issue152:certifie_linux
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Prochaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue152:certifie_linux [2019/12/30 08:51] – créée d52fr | issue152:certifie_linux [2020/01/11 17:05] (Version actuelle) – andre_domenech | ||
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- | Before we start , here is a new link to test yourself: http:// | + | **Before we start , here is a new link to test yourself: http:// |
Where we are: https:// | Where we are: https:// | ||
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Welcome back learners, and a nod to those “just interested”. | Welcome back learners, and a nod to those “just interested”. | ||
- | Some distributions make it easier than others to compile a kernel, some not so much. What you need to know is the gist of the thing, meaning almost a generalization. LPIC does not cover a specific distribution, | + | Some distributions make it easier than others to compile a kernel, some not so much. What you need to know is the gist of the thing, meaning almost a generalization. LPIC does not cover a specific distribution, |
- | Configuring a kernel takes a lot of reading. Do not attempt if you are not prepared to read a lot of recipes and directions. Information is everywhere, so you need to pay attention. | + | Avant de commencer, voici un nouveau lien pour tester vos connaissances : http:// |
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+ | Où nous en sommes : https:// | ||
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+ | Re-bonjour, les apprentis ; signe de la tête aux « juste intéressés ». | ||
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+ | Certaines distributions rendent plus facile la compilation d'un noyau que d' | ||
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+ | **Configuring a kernel takes a lot of reading. Do not attempt if you are not prepared to read a lot of recipes and directions. Information is everywhere, so you need to pay attention. | ||
make menuconfig | make menuconfig | ||
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make gconfig (GTK) | make gconfig (GTK) | ||
- | Tip: copy your .config-files to a USB thumbdrive before you change anything. | + | Tip: copy your .config-files to a USB thumbdrive before you change anything. |
+ | La configuration d'un noyau nécessite beaucoup de lecture. Il ne faut pas essayer de le faire si vous ne voulez pas lire beaucoup de recettes et d' | ||
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+ | make menuconfig | ||
+ | (cela nécessite ncurses) ou : | ||
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+ | make xconfig (QT) | ||
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+ | ou : | ||
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+ | make gconfig (GTK) | ||
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+ | Astuce : copiez les fichiers .config (.config-files) sur une clé USB avant de changer quoi que ce soit. Cela est particulièrement vrai quand vous travaillez avec un noyau de la même version que votre noyau actuel. Des erreurs seront commises et les accidents sont inévitables (si vous n'avez pas une copie sur une machine virtuelle !). | ||
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+ | ** | ||
‘Excluded’ is the most confusing. Excluded means it is not loaded in this kernel. This does not mean you cannot load it via a module after the fact. So be aware of this when you fire up: make menuconfig. The rest are self explanatory. | ‘Excluded’ is the most confusing. Excluded means it is not loaded in this kernel. This does not mean you cannot load it via a module after the fact. So be aware of this when you fire up: make menuconfig. The rest are self explanatory. | ||
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When you hit save in make menuconfig, it overwrites your .config files! | When you hit save in make menuconfig, it overwrites your .config files! | ||
- | It is a good idea to do compilation in a safe spot. What I mean by this is that the power must be stable; if not, use a UPS. Also keep children away, and make sure you can’t trip over the power cable. Usually one compiles a kernel for systems with low resources to speed them up. The downside is that the lower the resources, the longer it takes to compile. The last time I did this was installing Gentoo on a PII Gateway machine. It took three days to install. | + | It is a good idea to do compilation in a safe spot. What I mean by this is that the power must be stable; if not, use a UPS. Also keep children away, and make sure you can’t trip over the power cable. Usually one compiles a kernel for systems with low resources to speed them up. The downside is that the lower the resources, the longer it takes to compile. The last time I did this was installing Gentoo on a PII Gateway machine. It took three days to install.** |
- | Let’s look at our first target: make bzImage | + | « Excluded » est le plus déconcertant. |
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+ | Astuce : quand vous faites des exercices, faites-les dans une VM dont vous avez déjà une copie. | ||
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+ | Quand vous appuyez sur Enregistrer dans make menuconfig, il écrase vos fichiers .config ! | ||
