issue66:tutoriel_-_do_painless_reinstall
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Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue66:tutoriel_-_do_painless_reinstall [2012/11/10 12:47] – auntiee | issue66:tutoriel_-_do_painless_reinstall [2013/01/04 17:16] (Version actuelle) – [Conclusion] frangi | ||
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+ | |||
+ | ===== Intro ===== | ||
+ | |||
Titre : **Do Painless Reinstalls | Titre : **Do Painless Reinstalls | ||
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Dans cet article, je veux expliquer comment, avec un peu de préparation et de planification, | Dans cet article, je veux expliquer comment, avec un peu de préparation et de planification, | ||
- | Par le passé, j'ai eu des problèmes lorsque j'ai fait des mises à niveau in situ... il est probable que quelque chose a toujours été cassé pendant le processus et, de toute façon, j'ai fini par devoir faire une réinstallation complète. En outre, j'aime l' | + | Par le passé, j'ai eu des problèmes lorsque j'ai fait des mises à niveau |
**The methods and processes that I use certainly did not originate with me. The great thing about this community – of which we are a part – is that there are so many tremendously talented and intelligent people who are willing to share their expertise with us common folk. We just have to recognize our need, research the available solutions, select the solutions that fit our requirements, | **The methods and processes that I use certainly did not originate with me. The great thing about this community – of which we are a part – is that there are so many tremendously talented and intelligent people who are willing to share their expertise with us common folk. We just have to recognize our need, research the available solutions, select the solutions that fit our requirements, | ||
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Every six months a new version of *buntu comes out, and you are faced with making a choice about what to do. First of all: do you even want to upgrade to this version? Maybe you have the current version tweaked pretty much to your liking, and everything is running great, so, maybe you don't really need the new version. However, unless your system is a single-application machine that just runs and runs and never needs an update, then you know that this is not a viable option. Maybe you can skip an upgrade, or two, but eventually you will have to upgrade.** | Every six months a new version of *buntu comes out, and you are faced with making a choice about what to do. First of all: do you even want to upgrade to this version? Maybe you have the current version tweaked pretty much to your liking, and everything is running great, so, maybe you don't really need the new version. However, unless your system is a single-application machine that just runs and runs and never needs an update, then you know that this is not a viable option. Maybe you can skip an upgrade, or two, but eventually you will have to upgrade.** | ||
- | Il est certain | + | Il est évident |
Une nouvelle version de *buntu sort tous les six mois et vous êtes alors obligé de choisir ce qu'il convient de faire. Tout d' | Une nouvelle version de *buntu sort tous les six mois et vous êtes alors obligé de choisir ce qu'il convient de faire. Tout d' | ||
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• more time-consuming** | • more time-consuming** | ||
- | Par ailleurs, la nouvelle version peut proposer des corrections et des améliorations que vous attendez avec impatience, ce qui fait que vous voulez sans aucun doute mettre votre système à niveau. Si vous décidez, en effet, de faire une mise à niveau, vous vous trouvez face à une autre décision : faites vous une mise à niveau in situ ou une nouvelle installation ? Lorsque vous comparez les avantages et les inconvénients de ces deux options, vous arrivez à quelque chose comme ceci : | + | Par ailleurs, la nouvelle version peut proposer des corrections et des améliorations que vous attendez avec impatience, ce qui fait que vous voulez sans aucun doute mettre votre système à niveau. Si vous décidez, en effet, de faire une mise à niveau, vous vous trouvez face à une autre décision : faites-vous une mise à niveau |
Avantages d'une mise à niveau : | Avantages d'une mise à niveau : | ||
- | * simple et rapide (si tout se passe bien) | + | * simple et rapide (si tout se passe bien) ; |
- | * les fichiers et les dossiers personnels existants sont préservés | + | * les fichiers et les dossiers personnels existants sont préservés |
- | * les programmes et les paramètres existants sont préservés | + | * les programmes et les paramètres existants sont préservés. |
Inconvénients d'une mise à niveau : | Inconvénients d'une mise à niveau : | ||
- | * cela peut se passer mal | + | * cela peut se passer mal ; |
- | * de vieilles | + | * de vieilles |
