroke dialog is labelled as Stroke Style. While the Stroke Paint tab is used to set the color, gradient or pattern that is used for the stroke, this tab lets you manage all the other parameters. Most of these settings can be adjusted only by using this dialog, so it's worth becoming familiar with it. | The third main tab on the Fill and Stroke dialog is labelled as Stroke Style. While the Stroke Paint tab is used to set the color, gradient or pattern that is used for the stroke, this tab lets you manage all the other parameters. Most of these settings can be adjusted only by using this dialog, so it's worth becoming familiar with it. | ||
At the top is a spin-box for setting the width of the stroke, and an associated pop-up menu for picking the units that the width is measured in. These duplicate the functionality available from the right-click menu on the status bar, but offer a greater choice of units and finer control over the width. SVG currently allows the stroke to only straddle the outline of the object, half inside and half outside it. You can see this clearly by reducing the alpha channel on a thick stroke – notice that the fill shows through the inner half of the stroke. It's worth remembering, | At the top is a spin-box for setting the width of the stroke, and an associated pop-up menu for picking the units that the width is measured in. These duplicate the functionality available from the right-click menu on the status bar, but offer a greater choice of units and finer control over the width. SVG currently allows the stroke to only straddle the outline of the object, half inside and half outside it. You can see this clearly by reducing the alpha channel on a thick stroke – notice that the fill shows through the inner half of the stroke. It's worth remembering, | ||
+ | ** | ||
+ | Le troisième onglet principal de la boîte de dialogue Remplissage et contour s' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Au sommet se trouve un boite de saisie pour régler l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ** | ||
Next are three radio buttons labelled as Join. These determine how the corners of your objects are drawn – either as sharp (mitred), rounded or bevelled corners. The difference between them can easily be seen by drawing a star (above left). | Next are three radio buttons labelled as Join. These determine how the corners of your objects are drawn – either as sharp (mitred), rounded or bevelled corners. The difference between them can easily be seen by drawing a star (above left). | ||
Ligne 32: | Ligne 74: | ||
The Cap buttons affect the ends of your lines. Most of the objects we've drawn so far are continuous loops, so the ends aren't really clear, but if you use the circle handles to turn an ellipse into an arc then you'll have an object with obvious ends. The middle option, Round Cap, finishes your lines with a semicircular smooth extension to the end. The other two options, Butt Cap and Square Cap, both give a squared-off end to your line, and differ only in whether the square extends beyond the nominal end of the line (Square Cap), or stops precisely at that point (Butt Cap). | The Cap buttons affect the ends of your lines. Most of the objects we've drawn so far are continuous loops, so the ends aren't really clear, but if you use the circle handles to turn an ellipse into an arc then you'll have an object with obvious ends. The middle option, Round Cap, finishes your lines with a semicircular smooth extension to the end. The other two options, Butt Cap and Square Cap, both give a squared-off end to your line, and differ only in whether the square extends beyond the nominal end of the line (Square Cap), or stops precisely at that point (Butt Cap). | ||
+ | ** | ||
+ | Ensuite, il y a trois boutons appelés Raccord. Ils déterminent comment les coins de vos objets sont dessinés : soit pointus (coin carré), soit arrondis, soit biseautés. La différence peut être facilement vue en dessinant une étoile (en haut à gauche). | ||
+ | |||
+ | Quand un coin pointu est particulièrement aigu, la pointe du raccord peut s' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les boutons Terminaison affectent les extrémités de vos lignes. La plupart des objets que nous avons dessinés à ce jour sont des boucles fermées, de sorte que les extrémités ne sont pas vraiment définies, mais si vous utilisez les poignées du cercle pour changer une ellipse en un arc, alors vous aurez un objet avec des extrémités évidentes. L' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ** | ||
The stroke doesn' | The stroke doesn' | ||
