issue111:labo_linux
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Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Prochaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue111:labo_linux [2016/07/31 14:33] – créée auntiee | issue111:labo_linux [2016/08/10 19:17] (Version actuelle) – d52fr | ||
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- | Have you ever wondered what happens to a computer once you've donated it to a community computer refurbisher? | + | ===== 1 ===== |
+ | |||
+ | **Have you ever wondered what happens to a computer once you've donated it to a community computer refurbisher? | ||
The first step is an initial assessment. We see enough equipment come through our project that some computers are worth more to us recycled than they are reused. Ideally, we would refurbish everything that came through our doors, but the reality is there is very little demand from people for Pentium III. It’s sometimes hard to tell a donor that their several thousand dollar computer (they bought 10 years ago) has more value as scrap than as a refurbished computer. Ideally, we’d love to refurbish every machine, but not everyone loves TWM, Emacs, and CLI. (We have refurbished the odd lower spec machine for clients who really want one). | The first step is an initial assessment. We see enough equipment come through our project that some computers are worth more to us recycled than they are reused. Ideally, we would refurbish everything that came through our doors, but the reality is there is very little demand from people for Pentium III. It’s sometimes hard to tell a donor that their several thousand dollar computer (they bought 10 years ago) has more value as scrap than as a refurbished computer. Ideally, we’d love to refurbish every machine, but not everyone loves TWM, Emacs, and CLI. (We have refurbished the odd lower spec machine for clients who really want one). | ||
- | Our project is at the point that even Pentium 4 computers are getting too old for us to refurbish. Pentium 4 computers tend to choke on high definition videos, and since a lot of YouTube videos now default to high definition, we aimed a bit higher for our basic build. We could use Firefox plug-ins to manage the default resolution for YouTube, but then we’d have to account for other video sites. In the end, we decided it was just better to set our base refurbished model specifications a little bit higher, at least a Core 2 Duo. | + | Our project is at the point that even Pentium 4 computers are getting too old for us to refurbish. Pentium 4 computers tend to choke on high definition videos, and since a lot of YouTube videos now default to high definition, we aimed a bit higher for our basic build. We could use Firefox plug-ins to manage the default resolution for YouTube, but then we’d have to account for other video sites. In the end, we decided it was just better to set our base refurbished model specifications a little bit higher, at least a Core 2 Duo.** |
+ | |||
+ | Vous êtes-vous déjà demandé ce qui arrive à un ordinateur donné à un rénovateur d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Tout d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Notre projet est arrivé à un stade où même des Pentium 4 sont trop vieux pour être reconditionnés. Des ordinateurs Pentium 4 ont tendance à planter à la lecture de vidéos en haute définition et, puisque beaucoup de vidéos sur YouTube sont en HD par défaut, nous avons voulu une construction de base un peu plus performante que cela. On pourrait utiliser des greffons Firefox pour gérer la résolution par défaut sur YouTube, mais, dans ce cas, il faudrait tenir compte d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== 2 ===== | ||
- | When we first look at a computer, we examine the outside of the computer and check for a number of problems: | + | **When we first look at a computer, we examine the outside of the computer and check for a number of problems: |
• Is the computer missing parts we don't have, such as a specific kind of side panel? | • Is the computer missing parts we don't have, such as a specific kind of side panel? | ||
• Is the computer too yellow from sunlight? | • Is the computer too yellow from sunlight? | ||
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• If a motherboard has bad capacitors we'll examine the board to determine if it's worth fixing or not. We might replace a capacitor or two on a system capable of dual core with SATA and PCIe – provided there are not too many bad capacitors. | • If a motherboard has bad capacitors we'll examine the board to determine if it's worth fixing or not. We might replace a capacitor or two on a system capable of dual core with SATA and PCIe – provided there are not too many bad capacitors. | ||
• If there are missing parts (hard drive, RAM), we make a note of it. | • If there are missing parts (hard drive, RAM), we make a note of it. | ||
- | • If the computer is dirty we use a Data Vac to suction out large chunks of dirt. Our Data Vac has two ends, one end vacuums, the other blows compressed air. We find the blower end much stronger than the suction end, but we generally vacuum first to avoid spreading dust and germs. Volunteers wear protective eye gear and masks for the process. | + | • If the computer is dirty we use a Data Vac to suction out large chunks of dirt. Our Data Vac has two ends, one end vacuums, the other blows compressed air. We find the blower end much stronger than the suction end, but we generally vacuum first to avoid spreading dust and germs. Volunteers wear protective eye gear and masks for the process.** |