Avantages d'une nouvelle installation : | Avantages d'une nouvelle installation : | ||
- | * tout est comme il faut, frais et propre | + | * tout est comme il faut, frais et propre |
- | * vous n' | + | * vous n' |
- | * évite les problèmes éventuels d'une mise à niveau | + | * évite les problèmes éventuels d'une mise à niveau. |
Inconvénients d'une nouvelle installation : | Inconvénients d'une nouvelle installation : | ||
- | * toutes les applis et toutes les données personnelles doivent être réinstallées/ | + | * toutes les applis et toutes les données personnelles doivent être réinstallées/ |
- | * cela prend beaucoup plus de temps | + | * cela prend beaucoup plus de temps. |
**As I mentioned above, I have already made the decision to just always go for the fresh install, and, if they are honest with themselves, I think most people would really prefer a fresh install. But, then you fire up the live CD, and select the option to Erase Ubuntu 11.10 and reinstall, and you see the dire warning that says: This will delete all your Ubuntu 11.10 programs, documents, photos, music, and any other files, and your mind screams NO!!!, I don't want to delete all my stuff! | **As I mentioned above, I have already made the decision to just always go for the fresh install, and, if they are honest with themselves, I think most people would really prefer a fresh install. But, then you fire up the live CD, and select the option to Erase Ubuntu 11.10 and reinstall, and you see the dire warning that says: This will delete all your Ubuntu 11.10 programs, documents, photos, music, and any other files, and your mind screams NO!!!, I don't want to delete all my stuff! | ||
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So, how do you get past this mental roadblock? The answer, of course, is reliable backups and a safe, consistent method of getting all your stuff (applications, | So, how do you get past this mental roadblock? The answer, of course, is reliable backups and a safe, consistent method of getting all your stuff (applications, | ||
- | Comme indiqué ci-dessus, j'ai déjà décidé de toujours opter pour une nouvelle installation et, s'ils sont honnêtes envers eux-mêmes, je pense que la plupart des gens préféreraient sans conteste une nouvelle installation. Mais, alors, vous mettez le live CD et sélectionnez l' | + | Comme indiqué ci-dessus, j'ai déjà décidé de toujours opter pour une nouvelle installation et, s'ils sont honnêtes envers eux-mêmes, je pense que la plupart des gens préféreraient sans conteste une nouvelle installation. Mais alors, vous mettez le live CD et sélectionnez l' |
- | Bien. Comment passer outre cet obstacle mental ? La réponse est, bien entendu, des sauvegardes fiables et une méthode | + | Bien. Comment passer outre cet obstacle mental ? La réponse est, bien entendu, des sauvegardes fiables et une méthode |
+ | |||
+ | ===== Les Sauvegardes ===== | ||
**BACKUPS | **BACKUPS | ||
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SAUVEGARDES | SAUVEGARDES | ||
- | Le premier élément clé du processus est une sauvegarde fiable. | + | Le premier élément clé du processus est une sauvegarde fiable. |
Cependant, si vous cherchez un bon processus de sauvegarde, j' | Cependant, si vous cherchez un bon processus de sauvegarde, j' | ||
- | L' | + | L' |
**But, let me give you a quick overview. Rsync is a very efficient *nix utility for keeping the files in a destination location synchronized with the files in a source location. As with all such utilities, it has a whole bunch of options and settings. Suffice to say, for our purposes, it has the ability to maintain all of the file properties (timestamps, | **But, let me give you a quick overview. Rsync is a very efficient *nix utility for keeping the files in a destination location synchronized with the files in a source location. As with all such utilities, it has a whole bunch of options and settings. Suffice to say, for our purposes, it has the ability to maintain all of the file properties (timestamps, | ||
- | Cela étant dit, permettez-moi de vous en donner un bref aperçu. Rsync est un utilitaire très efficace *nix ; il garde synchronisé | + | Cela étant dit, permettez-moi de vous en donner un bref aperçu. Rsync est un utilitaire très efficace *nix ; il garde synchronisés |
**Now we come to the real beauty of Mike Rubel' | **Now we come to the real beauty of Mike Rubel' | ||
- | Et maintenant pour le véritable mérite de la méthode de Mike Ruble : sa façon de faire des copies multiples de la sauvegarde sans utiliser des tonnes d' | + | Et maintenant pour le véritable mérite de la méthode de Mike Ruble : sa façon de faire des copies multiples de la sauvegarde sans utiliser des tonnes d' |
**However, if you use the command line: | **However, if you use the command line: | ||
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cp -al dir1/file1 dir2/file1 | cp -al dir1/file1 dir2/file1 | ||
