issue185:critique2
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Prochaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue185:critique2 [2022/10/02 15:22] – créée auntiee | issue185:critique2 [2022/10/04 08:18] (Version actuelle) – d52fr | ||
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- | + | **Note: Due to the respectful and reverential tone used in Full Circle, almost no Get Smart jokes will be made. | |
- | Note: Due to the respectful and reverential tone used in Full Circle, almost no Get Smart jokes will be made. | + | |
Continuing our series about Linux distributions that are not from the Debian and Ubuntu family, this month we look at KaOS, an independent Linux distribution with some interesting goals that set it apart from most other current distributions. It aims to use one toolkit, one desktop, and one hardware architecture, | Continuing our series about Linux distributions that are not from the Debian and Ubuntu family, this month we look at KaOS, an independent Linux distribution with some interesting goals that set it apart from most other current distributions. It aims to use one toolkit, one desktop, and one hardware architecture, | ||
- | The toolkit is Qt, the desktop is KDE, and the architecture is x86_64, which means it will run on Intel and AMD processor-powered 64-bit computers. This sharply focused set of aims, plus nine years as a rolling release, means that you would expect a distribution that is highly refined and it truly is. | + | The toolkit is Qt, the desktop is KDE, and the architecture is x86_64, which means it will run on Intel and AMD processor-powered 64-bit computers. This sharply focused set of aims, plus nine years as a rolling release, means that you would expect a distribution that is highly refined and it truly is.** |
- | Background | + | N.B. À cause du ton respectueux et révérencieux du magazine, je ne ferai presque aucune plaisanterie à la Max la Menace. |
+ | |||
+ | Notre série sur les distributions Linux qui ne font pas partie de la famille de Debian et Ubuntu, continue ce mois-ci avec l’examen de KaOS, une distribution Linux indépendante avec quelques objectifs intéressants qui la distinguent de la plupart des autres distributions actuelles. Son but est d’utiliser une seule boîte à outils, un seul bureau et une seule architecture matérielle, | ||
+ | |||
+ | La boîte à outils est Qt, le bureau est KDE et l’architecture est x86_64, ce qui signifie qu’elle tournera sur des ordinateurs 64-bit avec un processeur Intel ou AMD. Cet ensemble d’objectifs, | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Background | ||
KaOS was started in 2013 and was initially called KdeOS for “KDE Operating System”. The name caused some confusion with the KDE desktop itself and potential copyright issues, too, so in September 2013, the name was changed to KaOS. | KaOS was started in 2013 and was initially called KdeOS for “KDE Operating System”. The name caused some confusion with the KDE desktop itself and potential copyright issues, too, so in September 2013, the name was changed to KaOS. | ||
- | Because KaOS is a rolling release, there are no specific point releases. Instead, users get regular updates including application updates and, every four to six weeks, a new download version is posted for newcomers to use for installation. Each posted ISO file just incorporates the updates to that point in time, thus reducing the updates needed after installation. Once you have KaOS installed, the regular update process will keep it up-to-date, and there is no need to install a new version, ever. | + | Because KaOS is a rolling release, there are no specific point releases. Instead, users get regular updates including application updates and, every four to six weeks, a new download version is posted for newcomers to use for installation. Each posted ISO file just incorporates the updates to that point in time, thus reducing the updates needed after installation. Once you have KaOS installed, the regular update process will keep it up-to-date, and there is no need to install a new version, ever.** |
+ | |||
+ | Contexte | ||
+ | |||
+ | KaOS a démarré en 2013 et a été initialement appelée KdeOS pour « KDE Operating System ». Le nom a engendré un peu de confusion à propos du bureau KDE lui-même, ainsi que des problèmes potentiels de droits d’auteur, et, en septembre 2013, le nom est devenu KaOS. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Puisque KaOS est une distribution à mise à jour en continu, il n’y a pas de versions ponctuelles spécifiques. À la place, les utilisateurs reçoivent des mises à jour régulières, | ||
- | While the rolling release concept does make managing your installation easy, it has the potential downside that as the software gets updated, particularly the kernel, old hardware may fall out of support and the operating system may stop working. | + | **While the rolling release concept does make managing your installation easy, it has the potential downside that as the software gets updated, particularly the kernel, old hardware may fall out of support and the operating system may stop working. |