- | External cleaning: | + | Quand nous commençons l' |
+ | • Y a-t-il des composants manquants que nous ne possédons pas, comme un type précis de panneau de côté ? | ||
+ | • L' | ||
+ | • Est-il plein de goudron à cause de la proximité de gros fumeurs ? | ||
+ | • Est-ce qu'il semble très, très vieux ? | ||
+ | • Y a-t-il des indications d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ensuite, c'est l' | ||
+ | • Nous cherchons d' | ||
+ | • Si les condensateurs sur la carte mère sont mauvais, nous examinons la carte pour savoir si ça vaut le coup de la réparer ou pas. On pourrait éventuellement remplacer un ou deux condensateurs sur un système capable d'un double cœur avec SATA et PCIe - à condition qu'il n'y en ait pas trop de mauvais. | ||
+ | • En cas de composants manquants (disque dur, RAM), nous les notons. | ||
+ | • Si l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== 3 ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | **External cleaning: | ||
• Remove any asset tags that identify the donor. Often we'll get computers donated with the hostname, or a person' | • Remove any asset tags that identify the donor. Often we'll get computers donated with the hostname, or a person' | ||
• Next we give the computer case a good rub down with a diluted mixture of isopropyl alcohol and water. For stickers, we use a product called Goo Gone, or a competitor called Goo Off. There are lots of sticker removal products on the market, but you want to make sure you don’t buy something too abrasive. | • Next we give the computer case a good rub down with a diluted mixture of isopropyl alcohol and water. For stickers, we use a product called Goo Gone, or a competitor called Goo Off. There are lots of sticker removal products on the market, but you want to make sure you don’t buy something too abrasive. | ||
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Booting/ | Booting/ | ||
• We have almost all our software tools and installers on a PXE-enabled server. To access the server, we enable PXE network booting in the BIOS of the computer. If a computer doesn’t have PXE booting (this was another reason we decided to set our minimum build at dual core or better), we boot off a gPXE CD. gPXE, or Etherboot, is a bootable CD full of network drivers that lets you boot from the network by first booting from a CD on machines that don’t support network booting in the BIOS. | • We have almost all our software tools and installers on a PXE-enabled server. To access the server, we enable PXE network booting in the BIOS of the computer. If a computer doesn’t have PXE booting (this was another reason we decided to set our minimum build at dual core or better), we boot off a gPXE CD. gPXE, or Etherboot, is a bootable CD full of network drivers that lets you boot from the network by first booting from a CD on machines that don’t support network booting in the BIOS. | ||
- | • Once we have a hard drive in the computer, we ensure that the BIOS SMART feature is enabled if it's available. SMART just lets us see if a drive is starting to go bad. | + | • Once we have a hard drive in the computer, we ensure that the BIOS SMART feature is enabled if it's available. SMART just lets us see if a drive is starting to go bad.** |
+ | |||
+ | Nettoyage externe : | ||
+ | • Enlever toutes les étiquettes identifiant le donateur. Très souvent, nous recevons des ordinateurs sur lesquels figure le nom de l' | ||
+ | • Ensuite nous nettoyons le boîtier avec un mélange dilué d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Démarrage/ | ||
+ | • Presque tous nos logiciels utilitaires et nos installeurs se trouve sur un serveur ou le PXE est activé. [« L' | ||
+ | • Dès qu'un disque dur est présent, nous nous assurons que la fonction SMART du BIOS est activée, si elle est disponible. SMART nous permet de voir si un disque commence à se corrompre. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== 4 ===== | ||
+ | ** | ||
• We then boot a Debian live environment that has several tools we use for different steps. The first of which is phoronix-test-suite – a benchmarking tool that can be used to also gather system specifications. We use Phoronix and the computer BIOS itself to gather the following information about a PC: | • We then boot a Debian live environment that has several tools we use for different steps. The first of which is phoronix-test-suite – a benchmarking tool that can be used to also gather system specifications. We use Phoronix and the computer BIOS itself to gather the following information about a PC: | ||
o Original Equipment Manufacturer Serial Number | o Original Equipment Manufacturer Serial Number | ||
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o Video Card RAM | o Video Card RAM | ||
- | We also have a spot for notes, and, at the top, logos for Windows or Xubuntu, along with a spot just below for the estimated price. | + | We also have a spot for notes, and, at the top, logos for Windows or Xubuntu, along with a spot just below for the estimated price.** |