- | Cette commande demande au système de créer un nouveau nom de fichier, rep2, | + | cette commande demande au système de créer un nouveau nom de fichier, rep2, |
- | Par exemple : disons que notre destination principale s' | + | Par exemple : disons que notre destination principale s' |
cp -al dest-1 dest-2 | cp -al dest-1 dest-2 | ||
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Par conséquent, | Par conséquent, | ||
- | Vous pouvez vous demander ce qui arrive quand la prochaine synchronisation avec rsync rencontre un fichier source qui a été modifié ou supprimé. Si nous modifions fichier1 sur notre système, puis faites | + | Vous pouvez vous demander ce qui arrive quand la prochaine synchronisation avec rsync rencontre un fichier source qui a été modifié ou supprimé. Si nous modifions fichier1 sur notre système, puis faisons |
**That brings up another point about Mike Rubel' | **That brings up another point about Mike Rubel' | ||
- | Cela soulève un autre point au sujet du système de Mike Rubel qui est différent de ce que la plupart des gens pensent traditionnellement des sauvegardes entières et incrémentales et peut paraître, | + | Cela soulève un autre point au sujet du système de Mike Rubel qui est différent de ce que la plupart des gens pensent traditionnellement des sauvegardes entières et incrémentales et peut paraître, |
+ | |||
+ | ===== Les applications ===== | ||
**APPLICATIONS | **APPLICATIONS | ||
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One of the absolutely awesome things about *buntu is the package management system for installing apps. I know, I know; *buntu is not the only Linux distro that uses a package manager, but I get excited about it when I think of the environment that I escaped from several years ago. Yeah, you know the one I'm talking about, the one with registry settings, dynamic linked libraries that are always stepping on each other, frequent crashes and reboots, and where a package management system and an official package repository are completely foreign concepts. To be sure, there are Linux purists who insist on compiling all their apps from source code, but, the package manager has made life in *buntu land simple, quick, and easy for the rest of us.** | One of the absolutely awesome things about *buntu is the package management system for installing apps. I know, I know; *buntu is not the only Linux distro that uses a package manager, but I get excited about it when I think of the environment that I escaped from several years ago. Yeah, you know the one I'm talking about, the one with registry settings, dynamic linked libraries that are always stepping on each other, frequent crashes and reboots, and where a package management system and an official package repository are completely foreign concepts. To be sure, there are Linux purists who insist on compiling all their apps from source code, but, the package manager has made life in *buntu land simple, quick, and easy for the rest of us.** | ||
- | Comme déjà mentionné, le deuxième ingrédient capital est une méthode | + | Comme déjà mentionné, le deuxième ingrédient capital est une méthode |
- | Sans conteste, une des choses merveilleuses dans *buntu est le système de gestion des paquets pour l' | + | Sans conteste, |
- | Many, if not most, folks are content to simply use the GUI tools for installing apps (Software Center or Synaptic Package Manager), but the real power and flexibility is in using the command line (apt-get). I confess to using the GUI myself to browse or search for apps, but then I always use the command line to actually install them. The reason I install with the command line is because I want to make sure I have the package name spelled correctly because, when a new package is installed, I immediately add the package name to my " | + | **Many, if not most, folks are content to simply use the GUI tools for installing apps (Software Center or Synaptic Package Manager), but the real power and flexibility is in using the command line (apt-get). I confess to using the GUI myself to browse or search for apps, but then I always use the command line to actually install them. The reason I install with the command line is because I want to make sure I have the package name spelled correctly because, when a new package is installed, I immediately add the package name to my " |
+ | |||
+ | sudo apt-get install asunder apache2 audacity bum calibre dconf-tools devede dvdrip easytag filelight fldiff gconf-editor geany geany-plugin-macro gftp gimp gnome-rdp gnucash growisofs imagemagick imagination keepassx lame libgtk2.0-dev libmysql-java libreoffice lsb mysql-server mysql-workbench nfs-common ntfsprogs openssh-server openssh-client pdfedit php5 phpmyadmin psutils putty shutter vinagre winff xsane** | ||
+ | |||
+ | La plupart des gens, sinon la presque totalité, sont contents d' | ||
