issue66:demandez_au_petit_nouveau
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Prochaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue66:demandez_au_petit_nouveau [2012/10/26 23:16] – créée andre_domenech | issue66:demandez_au_petit_nouveau [2013/01/03 08:12] (Version actuelle) – fcm_-_ekel | ||
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- | Hi, everyone! Welcome back to Ask the New Guy! | + | **Hi, everyone! Welcome back to Ask the New Guy! |
Today’s question comes to us from Joe P. who asks: | Today’s question comes to us from Joe P. who asks: | ||
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That's how I feel about software updates. | That's how I feel about software updates. | ||
- | “Forget it, Copil, it's package management.” | + | “Forget it, Copil, it's package management.”** |
- | Sure, it doesn' | + | Salut tout le monde ! Bon retour dans Demandez au petit nouveau ! |
+ | |||
+ | La question d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Q : Comment mettre à jour des programmes sous Ubuntu ? | ||
+ | |||
+ | R : Bonne question, Joe ! | ||
+ | |||
+ | Toute discussion détaillée de ce sujet commence, comme il se doit, avec la dernière scène de Chinatown. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Durant tout le film, Jake Gittes essaie de comprendre le fonctionnement du monde et ne rencontre que la détresse. Pendant qu'il essaie de replacer ses déboires dans leur contexte, son partenaire, Walsh, prononce l'une des répliques les plus célèbres dans l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | « Oublie tout ça, Jake, c'est Chinatown. » | ||
+ | |||
+ | C'est comme ça aussi que je perçois les mises à jour de logiciels. | ||
+ | |||
+ | « Oublie tout ça, Copil, c'est de la gestion des paquets. » | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Sure, it doesn' | ||
I mean, if it's really important to you, I guess you could simply burn a new .iso, and re-install Ubuntu every time you need to update some minor solitaire game. Easy peasy, lemon squeezy. | I mean, if it's really important to you, I guess you could simply burn a new .iso, and re-install Ubuntu every time you need to update some minor solitaire game. Easy peasy, lemon squeezy. | ||
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Oh, fine, Joe, if you're going to be such a defeatist, and say my solution seems unreasonable, | Oh, fine, Joe, if you're going to be such a defeatist, and say my solution seems unreasonable, | ||
- | I warned you, Joe, you're playing with fire, you're walking into the mouth of madness, you're buying discount condoms at the Dollar Store. This won't be pretty. | + | I warned you, Joe, you're playing with fire, you're walking into the mouth of madness, you're buying discount condoms at the Dollar Store. This won't be pretty.** |
+ | |||
+ | C'est vrai, ça n'a pas la même énergie dramatique, mais tu vois ce que je veux dire. Un processus qui devrait être simple est LITTÉRALEMENT comme essayer de prendre une porte à tambour chaussé de skis. C'est impossible ! Il n'est point compréhensible, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Après tout, si cela te tient vraiment à cœur, tu pourrais tout simplement graver une nouvelle .iso et réinstaller Ubuntu chaque fois que tu as besoin de mettre à jour un quelconque jeu de patience. Facile comme bonjour. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Comme tu veux, Joe, si tu veux être très défaitiste et dire que ma solution te semble déraisonnable, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Je t' | ||
- | WHAT'S A PACKAGE? | + | **WHAT'S A PACKAGE? |
Let's start by defining terms. For some insane reason, Ubuntu refers to programs as packages. Leave it to the evil cabal behind Linux to rename everything. I mean, do these people go around calling their ears “hearing eyes?” Well, they shouldn' | Let's start by defining terms. For some insane reason, Ubuntu refers to programs as packages. Leave it to the evil cabal behind Linux to rename everything. I mean, do these people go around calling their ears “hearing eyes?” Well, they shouldn' | ||
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Hey, I just looked this up and it turns out Linux talks about packages because, when you want to install a program, there are usually a bunch of files and programs that are necessary to make it run. | Hey, I just looked this up and it turns out Linux talks about packages because, when you want to install a program, there are usually a bunch of files and programs that are necessary to make it run. | ||
- | So, why aren't those files already included in a typical Ubuntu install? Because if you included the universe of programs and files needed to make ALL software run (even stuff you'll never, ever use), Ubuntu would be as bloated as my Aunt Gertrude after burrito night at her Canasta club. | + | So, why aren't those files already included in a typical Ubuntu install? Because if you included the universe of programs and files needed to make ALL software run (even stuff you'll never, ever use), Ubuntu would be as bloated as my Aunt Gertrude after burrito night at her Canasta club.** |
- | Instead, Linux programs are “packaged” with all the bits you need to run them. If homebuilt guillotine kits worked this way, you'd get a free Front-of-the-Line pass for the emergency room. So I guess this is kinda smart if you think about it. Probably just an anomaly, though. Don't worry, Joe, the rest of this will be unintelligible, | + | QU' |
+ | |||
