| Prochaine révision | Révision précédente |
| issue70:mon_histoire [2013/03/15 17:01] – créée andre_domenech | issue70:mon_histoire [2013/05/13 23:12] (Version actuelle) – andre_domenech |
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| I should preface this by saying that I’ve been using Linux for a long, long time. I also should note that, in all that time, I’ve never learned to program, develop or hack anything. I can write basic scripts if I have to, tinker with config files when necessary, and work when needed with the command line; that’s about it. I’m a user, not a developer, hacker or guru. | ===== 1 ===== |
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| I first came to Linux in 1995, after repeated headaches with the then new Windows 95. I’d heard about this Unix-like operating system that a college student had created and was giving away for free, and it piqued my curiosity. I’d like to say I just found a distro and installed it and life was grand, but it didn’t work that way back then. I instead had to download the source code, get a GCC compiler and all the other necessities running under DOS, and do it the hard way. But I was hooked. I started with TWM as a window manager, compiled a few apps I downloaded from a BBS, and I was off and running. Within a year or so, I’d found you could buy packaged versions at the local office supply, and my first was Red Hat, though now I can’t remember what version it was. Later came Debian, Mandrake, then SuSE. Debian and SuSE – now openSuSE – I’ve bounced back and forth with over the years, and for perhaps the last five or so I’ve pretty much settled on openSuSE. Until just recently. | **I should preface this by saying that I’ve been using Linux for a long, long time. I also should note that, in all that time, I’ve never learned to program, develop or hack anything. I can write basic scripts if I have to, tinker with config files when necessary, and work when needed with the command line; that’s about it. I’m a user, not a developer, hacker or guru. |
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| Anyone who keeps up with with Linux news in recent years can’t avoid running across things about Ubuntu. The trolls may say what they will, but Ubuntu has made great progress in putting Linux into the mainstream, and today you can’t find many applications that, if they have a Linux version at all, aren’t packaged for Ubuntu. Many computer manufacturers, like System76, if they use Linux, it’s Ubuntu. It’s in schools, institutions, government offices, it’s just about everywhere. Even Google now has its own version of Ubuntu for its employees. What is so special about it? Why has one distribution become almost synonymous with Linux? It piqued my curiosity. | I first came to Linux in 1995, after repeated headaches with the then new Windows 95. I’d heard about this Unix-like operating system that a college student had created and was giving away for free, and it piqued my curiosity. I’d like to say I just found a distro and installed it and life was grand, but it didn’t work that way back then. I instead had to download the source code, get a GCC compiler and all the other necessities running under DOS, and do it the hard way. But I was hooked. I started with TWM as a window manager, compiled a few apps I downloaded from a BBS, and I was off and running. Within a year or so, I’d found you could buy packaged versions at the local office supply, and my first was Red Hat, though now I can’t remember what version it was. Later came Debian, Mandrake, then SuSE. Debian and SuSE – now openSuSE – I’ve bounced back and forth with over the years, and for perhaps the last five or so I’ve pretty much settled on openSuSE. Until just recently.** |
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| About two years ago, I actually tried Ubuntu – I think it was version 10.04 or 10.10, and frankly wasn’t that impressed. It was Gnome-centric for one, and I’m a KDE user. I read about Kubuntu being a KDE spin of Ubuntu, so I gave that a try. Sorry to say, compared to openSuSE or Debian it was too slow and bloated for my taste, so it too didn’t last long on my computer. In the time between then and now, though, Ubuntu has continued to become the port of first call for anyone looking into or trying Linux. Even one of my favorite video podcasts, the Linux Action Show, has become very Ubuntu-centric, Ubuntu gaining converts of the two hosts. So, recently, I decided to use the example of one of the hosts and give the latest Ubuntu a 30-day tryout, basically force myself to use it for 30 days and see how it felt after that. About two months ago I started on this experiment, and, well, here’s what happened. | En guise de remarque introductive, je voudrais dire que j'utilise Linux depuis très, très longtemps. Je voudrais aussi préciser que, pendant tout ce temps, je n'ai jamais appris à programmer, développer ou hacker quoi que ce soit. Je sais écrire des scripts de base si nécessaire, fignoler des fichiers config au besoin et travailler en ligne de commande quand je n'ai pas le choix ; c'est à peu près tout. Je suis utilisateur ; je ne suis ni développeur, ni hacker, ni gourou. |