- | If the specifications are good enough, we'll take the machine to our back build area. Our general rule for a minimum Xubuntu Linux build is a Core 2 Duo with 2GB of RAM and an 80GB SATA Hard Drive. We break this rule sometimes if we don't have extra RAM or are low on SATA Hard Drives. If a computer has sticks of RAM larger than 2GB, we normally remove and replace them with smaller, tested sticks of RAM. It's very rare for us to get a computer with 6 or 8GB or RAM, but it does happen once in awhile. Only recently have we switched from 32-bit to 64-bit installs of Xubuntu. | + | • Puis nous démarrons sur un environnement live Debian qui possède plusieurs outils que nous utilisons pour diverses étapes, le premier étant phoronix-test-suite, |
+ | |||
+ | o Le numéro de série du fabricant original de l' | ||
+ | o Le fabricant du CPU (Intel/ | ||
+ | o Le modèle du CPU. | ||
+ | o La vitesse du CPU. | ||
+ | o Le fabricant du disque dur. | ||
+ | o Le modèle du disque dur. | ||
+ | o La taille du disque dur. | ||
+ | o Le type de RAM : DDR, DDR2, DDR3, AUTRE. | ||
+ | o La quantité de RAM. | ||
+ | o Le fabricant de la carte mère. | ||
+ | o Le modèle de la carte mère. | ||
+ | o Le lecteur optique. | ||
+ | o Le type de la carte réseau : 10/ | ||
+ | o L' | ||
+ | o Le fabricant de la carte graphique. | ||
+ | o Le modèle de la carte graphique. | ||
+ | o La RAM de la carte graphique. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Y figurent aussi un endroit pour des notes et, en haut, un emplacement pour le logo de Windows ou de Xubuntu, sous lequel se trouve un endroit pour le prix estimé. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== 5 ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | **If the specifications are good enough, we'll take the machine to our back build area. Our general rule for a minimum Xubuntu Linux build is a Core 2 Duo with 2GB of RAM and an 80GB SATA Hard Drive. We break this rule sometimes if we don't have extra RAM or are low on SATA Hard Drives. If a computer has sticks of RAM larger than 2GB, we normally remove and replace them with smaller, tested sticks of RAM. It's very rare for us to get a computer with 6 or 8GB or RAM, but it does happen once in awhile. Only recently have we switched from 32-bit to 64-bit installs of Xubuntu. | ||
Unless the machine in question is a quad core, we usually remove any hard drives that are 500GB or larger. We keep the 500GB hard drives for the occasional quad core machine that comes in. | Unless the machine in question is a quad core, we usually remove any hard drives that are 500GB or larger. We keep the 500GB hard drives for the occasional quad core machine that comes in. | ||
- | Our old process was to wipe (dban) old hard drives during the build process, but this took a lot of time, so we switched to replacing any drives in a system with a drive that has already been wiped. Darik’s Boot And Nuke (dban) is a great program that can overwrite a drive with garbage data as many times as you tell it. Typically, we use the DOD-Short standard (3 passes) except when asked by specific clients to do more. Putting drives in our dban machine is an easy job for new volunteers to tackle. There is a little bit of troubleshooting sometimes when there' | + | Our old process was to wipe (dban) old hard drives during the build process, but this took a lot of time, so we switched to replacing any drives in a system with a drive that has already been wiped. Darik’s Boot And Nuke (dban) is a great program that can overwrite a drive with garbage data as many times as you tell it. Typically, we use the DOD-Short standard (3 passes) except when asked by specific clients to do more. Putting drives in our dban machine is an easy job for new volunteers to tackle. There is a little bit of troubleshooting sometimes when there' |
- | Running DBAN on a hard drive only wipes the drive. If we have a really bad drive, DBAN fails. Unfortunately, | + | Si les spécifications sont assez bonnes, nous apportons la machine à la zone d' |
+ | |||
+ | À moins que la machine ne soit à quadruple cœurs, nous avons l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Par le passé, notre procédure était d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== 6 ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Running DBAN on a hard drive only wipes the drive. If we have a really bad drive, DBAN fails. Unfortunately, | ||
CD-ROM drives have been dead to us for about two years. We generally remove any CD-R/CD-RW drives and replace them with a DVD-RW. We started doing this because our optical media shelf was getting so full, we were finding ourselves recycling drives every couple of weeks. Only using DVD-RW drives also means we don't get questions about why a movie doesn' | CD-ROM drives have been dead to us for about two years. We generally remove any CD-R/CD-RW drives and replace them with a DVD-RW. We started doing this because our optical media shelf was getting so full, we were finding ourselves recycling drives every couple of weeks. Only using DVD-RW drives also means we don't get questions about why a movie doesn' | ||
- | The computers we get don't always come in complete. Sometimes they' | + | The computers we get don't always come in complete. Sometimes they' |
+ | |||
+ | Exécuter DBAN sur un disque dur ne fait qu' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les lecteurs de CD-ROM sont morts depuis environ deux ans. Nous enlevons généralement tout lecteur CD-R ou CD-RW et le remplaçons par un DVD-RW. Nous avons commencé à le faire parce que l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les ordinateurs que nous recevons ne sont pas toujours complets : il manque parfois des morceaux du panneau de devant, ou il peut y avoir des trous vides derrière, là où quelqu' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== 7 ===== | ||