+ | Commençons par quelques définitions. Pour une raison défiant toute logique, Ubuntu a choisi d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ah ! Je viens de faire des recherches et il s' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Alors pourquoi ces fichiers-là ne sont-ils pas inclus dans une installation type d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Instead, Linux programs are “packaged” with all the bits you need to run them. If homebuilt guillotine kits worked this way, you'd get a free Front-of-the-Line pass for the emergency room. So I guess this is kinda smart if you think about it. Probably just an anomaly, though. Don't worry, Joe, the rest of this will be unintelligible, | ||
ADD PACKAGES USING UBUNTU SOFTWARE CENTER | ADD PACKAGES USING UBUNTU SOFTWARE CENTER | ||
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Okay, so let's look at adding a package (then we'll move on to updating it). First, find the Ubuntu Software Center. In Ubuntu 12.04 you can type Software in the Dash field. | Okay, so let's look at adding a package (then we'll move on to updating it). First, find the Ubuntu Software Center. In Ubuntu 12.04 you can type Software in the Dash field. | ||
+ | Type the name or description of what you're looking for (eg: text editor) in the top-right search field. Choose the software you want from the results, and click INSTALL. Once you give it your root password, the program installs.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Au lieu de cela, les programmes Linux viennent dans des paquets contenant tous les trucs dont tu auras besoin pour les faire fonctionner. Si les kits de guillotine fonctionnaient ainsi, tu aurais droit à un coupe-file gratuit pour les Urgences. Et, si l'on y réfléchit, | ||
+ | |||
+ | L' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Bon, examinons l' | ||
- | Type the name or description | + | Tape le nom ou la description |
- | Hmm, I must be doing something wrong because that was completely painless. And it even downloaded all the extra bits I needed to run the program without me lifting a finger. | + | **Hmm, I must be doing something wrong because that was completely painless. And it even downloaded all the extra bits I needed to run the program without me lifting a finger. |
Well, the fun ends here because keeping that bad boy up-to-date is like wearing sandpaper contact lenses (which I used to do until they upgraded my health plan at work). | Well, the fun ends here because keeping that bad boy up-to-date is like wearing sandpaper contact lenses (which I used to do until they upgraded my health plan at work). | ||
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UPDATE PACKAGES USING UPDATE MANAGER | UPDATE PACKAGES USING UPDATE MANAGER | ||
- | See, packages added from the Software Center get updated using the Update Manager. | + | See, packages added from the Software Center get updated using the Update Manager.** |
- | The Update Manager alerts you when there are updates for your installed packages. To apply the changes, you click the INSTALL UPDATES button. I mean, c'mon, what am I, a brain surgeon?! | + | Ahhh, il doit y avoir quelque chose qui cloche dans ma façon de faire, car c' |
+ | |||
+ | Bon, c'est ici qu'on arrête de s' | ||
+ | |||
+ | LA MISE À JOUR DES PAQUETS AVEC LE GESTIONNAIRE DE MISES À JOUR | ||
+ | |||
+ | En fait, les paquets ajoutés à partir de la Logithèque sont mis à jour avec le Gestionnaire de mises à jour. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **The Update Manager alerts you when there are updates for your installed packages. To apply the changes, you click the INSTALL UPDATES button. I mean, c'mon, what am I, a brain surgeon?! | ||
Again, there must be a step missing because that wasn't so bad. | Again, there must be a step missing because that wasn't so bad. | ||
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STEP 1: UPDATE THE PACKAGE INDEX | STEP 1: UPDATE THE PACKAGE INDEX | ||
- | So get this. Before you go installing programs, Linux suggests you update something called the Package Index. Da Hell?! | + | So get this. Before you go installing programs, Linux suggests you update something called the Package Index. Da Hell?!** |
- | Well, we know what packages are. But an index of packages is probably some kind of compendium of cray-cray. Right? | + | Le Gestionnaire de mises à jour t' |
+ | |||
+ | À nouveau, il doit y avoir une étape manquante, puisque ce n' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Eh bien, à partir de maintenant, c'est super dur, car c'est le moment d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ÉTAPE 1 : MISE À JOUR DE L' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Écoute ceci. Avant de commencer à installer des programmes, Linux suggère de mettre à jour quelque chose qui s' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Well, we know what packages are. But an index of packages is probably some kind of compendium of cray-cray. Right? | ||
Wait. No, I just checked and it's just an index. Of packages. My bad. | Wait. No, I just checked and it's just an index. Of packages. My bad. | ||
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Fine, here's what you type: | Fine, here's what you type: | ||
- | sudo apt-get update | + | sudo apt-get update |
Sudo gives you root access, apt-get is the command that installs/ | Sudo gives you root access, apt-get is the command that installs/ | ||
- | Now that we have a current list of available programs, our luck has come to an end. It's time to install a package. | + | Now that we have a current list of available programs, our luck has come to an end. It's time to install a package.** |
- | STEP 2: INSTALL A PACKAGE | + | Nous savons ce que c'est qu'un paquet. Mais l' |
+ | |||
+ | Attends. Non, je viens de vérifier et c'est tout simplement un index. De paquets. Au temps pour moi. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ainsi, l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Bien, voici ce que tu tapes : | ||
+ | |||
+ | sudo apt-get update | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sudo te donne l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Maintenant que nous avons une liste actualisée des programmes disponibles, | ||