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| At first, I was quite impressed with Unity, it was different than the Gnome 2 I remembered, but more impressive to me were the speed improvements since my last foray with Ubuntu two years ago. However, after just a week of using only Unity, I started to feel that, while I’d learned my way around it and most of its way of doing things, I saw it as more eye-candy than as a better way of working. While I liked some of the lenses and the way they integrated the web into the desktop, I felt overall the HUD was too slow, took up too much screen real estate, and, in particular with the menu integration, it was just too hard to find what you’re looking for. I know it’s a work in progress, in time it will get much better and more refined, but, as it stands now, it just doesn’t work for me and the way I like to do things. But, I was going to be fair, and stuck to my plan of using it for thirty days. Then I dumped it and installed openSuSE 12.1. | C'est en 1995, après des problèmes à répétition avec le nouveau Windows 95, que j'ai eu mes premières expériences avec Linux. J'avais entendu parler de ce système d'exploitation créé et offert gratuitement par un étudiant en université et cela avait éveillé ma curiosité. J'aimerais pouvoir dire qu'il m'a suffi de trouver et installer une distrib. et que la vie était belle, mais cela ne fonctionnait pas comme ça autrefois. À la place, j'ai dû télécharger le code source, faire fonctionner sous DOS un compilateur GCC et tous les autres trucs nécessaires ; bref, partir de zéro. Mais je suis devenu accro. J'ai commencé avec TWM comme gestionnaire de fenêtres, compilé quelques applis que j'avais téléchargées sur un BBS et j'étais définitivement lancé. En environ un an, j'avais découvert qu'il était possible d'en acheter des versions emballées au magasin de bureautique du coin et la première que j'ai eue fut Red Hat - je n'arrive pas à me souvenir de la version précise. Après ce furent Debian, Mandrake, puis SuSE. Debian et SuSE - actuellement openSuSE - j'ai basculé entre les deux au fil des ans et, depuis à peu près les cinq dernières années, j'avais finalement choisi openSuSE. Jusque dans un passé récent. |
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| Something happened, though. There was an unexpected side-effect. I’d never even given it a thought while I was experimenting with Ubuntu, but it was there nonetheless, and, when I went back to openSuSE, it suddenly dawned on me. I knew why Ubuntu and its spin-offs are always at the top of the distro heap, why they’re so popular, and why they’re achieving what so many others have failed to: it all has to do with packages. | **Anyone who keeps up with with Linux news in recent years can’t avoid running across things about Ubuntu. The trolls may say what they will, but Ubuntu has made great progress in putting Linux into the mainstream, and today you can’t find many applications that, if they have a Linux version at all, aren’t packaged for Ubuntu. Many computer manufacturers, like System76, if they use Linux, it’s Ubuntu. It’s in schools, institutions, government offices, it’s just about everywhere. Even Google now has its own version of Ubuntu for its employees. What is so special about it? Why has one distribution become almost synonymous with Linux? It piqued my curiosity. |
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| For those unfamiliar with openSuSE, it’s a great Linux distribution, one of the best. They have huge software repositories with just about anything you could want in them. But they have one serious drawback: you have to be real careful if you install software from any but the default repositories. If you do want to get a newer version of something, or to try some software from another repository, it’s often going to lead to dependency problems. Then there’s the problem of trying to find and install proprietary drivers or software that doesn’t fit the “100% Open Source” model, like the VLC media player. OpenSuSE has a great software search system on its web site, and you can almost surely find what you want, but it requires adding another repository