sudo apt-get install asunder apache2 audacity bum calibre dconf-tools devede dvdrip easytag filelight fldiff gconf-editor geany geany-plugin-macro gftp gimp gnome-rdp gnucash growisofs imagemagick imagination keepassx lame libgtk2.0-dev libmysql-java libreoffice lsb mysql-server mysql-workbench nfs-common ntfsprogs openssh-server openssh-client pdfedit php5 phpmyadmin psutils putty shutter vinagre winff xsane | sudo apt-get install asunder apache2 audacity bum calibre dconf-tools devede dvdrip easytag filelight fldiff gconf-editor geany geany-plugin-macro gftp gimp gnome-rdp gnucash growisofs imagemagick imagination keepassx lame libgtk2.0-dev libmysql-java libreoffice lsb mysql-server mysql-workbench nfs-common ntfsprogs openssh-server openssh-client pdfedit php5 phpmyadmin psutils putty shutter vinagre winff xsane | ||
- | Sometimes, there are glitches with this method; if I'm switching from one *buntu to another, I may find that I am missing an important app because it used to be part of the distro in the previous version but it is not part of the distro in the new version. No problem... I just sudo apt-get install it, and then add it to my list. Sometimes, though, a package gets dropped from the official package repository. In this case, I have to either find an alternative app, or find someone who has a PPA for the app. | + | **Sometimes, there are glitches with this method; if I'm switching from one *buntu to another, I may find that I am missing an important app because it used to be part of the distro in the previous version but it is not part of the distro in the new version. No problem... I just sudo apt-get install it, and then add it to my list. Sometimes, though, a package gets dropped from the official package repository. In this case, I have to either find an alternative app, or find someone who has a PPA for the app. |
In spite of the occasional minor glitch, though, this method will generally get all of your apps back. But... it takes personal discipline to keep your list up-to-date whenever you add or remove apps on your system. | In spite of the occasional minor glitch, though, this method will generally get all of your apps back. But... it takes personal discipline to keep your list up-to-date whenever you add or remove apps on your system. | ||
- | I should also note that the file where I keep my list is where I also make notes about special cases. For example: if I need to install an app from a PPA, as mentioned above, I will have the command lines in this file so that, later, all I have to do is cut and paste them in a terminal session. | + | I should also note that the file where I keep my list is where I also make notes about special cases. For example: if I need to install an app from a PPA, as mentioned above, I will have the command lines in this file so that, later, all I have to do is cut and paste them in a terminal session.** |
+ | |||
+ | Parfois, il peut y avoir des problèmes avec cette méthode ; si je change de distrib. *buntu, je peux constater qu'une application importante me manque parce qu' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Malgré des problèmes mineurs occasionnels, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Je dois aussi vous faire remarquer que le fichier où je garde la liste est aussi celui où je fais des notes sur des cas spéciaux. Par exemple : si j'ai besoin d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Un raccourci ===== | ||
- | A SHORTCUT | + | **A SHORTCUT |
However, it is possible to completely eliminate having to restore your data and application settings in situations where you are simply upgrading or refreshing your system. This is a HUGE time saving because your data is usually far and away the biggest slice of your disk space, so restoring it from backup takes a long time. The way you eliminate having to restore it is by NOT deleting it during the system reinstall. And the way you accomplish this is by partitioning your hard drive so that the /home directory is on a separate partition. | However, it is possible to completely eliminate having to restore your data and application settings in situations where you are simply upgrading or refreshing your system. This is a HUGE time saving because your data is usually far and away the biggest slice of your disk space, so restoring it from backup takes a long time. The way you eliminate having to restore it is by NOT deleting it during the system reinstall. And the way you accomplish this is by partitioning your hard drive so that the /home directory is on a separate partition. | ||
- | If you are performing a disaster recovery or migrating to a new hard drive or computer, then you will, of course, still have to do a full restore, as explained later. | + | If you are performing a disaster recovery or migrating to a new hard drive or computer, then you will, of course, still have to do a full restore, as explained later.** |