KaOS is a Linux distribution, | KaOS is a Linux distribution, | ||
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Being an independent distribution, | Being an independent distribution, | ||
- | Despite the focus on applications that use the Qt toolkit, the KaOS developers admit that there are some GTK toolkit-based applications for which there is no Qt equivalent, like the Inkscape vector graphics editor. Also, while there are a few Qt-based web browsers, they tend to be lacking in features compared to their GTK cousins, and so downloads for those are provided in the repository. | + | Despite the focus on applications that use the Qt toolkit, the KaOS developers admit that there are some GTK toolkit-based applications for which there is no Qt equivalent, like the Inkscape vector graphics editor. Also, while there are a few Qt-based web browsers, they tend to be lacking in features compared to their GTK cousins, and so downloads for those are provided in the repository.** |
- | The official website provides good documentation, | + | Bien que le concept d’une mise à jour en continu rende la gestion de votre installation plus facile, il a un inconvénient potentiel : au fur et à mesure de la mise à jour des logiciels, et en particulier du noyau, le matériel moins récent peut ne plus être pris en charge et le système d’exploitation peut s’arrêter de fonctionner. |
+ | |||
+ | KaOS est une distribution Linux et le noyau qui la fait tourner est Linux, bien entendu, mais les développeurs envisagent peut-être de changer un jour pour le noyau Unix Illumos. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Étant une distribution indépendante, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Malgré le fait que l’accent soit mis sur des applications qui se servent de la boîte à outils Qt, les développeurs de KaOS avouent qu’il y a quelques applications pour lesquelles il n’y a pas d’équivalent Qt, qui sont basées sur la boîte à outils GTK, comme Inkscape, l’éditeur de graphiques vectoriels. De plus, alors que quelques navigateurs Web basés sur Qt existent, ils n’ont souvent pas toutes les fonctionnalités de leurs cousins GTK. Ainsi le téléchargement de ceux-là est prévu dans le dépôt. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **The official website provides good documentation, | ||
Getting KaOS | Getting KaOS | ||
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I got the KaOS-2022.02-x86_64.iso file, which is the February 2022 update, from the SourceForge mirror. The download is a fairly hefty 2.8 GB in size, so you expect it will come with lots of applications and features and it actually does. | I got the KaOS-2022.02-x86_64.iso file, which is the February 2022 update, from the SourceForge mirror. The download is a fairly hefty 2.8 GB in size, so you expect it will come with lots of applications and features and it actually does. | ||
- | An SHA 256 sum is provided and it is always a good idea to run the test to make sure you have an uncorrupted ISO file to work with. | + | An SHA 256 sum is provided and it is always a good idea to run the test to make sure you have an uncorrupted ISO file to work with.** |
- | Installing | + | Le site Web officiel fournit une bonne documentation, |
+ | |||
+ | Obtenir KaOS | ||
+ | |||
+ | L’avantage du concept d’une architecture – un bureau, une boîte à outils – est que KaOS ne propose qu’un téléchargement. Ainsi, il est facile de décider quelle version à télécharger. La page de téléchargement du site Web vous indique de nombreux miroirs qui hébergent un seul fichier ISO, dont tous utilisent le https pour les téléchargements, | ||
+ | |||
+ | J’ai obtenu le fichier KaOS-2022.02-x86_64.iso, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Une somme SHA 256 est fournie et c’est toujours une bonne idée d’exécuter le test pour vous assurer que vous allez pouvoir travailler avec un fichier ISO sans problèmes. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Installing | ||
I used Ventoy 1.0.72 to put the ISO file onto a USB stick for booting. With a Ventoy-enabled stick, you just have to copy and paste the ISO file to the stick using your file browser. There is no unpacking or installation process, as Ventoy handles everything seamlessly on boot-up. I tested out KaOS over a series of live sessions. | I used Ventoy 1.0.72 to put the ISO file onto a USB stick for booting. With a Ventoy-enabled stick, you just have to copy and paste the ISO file to the stick using your file browser. There is no unpacking or installation process, as Ventoy handles everything seamlessly on boot-up. I tested out KaOS over a series of live sessions. | ||
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Despite having reasonably good documentation on its website, KaOS has no specified minimum hardware, probably because, in a rolling release over its nine-year history, system requirements are a moving target. | Despite having reasonably good documentation on its website, KaOS has no specified minimum hardware, probably because, in a rolling release over its nine-year history, system requirements are a moving target. | ||