The three pop-up menus for Start, Mid and End Markers allow you to select arrowheads, circles, squares and other shapes which will be positioned on your stroke. Once again, the Start and End options make most sense on an unclosed line, such as an arc. On a closed line, you'll probably want to use only one or the other. The Mid Markers appear wherever there is a corner or a transition to a different line segment – which includes the transition from straight to curved segments on a rounded rectangle. This image shows just three examples of markers and dash patterns in use (bottom). | The three pop-up menus for Start, Mid and End Markers allow you to select arrowheads, circles, squares and other shapes which will be positioned on your stroke. Once again, the Start and End options make most sense on an unclosed line, such as an arc. On a closed line, you'll probably want to use only one or the other. The Mid Markers appear wherever there is a corner or a transition to a different line segment – which includes the transition from straight to curved segments on a rounded rectangle. This image shows just three examples of markers and dash patterns in use (bottom). | ||
+ | ** | ||
+ | Le trait ne doit pas obligatoirement être une simple ligne continue, il peut consister en un motif de tirets qui se répètent, appelés Pointillés. N' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les trois menus déroulants pour les marqueurs initiaux, intermédiaires et terminaux vous permettent de sélectionner des flèches, des cercles, des carrés et d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ** | ||
One big caveat with markers is that they will appear in black, regardless of the color of your stroke. Fortunately Inkscape does ship with an extension that tweaks the necessary SVG internals for you, so making the colors match is as simple as selecting your marker-laden object, and then heading up to the menu bar to choose Extensions > Modify Path > Color Markers to Match Stroke. Even using this extension, however, markers are always opaque, regardless of the alpha setting of your stroke. | One big caveat with markers is that they will appear in black, regardless of the color of your stroke. Fortunately Inkscape does ship with an extension that tweaks the necessary SVG internals for you, so making the colors match is as simple as selecting your marker-laden object, and then heading up to the menu bar to choose Extensions > Modify Path > Color Markers to Match Stroke. Even using this extension, however, markers are always opaque, regardless of the alpha setting of your stroke. | ||
The last part of the Fill and Stroke dialog to explain is the pair of sliders at the bottom – to adjust the Blur and Opacity. The former is a convenient shortcut for adding the Gaussian Blur filter to an object. SVG filters are a major topic of their own that we'll look at in a later article, but, for now, it's enough to know that increasing this slider will cause your object to become blurred. The more you increase it, the more blurred your object will be. Don't go too overboard: usually a small value will give you a good effect, whilst larger values just dissipate your object into mist. Be aware that using filters will slow the speed at which Inkscape redraws the screen, especially if you're zoomed in closely. | The last part of the Fill and Stroke dialog to explain is the pair of sliders at the bottom – to adjust the Blur and Opacity. The former is a convenient shortcut for adding the Gaussian Blur filter to an object. SVG filters are a major topic of their own that we'll look at in a later article, but, for now, it's enough to know that increasing this slider will cause your object to become blurred. The more you increase it, the more blurred your object will be. Don't go too overboard: usually a small value will give you a good effect, whilst larger values just dissipate your object into mist. Be aware that using filters will slow the speed at which Inkscape redraws the screen, especially if you're zoomed in closely. | ||
+ | ** | ||
+ | Faites bien attention avec les marqueurs, car ils apparaissent en noir, quelle que soit la couleur de votre crayon. Heureusement, | ||
+ | |||
+ | La dernière partie à expliquer de la boite de dialogue Remplissage et contour est la paire de curseurs en bas, pour régler le Flou et l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ** | ||
The opacity slider has the same effect as the ' | The opacity slider has the same effect as the ' | ||
Ligne 46: | Ligne 108: | ||
Why not use that trick on your snowman image to give a little graininess to the covering of snow on the ground with the addition of the Sand texture at a low opacity. Add in some color tweaks, a bit of blurring, and some translucency on the shadows, and you should find that, with your new found mastery of the Fill and Stroke dialog, your image is starting to look a little less flat. | Why not use that trick on your snowman image to give a little graininess to the covering of snow on the ground with the addition of the Sand texture at a low opacity. Add in some color tweaks, a bit of blurring, and some translucency on the shadows, and you should find that, with your new found mastery of the Fill and Stroke dialog, your image is starting to look a little less flat. | ||
+ | ** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le curseur d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le curseur d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pourquoi ne pas utiliser cette astuce sur votre image de bonhomme de neige pour donner une petite granularité à la neige sur le sol avec l' | ||
issue64/tutoinkscape.1347570018.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2012/09/13 23:00 de fredphil91