+ | |||
+ | **STEP 2: INSTALL A PACKAGE | ||
Let's say you want to install a program called ProgramName (original, huh?). Take a look at this horrible stew of rancid commands: | Let's say you want to install a program called ProgramName (original, huh?). Take a look at this horrible stew of rancid commands: | ||
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sudo apt-get install ProgramName | sudo apt-get install ProgramName | ||
- | That's the command line entry for INSTALLING a package! Do you think I’m stupid, Ubuntu?! | + | That's the command line entry for INSTALLING a package! Do you think I’m stupid, Ubuntu?!** |
- | Ah, I see now. Running this command when the program is already installed causes Linux to update the package to the latest version. Even I have to admit, that’s pretty cool! | + | ÉTAPE 2 : L' |
+ | |||
+ | Supposons que tu veuilles installer un programme appelé Nomduprogramme (original, n' | ||
+ | |||
+ | sudo apt-get install Nomduprogramme | ||
+ | |||
+ | Attends... je pensais que c' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ÉTAPE 3 : MISE À JOUR DU PAQUET | ||
+ | |||
+ | La seule chose qu'il te reste à faire maintenant, c'est de mettre à jour le programme que tu viens d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | sudo apt-get install Nomduprogramme | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ça, c'est la commande en ligne pour l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Ah, I see now. Running this command when the program is already installed causes Linux to update the package to the latest version. Even I have to admit, that’s pretty cool! | ||
No, NO! FOCUS! This is NOT easy, don't get distracted by Ubuntu' | No, NO! FOCUS! This is NOT easy, don't get distracted by Ubuntu' | ||
- | Here’s a scenario Ubuntu can’t fake its way out of. Let's say you installed a package a while back. But you forgot its name. All you remember is that you wanted to update to the newest version. I DON'T KNOW, maybe someone hit you on the head with a cricket bat and you got selective amnesia! Work with me, people! | + | Here’s a scenario Ubuntu can’t fake its way out of. Let's say you installed a package a while back. But you forgot its name. All you remember is that you wanted to update to the newest version. I DON'T KNOW, maybe someone hit you on the head with a cricket bat and you got selective amnesia! Work with me, people!** |
- | In this completely plausible scenario, here's what you type: | + | Ah-hah, j'ai compris. Exécuter cette commande alors que le programme est déjà installé fait que Linux met le paquet à jour vers la version la plus récente. Même moi, je dois avouer que ça c'est vachement chouette ! |
+ | |||
+ | Non, NON ! CONCENTRE-TOI ! Ce n'est PAS facile. Il ne faut pas te laisser distraire par les manières brillantes et l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Voici un problème hypothétique qu' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **In this completely plausible scenario, here's what you type: | ||
sudo apt-get upgrade | sudo apt-get upgrade | ||
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To Install/ | To Install/ | ||
1. Find and install the packages you want from the Ubuntu Software Center | 1. Find and install the packages you want from the Ubuntu Software Center | ||
- | 2. Update all installed packages using Update Manager | + | 2. Update all installed packages using Update Manager** |
- | To Install/ | + | Dans ce scénario tout à fait vraisemblable, |
+ | |||
+ | sudo apt-get upgrade | ||
+ | |||
+ | Attends, quoi ? Et tu dis qu'il met à jour TOUS TES PAQUETS, non pas seulement celui dont tu ne te souvenais pas ? Oh. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Récapitulons. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les paquets sont des programmes avec tous les morceaux qu'il faut pour les faire fonctionner. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour installer/ | ||
+ | 1. Trouvez et installez les paquets que vous voulez depuis la Logithèque Ubuntu. | ||
+ | 2. Mettez à jour tous les paquets installés avec le Gestionnaire des mises à jour. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | **To Install/ | ||
1. Update the list of packages: sudo apt-get update | 1. Update the list of packages: sudo apt-get update | ||
2. Install the desired program (or update it if it's already installed): sudo apt-get install ProgramName | 2. Install the desired program (or update it if it's already installed): sudo apt-get install ProgramName | ||
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- | Thanks to Joe P. for his question! f you have a simple question and want an answer that doesn’t require grad school, contact me at copil.yanez@gmail.com. | + | Thanks to Joe P. for his question! f you have a simple question and want an answer that doesn’t require grad school, contact me at copil.yanez@gmail.com.** |
+ | |||
+ | Pour installer/ | ||
+ | 1. Mettez la liste de paquets à jour : sudo apt-get update. | ||
+ | 2. Installez le programme voulu (ou mettez-le à jour, s'il est déjà installé) : sudo apt-get install Nomduprogramme. | ||
+ | 3. Installez la version la plus récente de tous vos paquets : sudo apt-get upgrade. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Oh là. Tout ça a l'air plutôt facile ! Mais je croyais que Linux était DIFFICILE ! Es-tu aussi troublé que moi ? | ||
+ | |||
+ | Oublie ça, Joe, c'est Ubuntu. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Merci à Joe P. pour sa question ! Si vous avez une question simple et voulez une réponse qui ne nécessite pas de diplôme avancé, contactez-moi à copil.yanez@gmail.com |
issue66/demandez_au_petit_nouveau.1351286176.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2012/10/26 23:16 de andre_domenech