- | I tried KaOS out on a nine year-old desktop PC with a dual-core Intel Core i3-21203.30 GHz processor and 6 GB of RAM and I can report that it ran well. | + | I tried KaOS out on a nine year-old desktop PC with a dual-core Intel Core i3-21203.30 GHz processor and 6 GB of RAM and I can report that it ran well.** |
+ | |||
+ | Installation | ||
+ | |||
+ | J’ai utilisé Ventoy 1.0.72 pour mettre le fichier ISO sur une clé USB amorçable. Avec une clé sur laquelle Ventoy est activée, il vous suffit de faire un copier/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le site Web de KaOS indique que ni Unetbootin, ni le graveur d’ISO Rufus pour Windows, ne fonctionnera avec KaOS, mais je peux affirmer que Ventoy fonctionne parfaitement. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Exigences système | ||
+ | |||
+ | Malgré la plutôt bonne documentation sur son site Web, KaOS ne spécifie aucun matériel, sans doute parce que, dans une version à mise à jour en continu le long de sa carrière de neuf ans, les exigences système changent sans cesse. | ||
+ | |||
+ | J’ai essayé KaOS sur un ordinateur de bureau de neuf ans, qui a un processeur Intel Core i3-2120 à 3,30 GHz et 6 Go de RAM et je peux affirmer qu’elle fonctionnait sans problèmes. | ||
- | Trying out KaOS | + | **Trying out KaOS |
On first boot-up KaOS presents a very clean-looking KDE desktop, with the task manager bar unusually located on the right side of the screen, putting the menu button at the top. The default wallpaper is an abstract, gray, geometric design. The initial impression is clean simplicity. | On first boot-up KaOS presents a very clean-looking KDE desktop, with the task manager bar unusually located on the right side of the screen, putting the menu button at the top. The default wallpaper is an abstract, gray, geometric design. The initial impression is clean simplicity. | ||
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The version of KaOS I got was about six weeks old at the time of my download and there was already over 1 GB of updates available for installation. Rolling releases do tend to have lots of updates as new application versions become available. | The version of KaOS I got was about six weeks old at the time of my download and there was already over 1 GB of updates available for installation. Rolling releases do tend to have lots of updates as new application versions become available. | ||
- | Because it is basically an unmodified KDE desktop, the usual method of launching applications is from the main menu, which works well. There, applications can be searched and selected from categorized sub-menus or from the “all applications” sub-menu. It is flexible and unobtrusive. Some icons have also been put on the taskbar, including for the web and file browsers, for quick access. | + | Because it is basically an unmodified KDE desktop, the usual method of launching applications is from the main menu, which works well. There, applications can be searched and selected from categorized sub-menus or from the “all applications” sub-menu. It is flexible and unobtrusive. Some icons have also been put on the taskbar, including for the web and file browsers, for quick access.** |
- | This KaOS version came with KDE Plasma 5.24, Linux kernel 5.14.21, and uses an implementation of the Wayland protocol display server by default. The initialization system is systemd 250.3, and the command-line package manager is Pacman. | + | Tester |
- | KaOS does not use the very latest stable Linux kernel, but intentionally lags for at least six weeks until the next major update. As the developers explain, “the kernel is about the biggest cause for breakage in a rolling distribution, that is why this policy.” | + | Au premier démarrage, |
- | Settings | + | La version de KaOS que j’ai obtenue avait environ six semaines d’âge lors du téléchargement et il y avait déjà plus de 1 Go de mises à jour disponibles. Les distributions à mise à jour en continu ont souvent beaucoup de mises à jour au fur et à mesure que des nouvelles versions des applications sortent. |
+ | |||
+ | Parce qu’il s’agit, à la base, d’un bureau KDE sans modification, | ||
+ | |||
+ | **This KaOS version came with KDE Plasma 5.24, Linux kernel 5.14.21, and uses an implementation of the Wayland protocol display server by default. The initialization system is systemd 250.3, and the command-line package manager is Pacman. | ||
+ | |||
+ | KaOS does not use the very latest stable Linux kernel, but intentionally lags for at least six weeks until the next major update. As the developers explain, “the kernel is about the biggest cause for breakage in a rolling distribution, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Cette version de KaOS a été livrée avec KDE Plasma 5.24 et le noyau Linux 5.14.21 ; pour le serveur d’affichage, | ||
+ | |||
+ | KaOS n' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Settings | ||