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+ | C'est une bonne idée de faire une compilation dans un emplacement sûr. Je veux dire que l' | ||
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+ | **Let’s look at our first target: make bzImage | ||
This will make the base. When you run the command, go make some tea and sandwiches; it may take a while. This is where leveraging the power of virtual machines comes in. If you want to do it again, you need to wait for it to complete, but with a bunch of VM’s you can do it a few times in a row to get the hang of things. Change it up, remove the parallel port in one and the floppy in another. Go wild, see what it takes to break it. Breaking and fixing something is a great way to learn. | This will make the base. When you run the command, go make some tea and sandwiches; it may take a while. This is where leveraging the power of virtual machines comes in. If you want to do it again, you need to wait for it to complete, but with a bunch of VM’s you can do it a few times in a row to get the hang of things. Change it up, remove the parallel port in one and the floppy in another. Go wild, see what it takes to break it. Breaking and fixing something is a great way to learn. | ||
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Our next target: make modules_install | Our next target: make modules_install | ||
- | This is what we need to map our modules we just made. If you were watching the previous make commands run, you may have noticed that they make files like “parport.o”. Those output files now need to be sorted and polished and whatever else is needed for the modules to install. You don’t need to know any of this in-depth. | + | This is what we need to map our modules we just made. If you were watching the previous make commands run, you may have noticed that they make files like “parport.o”. Those output files now need to be sorted and polished and whatever else is needed for the modules to install. You don’t need to know any of this in-depth.** |
- | Don your hard hat and let’s move the bzImage. For the exam, be aware which trees use gzip and which use bzip. When you move your bzImage to your boot folder, you can rename it to vmlinuz< | + | Examinons notre première cible : make bzImage |
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+ | Cela construira la base. Quand vous lancez la commande, allez faire du thé et quelques sandwichs ; ça peut prendre du temps. C'est ici qu' | ||
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+ | La cible suivante : make modules | ||
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+ | Maintenant que l' | ||
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+ | La cible suivante : make modules_install | ||
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+ | C'est cela que nous utilisons pour mapper les modules que nous venons de faire. Si vous regardiez les commandes make précédentes tourner, vous aurez peut-être remarqué qu' | ||
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+ | **Don your hard hat and let’s move the bzImage. For the exam, be aware which trees use gzip and which use bzip. When you move your bzImage to your boot folder, you can rename it to vmlinuz< | ||
So now we have a recipe and we understand the flow. If you are doing this in a flavour of Ubuntu or Red Hat, make sure you read that documentation to understand all the quirks. You can still find a copy of CentOS5 and Debian5 to play with. | So now we have a recipe and we understand the flow. If you are doing this in a flavour of Ubuntu or Red Hat, make sure you read that documentation to understand all the quirks. You can still find a copy of CentOS5 and Debian5 to play with. | ||
- | If you would like to jump ahead, or test your skills at an LPI exam, do a test paper here: https:// | + | If you would like to jump ahead, or test your skills at an LPI exam, do a test paper here: https:// |
+ | Mettez votre casque protecteur et déplaçons bzImage. Pour l' | ||
+ | Okay. Nous avons maintenant une recette et nous comprenons le flux. Si vous faites ceci dans une saveur d' | ||
+ | Si vous aimeriez prendre de l' | ||
+ | ** | ||
* The new exam number is 201-400, and 117-201 was the old one. | * The new exam number is 201-400, and 117-201 was the old one. | ||
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*DO NOT learn these questions parrot fashion, as they are probably not real exam questions. | *DO NOT learn these questions parrot fashion, as they are probably not real exam questions. | ||
- | Let us know how you did; good or bad – it does not matter. Good means you are ready to write and confident in your skills. | + | Let us know how you did; good or bad – it does not matter. Good means you are ready to write and confident in your skills. |
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+ | * Le numéro du nouvel examen est 201-400 et 117-201 était l' | ||
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+ | * Le site nécessite une inscription, | ||
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+ | * N' | ||
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+ | Faites-nous savoir votre résultat - bon ou mauvais, ça n'a pas d' | ||
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issue152/certifie_linux.1577692278.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2019/12/30 08:51 de d52fr