- | Many folks, when doing a reinstall as opposed to an in-place upgrade, simply tell the *buntu installer to use their entire hard drive for the installation. It's the easy way, and does have the advantage of not forcing you to decide how you want to partition your hard drive or how big each partition should be, etc. Designating too much space for a partition means that there will be unused, wasted, space that might be needed by another partition. On the other hand, if you don't designate enough space for a partition, especially the root partition, you may run out of space and might even crash the system. | + | UN RACCOURCI |
- | If you want to establish a starting point for your partition sizes, use a disk space analyzer such as Filelight to see how much your current /home directory is using. Use the df command to see how much total space you are using. The difference is how much space everything else is using. Add a comfortable margin to this and use this as the root partition size. You also need a swap partition equal to the amount of physical RAM you have in your computer. Use the remaining space for /home. | + | Il est néanmoins possible d' |
- | The following will help illustrate this. Note that I am using VirtualBox running on my laptop so that I can get screenshots of some of these steps. The partition sizes shown are not meant to be recommendations. I am using a relatively small 16 GB virtual disk, and simply split it into three partitions to use for this illustration. | + | Si vous faites une restauration d' |
+ | |||
+ | **Many folks, when doing a reinstall as opposed to an in-place upgrade, simply tell the *buntu installer to use their entire hard drive for the installation. It's the easy way, and does have the advantage of not forcing you to decide how you want to partition your hard drive or how big each partition should be, etc. Designating too much space for a partition means that there will be unused, wasted, space that might be needed by another partition. On the other hand, if you don't designate enough space for a partition, especially the root partition, you may run out of space and might even crash the system. | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you want to establish a starting point for your partition sizes, use a disk space analyzer such as Filelight to see how much your current /home directory is using. Use the df command to see how much total space you are using. The difference is how much space everything else is using. Add a comfortable margin to this and use this as the root partition size. You also need a swap partition equal to the amount of physical RAM you have in your computer. Use the remaining space for /home.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Lorsqu' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pour définir un point de départ pour la taille des partitions, utilisez un analyseur d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **The following will help illustrate this. Note that I am using VirtualBox running on my laptop so that I can get screenshots of some of these steps. The partition sizes shown are not meant to be recommendations. I am using a relatively small 16 GB virtual disk, and simply split it into three partitions to use for this illustration. | ||
Select the Something else option when asked about which installation type you want. This will allow you to create separate partitions for root, swap, and /home. | Select the Something else option when asked about which installation type you want. This will allow you to create separate partitions for root, swap, and /home. | ||
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Since this was a single partition disk that we are splitting into three partitions, both the / and the /home partitions will be formatted, as indicated by the check marks. | Since this was a single partition disk that we are splitting into three partitions, both the / and the /home partitions will be formatted, as indicated by the check marks. | ||
- | Continue with the rest of the installation. Because this is the first time you have split your drive into multiple partitions, you will be required to fully restore everything to your /home partition because it has been newly formatted. | + | Continue with the rest of the installation. Because this is the first time you have split your drive into multiple partitions, you will be required to fully restore everything to your /home partition because it has been newly formatted.** |
- | But, in the future, when you get to this step, here is what your Installation Type screen will look like the one shown below right. | + | En voici une illustration qui devrait aider. Il faut savoir que j' |
+ | |||
+ | Sélectionnez l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Si, actuellement, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Surlignez le dispositif /dev/sda et cliquez sur « Add » (Ajouter)... À l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Maintenant votre écran Installation Type ressemble à celui montré ci-dessous à gauche. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Puisqu' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Poursuivez l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **But, in the future, when you get to this step, here is what your Installation Type screen will look like the one shown below right. | ||