Because KaOS uses the KDE desktop, it has a huge array of user choices for customization including two themes (light and dark), and five global themes, with Midna as the default plus Breeze, Breeze Dark, Breeze Twilight, and MidnaDark. There are also seven Plasma styles, 40 window border color choices, six window decoration schemes, five icon themes, two different cursor schemes, three different boot-up splash screens, and 48 really tasteful wallpapers. I think this helps explain why it is a 2.8 GB download! | Because KaOS uses the KDE desktop, it has a huge array of user choices for customization including two themes (light and dark), and five global themes, with Midna as the default plus Breeze, Breeze Dark, Breeze Twilight, and MidnaDark. There are also seven Plasma styles, 40 window border color choices, six window decoration schemes, five icon themes, two different cursor schemes, three different boot-up splash screens, and 48 really tasteful wallpapers. I think this helps explain why it is a 2.8 GB download! | ||
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Finding the task bar on the right side of the screen is a little unconventional. It can be relocated to any screen edge, though, so I moved it to the bottom which puts the “K” menu button in the bottom-left corner. That looked better to me but it might just be my LXQt user prejudices. Icons and the bar width can also be made bigger or smaller. | Finding the task bar on the right side of the screen is a little unconventional. It can be relocated to any screen edge, though, so I moved it to the bottom which puts the “K” menu button in the bottom-left corner. That looked better to me but it might just be my LXQt user prejudices. Icons and the bar width can also be made bigger or smaller. | ||
- | KaOS offers a lot of user choices, so it is easy to make it look and work pretty much how you want. The impression it gives is of being elegant and well-considered. | + | KaOS offers a lot of user choices, so it is easy to make it look and work pretty much how you want. The impression it gives is of being elegant and well-considered.** |
- | Applications | + | Paramétrage |
+ | |||
+ | Puisque KaOS utilise le bureau KDE, elle propose à l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Voir la barre des tâches sur le côté droit de l’écran est un peu atypique. Vous pouvez la mettre à tous les bords de l’écran et je l’ai donc mis en bas, ce qui met le bouton de menu « K » dans le coin en bas à gauche. Cela me semblait meilleur, mais cela peut être dû tout simplement à mes préjugés d’utilisateur de LXQt. Les icônes et la largeur de la barre peuvent être également agrandies ou diminuées. | ||
+ | |||
+ | KaOS vous propose beaucoup de choix utilisateur et c’est facile de rendre son apparence et son fonctionnement presque exactement comme vous voulez. Elle donne une impression d’élégance et de beaucoup de réflexion. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | **Applications | ||
Unlike some distributions I have recently reviewed, including Fedora, SliTaz and Void Linux – which all come with a minimal list of applications, | Unlike some distributions I have recently reviewed, including Fedora, SliTaz and Void Linux – which all come with a minimal list of applications, | ||
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Vim 8.2.4227 text editor | Vim 8.2.4227 text editor | ||
- | As long as that list is, it has some oddities. For instance, it has three different text editors but no bittorrent client, although Transmission-Qt is in the repositories if needed. | + | As long as that list is, it has some oddities. For instance, it has three different text editors but no bittorrent client, although Transmission-Qt is in the repositories if needed.** |
- | The default web browser is Falkon, in its current 3.2.0 version, which dates to 31 January 2022. Falkon is a browser with good potential and one of the few Qt-based ones available right now, but it has some drawbacks. Notably it has few extensions and can be a bit of a RAM hog. A bigger concern is that version 3.2.0 is the first release in almost three years and Falkon was starting to look like “abandonware” there for a while. Web browsers are sensitive to security issues and most get updated every four to six weeks. Falkon otherwise works well and has a nice interface, it just needs a dedicated development team to provide it with more regular attention. | + | Applications |
+ | |||
+ | Contrairement à certaines distributions dont j’ai récemment fait la critique, dont Fedora, SliTaz et Void Linux, qui sont toutes livrées avec une liste minimale d’applications, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les applications par défaut comprennent : | ||
+ | Arc 21.12.2 archiveur | ||
+ | Calamares 3.2.51 installeur de système d’exploitation | ||
+ | Croeso 1.10 contrôleur d’apparence et de paquets | ||
+ | Dolphin 21.12.2 gestionnaire de fichiers | ||
+ | Elisa 21.12.2 lecteur de musique | ||
+ | Falkon 3.2.0 navigateur Web | ||
+ | Gwenview 21.12.2 visionneur d’images | ||
+ | Haruna 0.7.3 lecteur de vidéos | ||
+ | K3B 21.12.2 graveur de CD/DVD | ||