that in all likelihood will cause conflicts. | About two years ago, I actually tried Ubuntu – I think it was version 10.04 or 10.10, and frankly wasn’t that impressed. It was Gnome-centric for one, and I’m a KDE user. I read about Kubuntu being a KDE spin of Ubuntu, so I gave that a try. Sorry to say, compared to openSuSE or Debian it was too slow and bloated for my taste, so it too didn’t last long on my computer. In the time between then and now, though, Ubuntu has continued to become the port of first call for anyone looking into or trying Linux. Even one of my favorite video podcasts, the Linux Action Show, has become very Ubuntu-centric, Ubuntu gaining converts of the two hosts. So, recently, I decided to use the example of one of the hosts and give the latest Ubuntu a 30-day tryout, basically force myself to use it for 30 days and see how it felt after that. About two months ago I started on this experiment, and, well, here’s what happened.** |
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| I, of course, had learned to deal with these problems years ago, and could generally work around them to get the system I wanted, but it’s still a bit annoying. And, very often when it came time for a program upgrade, I was left having to repeat the whole dependency fixing all over again. After I did this last install of 12.1, and went through all the fixes that I needed to do in order to get my computer where I wanted it, it hit me. I didn’t remember having any need to do that in Ubuntu. Even when I added and pulled software from PPAs, there weren’t any conflicts. No dependencies to hunt down, nothing that worked before and then got broken. It all just worked. | Quiconque suit les actualités concernant Linux au cours de ces dernières années n'a pas pu éviter de découvrir des choses sur Ubuntu. Les trolls diront ce qu'ils diront, mais c'est Ubuntu qui a réussi à attirer l'attention du grand public sur Linux et, de nos jours, vous ne trouverez pas beaucoup d'applications qui, du moins s'ils ont une version pour Linux, ne soient pas empaquetées pour Ubuntu. Beaucoup de fabricants d'ordinateurs, comme System76, s'ils utilisent Linux, c'est Ubuntu. Il est présent dans des écoles, des institutions, des bureaux gouvernementaux - à peu près partout. Actuellement, même Google a sa propre version d'Ubuntu pour ses employés. Qu'est-ce qui le rend si spécial ? Pourquoi une seule distribution est-elle devenue presque synonyme de Linux ? Ma curiosité s'est éveillée. |
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| That’s Ubuntu’s greatest advantage, why I believe it has gotten to be the default choice of not only new Linux users, but also many seasoned veterans. The Ubuntu packaging system is second to none. I doubt this is easy to do, but it seems to be a core duty of the packagers and those who oversee the repositories, that things are gotten right. It’s obviously why so many Ubuntu variants and spin-offs still use the Ubuntu repositories, they can count on that stability. In my opinion, it’s a major achievement what will keep Ubuntu in the forefront. Not the snazzy desktops, the coming web integration, or the constant pro and con media hype that surrounds it. It’ll be that rock-solid packaging system that will keep Ubuntu at the top. | Il y a environ deux ans, j'ai même essayé Ubuntu - je pense qu'il s'agissait de la version 10.04 ou de la 10.10 - et, pour être honnête, je n'ai pas été si favorablement impressionné que cela. D'abord, c'était centré sur Gnome et j'utilise KDE. J'ai lu un truc sur Kubuntu comme version KDE d'Ubuntu et je l'ai donc essayé. C'est dommage, mais comparé à openSuSE ou à Debian, c'était trop lent et gonflé à mon goût et il n'a donc pas fait long feu sur mon ordinateur. Depuis lors, cependant, Ubuntu continue son chemin pour devenir le premier port d'escale pour quiconque examine ou essaye Linux. Même l'un des podcasts vidéo que je préfère, le Linux Action Show, s'est centré principalement sur Ubuntu, car ce dernier a converti les deux animateurs. Ainsi, récemment, j'ai décidé de suivre l'exemple d'un des animateurs et d'essayer la version la plus récente d'Ubuntu pendant un mois ; autrement dit, je me suis obligé de l'utiliser pendant 30 jours pour pouvoir m'en faire une opinion après. Il y a environ deux mois, j'ai commencé cette expérience et voici ce qui s'est passé. |