It has found all your partitions that were set up previously, but the installer does not know what you want to do with them until you give it specific instructions. | It has found all your partitions that were set up previously, but the installer does not know what you want to do with them until you give it specific instructions. | ||
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Then select the partition that you had originally set up for /home. Specify the type of file system and the mount point, but MAKE SURE THAT THE FORMAT BOX IS UN-CHECKED. | Then select the partition that you had originally set up for /home. Specify the type of file system and the mount point, but MAKE SURE THAT THE FORMAT BOX IS UN-CHECKED. | ||
- | Now continue with the reinstallation. Because this time we did NOT format the /home partition, all of our data and application settings remain intact, giving us most of the advantages of doing an in-place upgrade since none of our /home stuff has to be restored from backup. | + | Now continue with the reinstallation. Because this time we did NOT format the /home partition, all of our data and application settings remain intact, giving us most of the advantages of doing an in-place upgrade since none of our /home stuff has to be restored from backup.** |
+ | |||
+ | Mais à l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Il a trouvé toutes les partitions créées précédemment, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sélectionnez la partition que vous avez paramétrée au départ comme la partition / (racine), /dev/sda1 dans mon cas, et cliquez sur « change »... Ici vous aurez à lui dire, à nouveau, le type de système de fichiers à mettre sur la partition et le point de montage. Aussi, il faut vous assurer que la case « format » soit cochée. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ensuite, sélectionnez la partition que vous avez paramétrée au départ comme la partition /home. Précisez le type de système de fichiers et le point de montage, mais ASSUREZ-VOUS QUE LA CASE « FORMAT » NE SOIT PAS COCHÉE. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Poursuivez la réinstallation. Parce que, cette fois-ci, nous n' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Le processus ===== | ||
- | THE PROCESS | + | **THE PROCESS |
Okay, let's assume that you have been faithful in your backups and in keeping your “list” up-to-date, and it is now time to reinstall your system, whether it be an upgrade to a new version, or a new distro, or a disaster recovery, or you simply want to refresh your system. Here is the process: | Okay, let's assume that you have been faithful in your backups and in keeping your “list” up-to-date, and it is now time to reinstall your system, whether it be an upgrade to a new version, or a new distro, or a disaster recovery, or you simply want to refresh your system. Here is the process: | ||
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So, Lubuntu-D620 is my computer name. As you can see, I am running Lubuntu on a Dell D620. The D620 is not the most up-to-date hardware and I was looking for something “lighter” than Ubuntu, and have settled on Lubuntu... for now. | So, Lubuntu-D620 is my computer name. As you can see, I am running Lubuntu on a Dell D620. The D620 is not the most up-to-date hardware and I was looking for something “lighter” than Ubuntu, and have settled on Lubuntu... for now. | ||
- | If you normally use a wireless network connection, you might want to instead use a wired network connection for the install. In my case at least, the wireless always gets broken when I reinstall because the Broadcom drivers are not included in the distro. You will probably need a network connection before your installation is complete, so don't take a chance, just plug it in now. | + | If you normally use a wireless network connection, you might want to instead use a wired network connection for the install. In my case at least, the wireless always gets broken when I reinstall because the Broadcom drivers are not included in the distro. You will probably need a network connection before your installation is complete, so don't take a chance, just plug it in now.** |
- | Pop the live CD in, and reboot from the CD, and select the ‘Something else’ option described above to either set up your partitions, or to format just the root partition while leaving the /home partition intact. Here is where you will have to enter your computer name and your username. You definitely want to use the same username that you had in the old system so that the installation will use your existing home directory rather than creating a new user directory in /home, and so that the permissions for all your data remain intact. Let it run, and reboot when complete. | + | LE PROCESSUS |