+ | Kamoso 21.12.2 webcam | ||
+ | Kate 21.12.2 éditeur de texte | ||
+ | KDE Partition Manager 21.12.2 gestionnaire de partitions | ||
+ | Konsole 21.12.2 émulateur de terminal | ||
+ | Kwrite 21.12.2 éditeur de texte | ||
+ | LibreOffice 7.3.0.3 suite bureautique | ||
+ | MPV 0.34.1 lecteur de médias | ||
+ | Octopi 0.13 gestionnaire de logiciels | ||
+ | Okular 21.12.2 visionneur de PDF | ||
+ | Quassel 0.14.0 client IRC | ||
+ | SimpleScreenRecorder 0.4.3 enregistreur de vidéo d’écran | ||
+ | Spectacle 21.12.2 utilitaire de capture d’écran | ||
+ | Vim 8.2.4227 éditeur de texte. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Aussi longue que soit cette liste, elle contient des bizarreries. Par exemple, il y a trois éditeurs de texte différents, | ||
+ | |||
+ | **The default web browser is Falkon, in its current 3.2.0 version, which dates to 31 January 2022. Falkon is a browser with good potential and one of the few Qt-based ones available right now, but it has some drawbacks. Notably it has few extensions and can be a bit of a RAM hog. A bigger concern is that version 3.2.0 is the first release in almost three years and Falkon was starting to look like “abandonware” there for a while. Web browsers are sensitive to security issues and most get updated every four to six weeks. Falkon otherwise works well and has a nice interface, it just needs a dedicated development team to provide it with more regular attention. | ||
The KaOS developers do acknowledge the shortcomings of Falkon and so the Croeso software store and the Octopi software manager (which is similar to the GTK Synaptic) offer some alternate GTK-toolkit browsers, including Firefox, Chrome, and Opera, plus the Qt-based Otter Browser. | The KaOS developers do acknowledge the shortcomings of Falkon and so the Croeso software store and the Octopi software manager (which is similar to the GTK Synaptic) offer some alternate GTK-toolkit browsers, including Firefox, Chrome, and Opera, plus the Qt-based Otter Browser. | ||
- | The release notes for the 2022.02 download indicate that this is the first time Wayland has been offered by default. Quite a number of accommodations were required to switch from the X display server to Wayland. All the bugs are not quite resolved and, when you open SimpleScreenRecorder, | + | The release notes for the 2022.02 download indicate that this is the first time Wayland has been offered by default. Quite a number of accommodations were required to switch from the X display server to Wayland. All the bugs are not quite resolved and, when you open SimpleScreenRecorder, |
+ | |||
+ | Le navigateur Web par défaut est Falkon dans sa version actuelle, la 3.2.0, du 31 janvier 2022. Falkoon est un navigateur avec un bon potentiel et l'un de ceux basés sur Qt - et il y en a très peu - disponibles actuellement, | ||
+ | |||
+ | En fait, les développeurs de KaOS reconnaissent les défauts de Falkon et, ainsi, le magasin de logiciels Croeso et le gestionnaire de logiciels Octopi (similaire à Synaptic, un GTK) proposent quelques navigateurs alternatifs de la boîte à outils GTK, notamment Firefox, Chrome et Opera, plus Otter Brower basé sur Qt. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les notes de version pour le téléchargement de la 2022.02 indiquent que c'est la première fois que Wayland est proposé par défaut. De très nombreux ajustements ont été nécessaires pour remplacer le serveur d' | ||
Of interest, LibreOffice is supplied complete, including the LibreOffice Base database application that many Linux distributions omit, due to being rarely used. I suspect that just providing LibreOffice complete simplifies package administration, | Of interest, LibreOffice is supplied complete, including the LibreOffice Base database application that many Linux distributions omit, due to being rarely used. I suspect that just providing LibreOffice complete simplifies package administration, | ||
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Official website: https:// | Official website: https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | À noter : LibreOffice est fournie complète, y compris LibreOffice Base, l’application de base de données que beaucoup de distributions Linux omettent, parce qu’elle n’est utilisée que rarement. Je soupçonne que le fait de fournir LibreOffice complète simplifie l’administration des paquets, plutôt que de répondre à un cas utilisateur précis. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Bien qu’un nombre limité de paquets soit fourni, l’utilisation du gestionnaire de paquets Pacman permet aux utilisateurs de compiler leurs propres paquets pour répondre à tous leur besoins. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Conclusions | ||
+ | |||
+ | Globalement, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Si vous voulez obtenir une distribution Linux intelligente, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Liens externes | ||
+ | |||
+ | Site Web officiel : | ||
issue185/critique2.1664716941.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2022/10/02 15:22 de auntiee