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| When I realized this, what did I do? Installed Kubuntu. I did mention I was a KDE guy, didn’t I? What a difference from just two years ago! The latest Kubuntu (12.04.1) is as solid, fast and well-done as any KDE distro out there, and... it has those great Ubuntu repositories behind it. What more can anyone ask for? | **At first, I was quite impressed with Unity, it was different than the Gnome 2 I remembered, but more impressive to me were the speed improvements since my last foray with Ubuntu two years ago. However, after just a week of using only Unity, I started to feel that, while I’d learned my way around it and most of its way of doing things, I saw it as more eye-candy than as a better way of working. While I liked some of the lenses and the way they integrated the web into the desktop, I felt overall the HUD was too slow, took up too much screen real estate, and, in particular with the menu integration, it was just too hard to find what you’re looking for. I know it’s a work in progress, in time it will get much better and more refined, but, as it stands now, it just doesn’t work for me and the way I like to do things. But, I was going to be fair, and stuck to my plan of using it for thirty days. Then I dumped it and installed openSuSE 12.1. |
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| | Something happened, though. There was an unexpected side-effect. I’d never even given it a thought while I was experimenting with Ubuntu, but it was there nonetheless, and, when I went back to openSuSE, it suddenly dawned on me. I knew why Ubuntu and its spin-offs are always at the top of the distro heap, why they’re so popular, and why they’re achieving what so many others have failed to: it all has to do with packages.** |
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| | Au début, j'étais très impressionné par Unity, qui différait du Gnome 2 dont je me souvenais, mais plus impressionnante encore était la rapidité, bien améliorée depuis la dernière fois que j'avais essayé Ubuntu, deux ans auparavant. Cependant, après seulement une semaine d'utilisation d'Unity et rien d'autre, j'ai commencé à penser que, tandis que j'avais appris à le connaître ainsi que la plupart de ses façons de faire les choses, je le considérais davantage comme un plaisir pour les yeux que comme une meilleure manière de travailler. Alors que j'aimais bien certaines des loupes et leur façon d'intégrer le web dans le bureau, j'avais l'impression générale que le HUD (l'affichage tête haute) était trop lent, prenait trop de place sur l'écran et, pour ce qui concerne l'intégration des menus plus particulièrement, il était tout simplement trop difficile de trouver ce que vous cherchiez. Je sais bien que c'est un travail en cours et qu'il va s'améliorer et devenir plus poli, mais, tel qu'il est actuellement, il ne fonctionne pas pour moi et ma façon de faire les choses. Mais je voulais être juste et je l'ai bel et bien utilisé pendant trente jours. Ensuite, je l'ai abandonné et j'ai installé openSuSE 12.1. |
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| | Malgré tout, quelque chose s'est passé. Il y eut un effet secondaire inattendu. Je n'y avais jamais pensé pendant mes expériences avec Ubuntu, mais il existait néanmoins et, quand je suis retourné à openSuSE, je m'en suis soudain rendu compte. Je savais pourquoi Ubuntu et ses sous-produits sont toujours en haut de l'échelle des distrib., pourquoi ils sont tellement populaires et pourquoi ils sont en train d'accomplir ce à quoi beaucoup d'autres ont échoué : c'est une question de paquets. |
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| | **For those unfamiliar with openSuSE, it’s a great Linux distribution, one of the best. They have huge software repositories with just about anything you could want in them. But they have one serious drawback: you have to be real careful if you install software from any but the default repositories. If you do want to get a newer version of something, or to try some software from another repository, it’s often going to lead to dependency problems. Then there’s the problem of trying to find and install proprietary drivers or software that doesn’t fit the “100% Open Source” model, like the VLC media player. OpenSuSE has a great software search system on its web site, and you can almost surely find what you want, but it requires adding another repository that in all likelihood will cause conflicts. |
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| | I, of course, had learned to deal with these problems years ago, and could generally work around them to get the system I wanted, but it’s still a bit annoying. And, very often when it came time for a program upgrade, I was left having to repeat the whole dependency fixing all over again. After I did this last install of 12.1, and went through all the fixes that I needed to do in order to get my computer where I wanted it, it hit me. I didn’t remember having any need to do that in Ubuntu. Even when I added and pulled software from PPAs, there weren’t any conflicts. No dependencies to hunt down, nothing that worked before and then got broken. It all just worked.** |