- | Our next step is to test the RAM. Unlike the hard drives, we normally test RAM in the computer. There are a couple of reasons why we test the RAM in the system: | + | **Our next step is to test the RAM. Unlike the hard drives, we normally test RAM in the computer. There are a couple of reasons why we test the RAM in the system: |
• To ensure the RAM slots are not bad (if we suspect a slot is bad, we'll test the RAM at a workstation where we know the RAM slots are good, and we retest in the build computer with other RAM) | • To ensure the RAM slots are not bad (if we suspect a slot is bad, we'll test the RAM at a workstation where we know the RAM slots are good, and we retest in the build computer with other RAM) | ||
• Testing RAM usually takes less than 30 minutes, whereas wiping a drive can take 5 hours – or more for large drives. | • Testing RAM usually takes less than 30 minutes, whereas wiping a drive can take 5 hours – or more for large drives. | ||
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Next comes the OS install. I mentioned earlier that all our tools run off a PXE boot server. Our Xubuntu installer is scripted so no user interaction is required and we get a complete environment including some special scripts/ | Next comes the OS install. I mentioned earlier that all our tools run off a PXE boot server. Our Xubuntu installer is scripted so no user interaction is required and we get a complete environment including some special scripts/ | ||
- | Once the install is complete, we review the machine to ensure autologin is working, and web browsers and flash are working. I normally test video by going to Youtube because we can also test sound at the same time (we probably should change this since much of youtube is HTML5). We also test any floppy drives and all the USB ports. | + | Once the install is complete, we review the machine to ensure autologin is working, and web browsers and flash are working. I normally test video by going to Youtube because we can also test sound at the same time (we probably should change this since much of youtube is HTML5). We also test any floppy drives and all the USB ports.** : |
- | Our installer is pretty great; we also get recent updates thanks to apt-dater. Once a machine is finished installing, it generally is right up-to-date. The additional step we need to do sometimes is enable any proprietary video drivers for Nvidia or AMD video cards. For this, we just use *buntu’s built-in Additional Drivers tool (this may change for us in the near future since 16.04 has some changes and doesn’t appear to work the same as 14.04). | + | La prochaine étape est de tester la RAM. Contrairement aux disques durs, nous avons l' |
+ | • pour nous assurer que les emplacements de RAM ne sont pas mauvais (si nous pensons qu'un emplacement peut être mauvais, nous testons la RAM sur un poste de travail dont nous savons que les emplacements RAM sont bons et nous faisons des tests avec d' | ||
+ | • La vérification de la RAM prend habituellement moins de 30 minutes, alors que l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Après, nous installons le système d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Une fois l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== 8 ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Our installer is pretty great; we also get recent updates thanks to apt-dater. Once a machine is finished installing, it generally is right up-to-date. The additional step we need to do sometimes is enable any proprietary video drivers for Nvidia or AMD video cards. For this, we just use *buntu’s built-in Additional Drivers tool (this may change for us in the near future since 16.04 has some changes and doesn’t appear to work the same as 14.04). | ||
At this point, the build is done and the machine gets set on a shelf with a ready for QA (Quality Assurance) sticker. We have 2 volunteers check the build to make sure all the build steps were followed. QA includes looking for things like bad capacitors, ensuring all the ports are working, and checking to see if the system is clean and up-to-date. Generally, we have a more senior volunteer look over a build because they' | At this point, the build is done and the machine gets set on a shelf with a ready for QA (Quality Assurance) sticker. We have 2 volunteers check the build to make sure all the build steps were followed. QA includes looking for things like bad capacitors, ensuring all the ports are working, and checking to see if the system is clean and up-to-date. Generally, we have a more senior volunteer look over a build because they' | ||
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Finally, if the computer passes both QAs, it gets a price/ | Finally, if the computer passes both QAs, it gets a price/ | ||
- | Resources: | ||
- | • gPXE/ | + | Resources: ** |
+ | |||
+ | Notre installeur est assez génial ; nous recevons des mises à jour récentes grâce à apt-dater. Ainsi, une fois l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | À ce stade, l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Enfin, si l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ressources : | ||
+ | |||
+ | • gPXE/ | ||
http:// | http:// | ||
• Phoronix Test Suite | • Phoronix Test Suite |
issue111/labo_linux.1469968405.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2016/07/31 14:33 de auntiee