+ | |||
+ | OK, supposons que vous ayez religieusement fait des sauvegardes, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Notez le nom de votre ordinateur - en général, vous voudrez que le nouveau système aie le même nom que l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Bon, le nom de mon ordinateur est Lubuntu-D620. Comme vous pouvez le voir, mon Dell D620 tourne sous Lubuntu. Le D620 est loin d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Si vous avez l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Pop the live CD in, and reboot from the CD, and select the ‘Something else’ option described above to either set up your partitions, or to format just the root partition while leaving the /home partition intact. Here is where you will have to enter your computer name and your username. You definitely want to use the same username that you had in the old system so that the installation will use your existing home directory rather than creating a new user directory in /home, and so that the permissions for all your data remain intact. Let it run, and reboot when complete. | ||
After the reboot, run Update Manager to get all the updates and patches for your new install. | After the reboot, run Update Manager to get all the updates and patches for your new install. | ||
- | If necessary, restore your home directory from the backup. You need to do this step only if you are migrating to a new hard drive or to a new computer, or performing a disaster recovery. If you are simply reinstalling the operating system, and have your drive partitioned as explained above, then all of your data and application settings are still in your /home partition, and you do NOT need to restore anything. In either case, whether you restore your home directory or use the existing /home partition, your home directory will contain all the hidden files that have the configuration settings for all your apps. In my case there are also some other files that I restore outside of my home directory: /var/www (for my local web sites), and / | + | If necessary, restore your home directory from the backup. You need to do this step only if you are migrating to a new hard drive or to a new computer, or performing a disaster recovery. If you are simply reinstalling the operating system, and have your drive partitioned as explained above, then all of your data and application settings are still in your /home partition, and you do NOT need to restore anything. In either case, whether you restore your home directory or use the existing /home partition, your home directory will contain all the hidden files that have the configuration settings for all your apps. In my case there are also some other files that I restore outside of my home directory: /var/www (for my local web sites), and / |
- | I like to reboot again at this point just to make sure that my login is now using all the system settings that I had previously defined. | + | Insérez le live CD, redémarrez à partir du CD et sélectionnez l' |
+ | |||
+ | Après avoir redémarré, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Si nécessaire, | ||
+ | |||
+ | **I like to reboot again at this point just to make sure that my login is now using all the system settings that I had previously defined. | ||
Run your sudo apt-get install command to reinstall all your apps. Now is the time to review your list to eliminate any apps that you no longer use or want. Since all of your application settings (hidden files) are already in your /home directory, the package installer will find those settings and use them. In most cases, the reinstalled app will be configured just as it was before. If you do decide to eliminate apps from your list, the configuration settings files will still reside in your home directory. Don't be concerned about that; they don't take up much space, and later, if you decide you want that app back again, you can sudo apt-get install it and the settings will still be there. | Run your sudo apt-get install command to reinstall all your apps. Now is the time to review your list to eliminate any apps that you no longer use or want. Since all of your application settings (hidden files) are already in your /home directory, the package installer will find those settings and use them. In most cases, the reinstalled app will be configured just as it was before. If you do decide to eliminate apps from your list, the configuration settings files will still reside in your home directory. Don't be concerned about that; they don't take up much space, and later, if you decide you want that app back again, you can sudo apt-get install it and the settings will still be there. | ||