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| | Pour ceux qui ne connaissent pas openSuSE, c'est une distribution Linux géniale, l'une des meilleures. Ses dépôts de logiciels sont immenses et contiennent à peu près tout ce que vous pourriez souhaiter. mais ils ont un gros inconvénient : il faut faire très attention si vous installez un logiciel ne venant pas des dépôts par défaut. S'il vous arrive de vouloir une version plus récente de quelque chose ou d'essayer un logiciel d'un autre dépôt, cela peut engendrer des problèmes de dépendances. Et puis il y a le problème des pilotes propriétaires ou des logiciels qui ne correspondent pas au modèle « 100 % Open Source », comme le lecteur de média VLX : les trouver et les installer est difficile. Sur le site d'OpenSuSE il y a un système de recherche de logiciels génial et vous pouvez être quasi certain de trouver ce que vous cherchez, mais il faut ajouter un autre dépôt qui causera sans doute des conflits. |
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| | Bien entendu, j'avais appris à gérer ces problèmes il y a des années et, en règle générale, j'arrivais à les contourner pour obtenir le système que je voulais, mais n'empêche que c'est toujours un peu agaçant. Et, très souvent, quand il fallait faire une mise à niveau de programme, je devais réparer toutes les dépendances encore une fois. Après avoir fait ma dernière installation de la 12.1 accompagnée de toutes les réparations qu'il fallait faire pour paramétrer mon ordinateur comme je le voulais, j'ai compris. Je ne me souvenais pas d'avoir eu à faire tout cela sous Ubuntu. Même quand j'ajoutais des PPA et y téléchargeais des logiciels, il n'y avait pas de conflits. Pas de chasse aux dépendances, rien qui avait marché, mais qui ne marchait plus. Le tout fonctionnait, tout simplement. |
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| | **That’s Ubuntu’s greatest advantage, why I believe it has gotten to be the default choice of not only new Linux users, but also many seasoned veterans. The Ubuntu packaging system is second to none. I doubt this is easy to do, but it seems to be a core duty of the packagers and those who oversee the repositories, that things are gotten right. It’s obviously why so many Ubuntu variants and spin-offs still use the Ubuntu repositories, they can count on that stability. In my opinion, it’s a major achievement what will keep Ubuntu in the forefront. Not the snazzy desktops, the coming web integration, or the constant pro and con media hype that surrounds it. It’ll be that rock-solid packaging system that will keep Ubuntu at the top. |
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| | When I realized this, what did I do? Installed Kubuntu. I did mention I was a KDE guy, didn’t I? What a difference from just two years ago! The latest Kubuntu (12.04.1) is as solid, fast and well-done as any KDE distro out there, and... it has those great Ubuntu repositories behind it. What more can anyone ask for? ** |
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| | C'est cela le plus gros avantage d'Ubuntu et, selon moi, cela explique pourquoi c'est devenu le choix par défaut non seulement des nouveaux utilisateurs de Linux, mais aussi de pas mal de vétérans expérimentés. Le système d'empaquetage d'Ubuntu est sans égal. Je soupçonne qu'il n'est pas facile à faire, mais il semblerait être une tâche essentielle pour les créateurs de paquets et ceux qui supervisent les dépôts, de s'assurer que les choses sont faites comme il faut. C'est la raison évidente pour laquelle tant de variétés et branches d'Ubuntu continuent à utiliser les dépôts d'Ubuntu : ils peuvent tabler sur cette stabilité. À mon avis, c'est un accomplissement majeur qui maintiendra Ubuntu au premier plan. Et non pas les bureaux tape-à-l'œil, ni l'intégration web qui arrive, ni le matraquage constant - favorable et défavorable - des média. Ce sera ce système d'empaquetage, solide comme un roc, qui maintiendra Ubuntu en haut du classement. |
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| | Quand je m'en suis rendu compte, qu'est-ce que j'ai fait ? J'ai installé Kubuntu. Je vous ai dit que je suis fan de KDE, non ? Quelle différence entre ne serait-ce qu'il y a deux ans ! La version de Kubuntu la plus récente (la 12.04.1) est aussi solide, rapide et bien faite que n'importe quelle distrib. KDE qui existe ET... derrière, il y a les excellents dépôts Ubuntu. Que demander de plus ? |
