issue81:labo_linux_-_1
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issue81:labo_linux_-_1 [2014/05/24 11:35] – [2] auntiee | issue81:labo_linux_-_1 [2014/05/29 14:45] (Version actuelle) – andre_domenech | ||
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When I created my original RAID 10 array, I used 4 hard drives (each a 250GB SATA hard drive). The total array size was 500GB since 2 drives are striped together (500GB), and they got mirrored to the other 2 drives. For this article, I’m using screen shots from a RAID 10 array I created using Virtual Box.** | When I created my original RAID 10 array, I used 4 hard drives (each a 250GB SATA hard drive). The total array size was 500GB since 2 drives are striped together (500GB), and they got mirrored to the other 2 drives. For this article, I’m using screen shots from a RAID 10 array I created using Virtual Box.** | ||
- | Lorsqu' | + | Lorsqu' |
- | Comme vous pourrez le constater, j'ai réussi à créer la matrice RAID 10 (avec mise en miroir et agrégation par bandes) dont j' | + | Comme vous pourrez le constater, j'ai réussi à créer la matrice RAID 10 (avec mise en miroir et agrégation par bandes) dont j' |
Au départ, quand j'ai créé la matrice RAID 10, j'ai utilisé quatre disques durs (des disques SATA de 250 Go). La taille totale de la matrice était de 500 Go, puisque deux des disques sont agrégés par bandes (500 Go) et je les ai mis en miroir vers les deux autres disques. Pour cet article, j' | Au départ, quand j'ai créé la matrice RAID 10, j'ai utilisé quatre disques durs (des disques SATA de 250 Go). La taille totale de la matrice était de 500 Go, puisque deux des disques sont agrégés par bandes (500 Go) et je les ai mis en miroir vers les deux autres disques. Pour cet article, j' | ||
===== 2 ===== | ===== 2 ===== | ||
- | When I started to set up the array, I was stuck because I kept booting Live CDs and starting a graphical install. The problem with graphical installs is that they don’t seem to have a RAID option. Even after I installed mdadm and other RAID tools, no RAID options appeared the the graphical drive configuration screen. Both the text and graphical installers let you choose to manually partition your hard drive(s), but the text installer has extra tools so you can easily set up RAID arrays. | + | **When I started to set up the array, I was stuck because I kept booting Live CDs and starting a graphical install. The problem with graphical installs is that they don’t seem to have a RAID option. Even after I installed mdadm and other RAID tools, no RAID options appeared the the graphical drive configuration screen. Both the text and graphical installers let you choose to manually partition your hard drive(s), but the text installer has extra tools so you can easily set up RAID arrays. |
Once you get to the hard drive configuration stage, be sure to choose Manual install instead of Guided - use entire disk. | Once you get to the hard drive configuration stage, be sure to choose Manual install instead of Guided - use entire disk. | ||
Ligne 21: | Ligne 21: | ||
Because all of the drives are fresh without any previous installation, | Because all of the drives are fresh without any previous installation, | ||
Once you select a drive you’ll be prompted to Create a new empty partition table on the device? Choose Yes. | Once you select a drive you’ll be prompted to Create a new empty partition table on the device? Choose Yes. | ||
- | Note that you will have to repeat this process for each drive in the array if it has never been initialized before. At this point, I set up a swap partition on each of the 4 drives (this may be part of the reason my array ultimately failed when I removed a drive). | + | Note that you will have to repeat this process for each drive in the array if it has never been initialized before. At this point, I set up a swap partition on each of the 4 drives (this may be part of the reason my array ultimately failed when I removed a drive).** |
- | Quand j'ai commencé à configurer la matrice, j' | + | Quand j'ai commencé à configurer la matrice, j' |
- | Une fois arrivée | + | Une fois arrivé |
- | Étant donné que tous les disques sont nouveaux, sans installation | + | Étant donné que tous les disques sont nouveaux, sans avoir été installés |
- | Une fois un disque sélectionné, | + | Une fois un disque sélectionné, |
Notez qu'il vous faudra répéter le processus pour chaque disque dans la matrice, s'il n'a jamais été initialisé avant. À ce stade je crée une partition swap sur chacun des quatre disques (cela pourrait expliquer en partie pourquoi la matrice a finalement échoué lorsque j'en ai retiré un disque). | Notez qu'il vous faudra répéter le processus pour chaque disque dans la matrice, s'il n'a jamais été initialisé avant. À ce stade je crée une partition swap sur chacun des quatre disques (cela pourrait expliquer en partie pourquoi la matrice a finalement échoué lorsque j'en ai retiré un disque). | ||
===== 3 ===== | ===== 3 ===== | ||