- | At this point I usually reboot one more time. The system should now be fully operational and should look and feel pretty much as before, but you may have to do some minor tweaking. For instance, I always have to manually reinstall my printer since there is no official package for my Epson Artisan 730 printer drivers in the repository. I have a .deb package that is in my Downloads folder, so I just have to manually install that and then go into CUPS to add the printer. I also use MySql and have to manually import all my databases from backup. These are the kinds of things that you will want to keep track of in your notes in the file where your “list” is kept. | + | At this point I usually reboot one more time. The system should now be fully operational and should look and feel pretty much as before, but you may have to do some minor tweaking. For instance, I always have to manually reinstall my printer since there is no official package for my Epson Artisan 730 printer drivers in the repository. I have a .deb package that is in my Downloads folder, so I just have to manually install that and then go into CUPS to add the printer. I also use MySql and have to manually import all my databases from backup. These are the kinds of things that you will want to keep track of in your notes in the file where your “list” is kept.** |
- | CAVEATS | + | À ce stade, j'aime redémarrer à nouveau pour m' |
+ | |||
+ | Lancez votre commande sudo apt-get install pour réinstaller toutes vos applis. C'est le moment de revoir votre liste pour supprimer toutes les applis que vous ne voulez plus. Puisque tous les paramètres des applications (des fichiers cachés) sont déjà dans votre répertoire /home, l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | En général, à ce stade, je redémarre une nouvelle fois. Le système devrait maintenant être complètement opérationnel et devrait vous procurer presque les mêmes sensations qu' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Avertissements ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | **CAVEATS | ||
No process is foolproof; do not just dive into this without thoroughly testing everything. Hard drive prices being what they are, it is relatively inexpensive to have a spare drive on hand for testing this. Just remove your system drive and pop in a spare. If things don't work as they should, you have not jeopardized your system in the least. | No process is foolproof; do not just dive into this without thoroughly testing everything. Hard drive prices being what they are, it is relatively inexpensive to have a spare drive on hand for testing this. Just remove your system drive and pop in a spare. If things don't work as they should, you have not jeopardized your system in the least. | ||
- | Alternatively, | + | Alternatively, |
- | CONCLUSION | + | MISES EN GARDE |
+ | |||
+ | Aucun processus n'est infaillible ; avant de vous lancer dans celui-ci, il faut absolument tout tester et en profondeur. Les disques dur étant actuellement abordable, avoir un disque de rab à portée de main pour le tester, ne représenterait pas un gros investissement. Il suffit d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ou alors vous pourriez installer VirtualBox puis créer une machine virtuelle pour tester le processus. Certes, ce n'est pas aussi rapide parce que les entrées-sorties d'une machine virtuelle ne sont pas aussi efficaces, mais, pour des tests, l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Conclusion ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | **CONCLUSION | ||
My goal in this article is to show that it is possible to have the perceived advantages of an in-place upgrade and the very real advantages of a reinstall. Once you are familiar with the entire process, and confident in your ability to perform it, you can have peace of mind in knowing that if your computer is lost, stolen or damaged, you can quickly and easily recover from any catastrophe. | My goal in this article is to show that it is possible to have the perceived advantages of an in-place upgrade and the very real advantages of a reinstall. Once you are familiar with the entire process, and confident in your ability to perform it, you can have peace of mind in knowing that if your computer is lost, stolen or damaged, you can quickly and easily recover from any catastrophe. | ||
- | Hopefully, this article will stimulate you into doing some planning and preparation for your next upgrade so that you will have the tools and expertise in place when you need it. | + | Hopefully, this article will stimulate you into doing some planning and preparation for your next upgrade so that you will have the tools and expertise in place when you need it.** |
+ | |||
+ | CONCLUSION | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dans cet article, mon objectif était de démontrer qu'il est possible d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | J' |
issue66/tutoriel_-_do_painless_reinstall.1352548050.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2012/11/10 12:47 de auntiee