- | On the remaining space for each drive, I created a physical volume for RAID partition. To do this, select the FREE SPACE partition, then choose Create a new partition. Select Continue if you’re satisfied with the size. For the Type of partition, be sure to use Primary partition for the partition you’re going to use as RAID. On the screen where it asks Use as, the default is Ext4 journaling file system; change this to physical volume for RAID. | + | **On the remaining space for each drive, I created a physical volume for RAID partition. To do this, select the FREE SPACE partition, then choose Create a new partition. Select Continue if you’re satisfied with the size. For the Type of partition, be sure to use Primary partition for the partition you’re going to use as RAID. On the screen where it asks Use as, the default is Ext4 journaling file system; change this to physical volume for RAID. |
When all drives are set up navigate to the Configure Software RAID option just under Guided partitioning. | When all drives are set up navigate to the Configure Software RAID option just under Guided partitioning. | ||
Ligne 39: | Ligne 39: | ||
The next step is to Create a MD device (multiple device). As I understand it, if you already have Linux installed and configured on a system you can use mdadm to do the same steps from here on. | The next step is to Create a MD device (multiple device). As I understand it, if you already have Linux installed and configured on a system you can use mdadm to do the same steps from here on. | ||
- | Finally we’re given a choice of the type of RAID we want. In a 4 drive configuration I had the choice of RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, or 10. I chose RAID 10. | + | Finally we’re given a choice of the type of RAID we want. In a 4 drive configuration I had the choice of RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, or 10. I chose RAID 10.** |
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+ | Sur l' | ||
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+ | Quand tous les disques sont paramétrés, | ||
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+ | La prochaine étape est de « Create a MD device » (créer un dispositif multiple). Tel que je le comprends, si Linux est déjà installé et configuré sur un système, vous pouvez utiliser mdadm pour faire ce qui suit. | ||
+ | Enfin, nous avons le choix du type de RAID que nous souhaitons. Avec mes 4 disques, j' | ||
===== 4 ===== | ===== 4 ===== | ||
- | The next step is another point where I got really confused because, as I understand RAID 10, I should have had 500GB (2 x 250GB) in my original configuration but when I chose to use 2 drives as active and 2 drives as spare, I had only 250GB available. I was thinking the 2 spares might be the mirrors in the array which appears to be an incorrect assumption. I ended up choosing all 4 drives as active, and 0 as spares, to make the 500GB RAID partition available. | + | **The next step is another point where I got really confused because, as I understand RAID 10, I should have had 500GB (2 x 250GB) in my original configuration but when I chose to use 2 drives as active and 2 drives as spare, I had only 250GB available. I was thinking the 2 spares might be the mirrors in the array which appears to be an incorrect assumption. I ended up choosing all 4 drives as active, and 0 as spares, to make the 500GB RAID partition available. |
(Thanks to Mion and koala_man from the #linux channel on the freenode IRC network for confirming that setting 4 drives as active and 0 as spares was the right choice.) | (Thanks to Mion and koala_man from the #linux channel on the freenode IRC network for confirming that setting 4 drives as active and 0 as spares was the right choice.) | ||
Select Continue when you’re done selecting the active partitions. Note: in my screenshot, I have both swap and RAID partitions. | Select Continue when you’re done selecting the active partitions. Note: in my screenshot, I have both swap and RAID partitions. | ||
- | At this point, the next menu that appears is the ‘Create a MD device’ menu we were at earlier. Select Finish to move on from the ‘Create a MD device’ menu. You’ll see the ‘starting up the partitioner’ screen as Kubuntu tries to figure out our newly created MD RAID device. | + | At this point, the next menu that appears is the ‘Create a MD device’ menu we were at earlier. Select Finish to move on from the ‘Create a MD device’ menu. You’ll see the ‘starting up the partitioner’ screen as Kubuntu tries to figure out our newly created MD RAID device.** |
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+ | L' | ||
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+ | (Un grand merci à Mion et à koala_man du canal #linux sur le réseau IRC freenode pour avoir confirmé que paramétrer les 4 disques comme actifs avec 0 en réserve, était le bon choix.) | ||
+ | Sélectionnez Continue quand vous avez fini de choisir les partitions actives. Remarque : dans la capture d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | À ce stade, le prochain menu qui s' | ||
===== 5 ===== | ===== 5 ===== | ||
- | Now the partition disks menu shows a RAID 10 device. In my virtual machine example’ that device is 8.7GB (which makes sense since 2 x 4.367GB = 8.734GB). We have 2 striped drives while the other 2 mirror the striped array. | + | **Now the partition disks menu shows a RAID 10 device. In my virtual machine example’ that device is 8.7GB (which makes sense since 2 x 4.367GB = 8.734GB). We have 2 striped drives while the other 2 mirror the striped array. |
We’re now editing partition #1 of RAID10 device 0. By default the partition is set as Use as: do not use, change this to the Ext4 journaling file system and set the mount point to / - the root file system then select Done setting up the partition. | We’re now editing partition #1 of RAID10 device 0. By default the partition is set as Use as: do not use, change this to the Ext4 journaling file system and set the mount point to / - the root file system then select Done setting up the partition. | ||
- | We’re almost done setting up the RAID10 array. On the next screen select ‘Finish partitioning and write changes to disk’. We have one last chance to make changes before everything gets written to disk. Once you Write the changes to disk, your partitioning is done and your regular Linux install continues. | + | We’re almost done setting up the RAID10 array. On the next screen select ‘Finish partitioning and write changes to disk’. We have one last chance to make changes before everything gets written to disk. Once you Write the changes to disk, your partitioning is done and your regular Linux install continues. |
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+ | Maintenant le menu du partitionnement des disques affiche un dispositif RAID 10. Dans l' | ||
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+ | Nous allons maintenant éditer la partition n° 1 du dispositif RAID10 0. Par défaut, la partition est réglée à « Use as : do not use » (Utiliser comme : ne pas utiliser) ; remplacez cela par système de fichiers Ext4 à journalisation et mettre le point de montage à /, le système de fichier root, puis sélectionnez « Done setting up the partition » (j'ai terminé la configuration de la partition). | ||
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+ | On a presque fini le paramétrage de la matrice RAID10. Au prochain écran choisissez « Finish partitioning and write changes to disk » (terminer le partitionnement et écrire les modifications sur le disque). Nous avons une toute dernière chance de faire des changements avant que tout ne soit enregistré. Une fois que les modifications sont écrites sur le disque, vous en avez terminé avec les partitions et l' | ||
===== 6 ===== | ===== 6 ===== | ||
- | I was excited to see Kubuntu boot up after setting up the RAID10 array for the first time. Then I removed a physical drive and the following message appeared: | + | **I was excited to see Kubuntu boot up after setting up the RAID10 array for the first time. Then I removed a physical drive and the following message appeared: |
- | ** WARNING: There appears to be one or more degraded RAID devices | + | ** WARNING: There appears to be one or more degraded RAID devices ** … Do you wish to start the degraded RAID? |
I had about enough time to snap a picture of the screen before it seemed to automatically choose and fail on me. At that point, I shut down the machine and added the drive back that I just took out, sadly all I got was a grub prompt. | I had about enough time to snap a picture of the screen before it seemed to automatically choose and fail on me. At that point, I shut down the machine and added the drive back that I just took out, sadly all I got was a grub prompt. | ||
- | It looks like I had the chance to perhaps fix the array at the degraded screen, but it passed by without a response from me, so I never had the chance to choose to fix the array. I mentioned earlier that I’m not experienced with RAID (but having access to drives affords this experience). So I’m calling on experts out there to help this article along for next month. Can this be fixed from the grub prompt? | + | It looks like I had the chance to perhaps fix the array at the degraded screen, but it passed by without a response from me, so I never had the chance to choose to fix the array. I mentioned earlier that I’m not experienced with RAID (but having access to drives affords this experience). So I’m calling on experts out there to help this article along for next month. Can this be fixed from the grub prompt?** |
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+ | Après avoir paramétré la matrice RAID10 pour la première fois, j' | ||
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+ | **AVERTISSEMENT : Il y a sans doute un ou plusieurs dispositifs RAID dégradés**... Voulez-vous démarrer le RAID en mode dégradé ? | ||
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+ | J' | ||
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+ | J' |
issue81/labo_linux_-_1.1400924151.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2014/05/24 11:35 de auntiee