issue121:inkscape
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue121:inkscape [2017/06/02 08:28] – d52fr | issue121:inkscape [2017/06/04 15:04] (Version actuelle) – andre_domenech | ||
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Many of the changes from 0.48 aren’t things that are directly reflected in the user interface: the usual round of performance improvements, | Many of the changes from 0.48 aren’t things that are directly reflected in the user interface: the usual round of performance improvements, | ||
- | Avant la diversion pour l' | + | Avant la diversion |
- | Beaucoup des changements depuis la 0.48 sont des choses qui ne se voient pas directement dans l' | + | Beaucoup des changements, depuis la 0.48, ne se voient pas directement dans l' |
**You can, of course, activate this tool by clicking on the button – or you can use the keyboard shortcut, which is “M” by default. This tool had limited utility in 0.91, but gained a lot of extra features in 0.92, so I’ll be describing the latter. In either version, at its simplest, the Measure tool does exactly what you would expect: it lets you measure the distances, and angles, between parts of your drawing. In its basic mode, the measurements are ephemeral – you can make only one measurement at a time, and as soon as you switch to a different tool, the measurement disappears. The new features in 0.92 include some slightly clunky workarounds for both of these issues, but it’s still not the same as the sort of dimensioning tool you would find in a fully fledged CAD application, | **You can, of course, activate this tool by clicking on the button – or you can use the keyboard shortcut, which is “M” by default. This tool had limited utility in 0.91, but gained a lot of extra features in 0.92, so I’ll be describing the latter. In either version, at its simplest, the Measure tool does exactly what you would expect: it lets you measure the distances, and angles, between parts of your drawing. In its basic mode, the measurements are ephemeral – you can make only one measurement at a time, and as soon as you switch to a different tool, the measurement disappears. The new features in 0.92 include some slightly clunky workarounds for both of these issues, but it’s still not the same as the sort of dimensioning tool you would find in a fully fledged CAD application, | ||
Ligne 11: | Ligne 11: | ||
With the tool active, start by clicking and dragging a line on your canvas. You’ll see that there’s a blue line that follows the mouse, and red lines marking out its angle from the horizontal. There doesn’t seem to be a way to measure the angle from the vertical, let alone any other arbitrary datum line. Your line will also be annotated with its overall length, which could appear on it twice, depending on your settings. The midway annotation shows the length of the line segment, whereas the annotation at the end shows the total length of the line. On a blank canvas, these will show the same value, as there’s only a single line segment to consider.** | With the tool active, start by clicking and dragging a line on your canvas. You’ll see that there’s a blue line that follows the mouse, and red lines marking out its angle from the horizontal. There doesn’t seem to be a way to measure the angle from the vertical, let alone any other arbitrary datum line. Your line will also be annotated with its overall length, which could appear on it twice, depending on your settings. The midway annotation shows the length of the line segment, whereas the annotation at the end shows the total length of the line. On a blank canvas, these will show the same value, as there’s only a single line segment to consider.** | ||
- | Bien sûr, vous pouvez activer cet outil en cliquant sur le bouton | + | Bien sûr, vous pouvez activer cet outil en cliquant sur le bouton, ou vous pouvez utiliser le raccourci clavier, qui est « M » par défaut. Cet outil avait une utilité réduite dans la 0.91, mais a gagné beaucoup de fonctionnalités supplémentaires dans la 0.92 ; aussi, je vais décrire celle-ci. Dans chacune des versions, |
- | L' | + | L' |
**If you now click the mouse somewhere else, the starting point of your line will move to the location you click on. This can be useful for taking several measurements from the same datum point, but it does seem counter-intuitive to me that it’s the start that moves, not the end. If I wanted to take several measurements from the same point, I would naturally expect to click first on the common datum, and then click on each point I wish to measure. Instead, Inkscape requires you to drag from the first point back to the datum, and then click on each subsequent point. You can also drag the handle at either end of your line to move it to a different location, so if you’re happy to drag rather than click you can use that approach to work with the datum as the first point. | **If you now click the mouse somewhere else, the starting point of your line will move to the location you click on. This can be useful for taking several measurements from the same datum point, but it does seem counter-intuitive to me that it’s the start that moves, not the end. If I wanted to take several measurements from the same point, I would naturally expect to click first on the common datum, and then click on each point I wish to measure. Instead, Inkscape requires you to drag from the first point back to the datum, and then click on each subsequent point. You can also drag the handle at either end of your line to move it to a different location, so if you’re happy to drag rather than click you can use that approach to work with the datum as the first point. | ||
Ligne 19: | Ligne 19: | ||
As you might imagine, holding CTRL whilst dragging the initial measurement will constrain it to particular angles based on the rotation steps setting in the Inkscape preferences. This is particularly useful to limit your measurements to the horizontal or vertical direction. It doesn’t work so well when dragging the endpoints around, though, as it tries to constrain the angle of the measurement, | As you might imagine, holding CTRL whilst dragging the initial measurement will constrain it to particular angles based on the rotation steps setting in the Inkscape preferences. This is particularly useful to limit your measurements to the horizontal or vertical direction. It doesn’t work so well when dragging the endpoints around, though, as it tries to constrain the angle of the measurement, | ||
- | Si vous cliquez quelque part ailleurs, le point de départ de votre ligne se déplacera à l' | + | Si vous cliquez |
- | Comme vous pouvez | + | Comme vous pourriez |
**The labels themselves can be modified a little using the first few widgets on the tool control bar: | **The labels themselves can be modified a little using the first few widgets on the tool control bar: | ||
Ligne 29: | Ligne 29: | ||
Les étiquettes elles-mêmes peuvent être modifiées un peu en utilisant les premiers des quelques gadgets de la barre de contrôle de l' | Les étiquettes elles-mêmes peuvent être modifiées un peu en utilisant les premiers des quelques gadgets de la barre de contrôle de l' | ||
- | Taille de la police et, à l' | + | Taille de la police et, à l' |
**I mentioned earlier that drawing a measurement on a blank canvas only shows a single length. What happens if we draw on a non-blank canvas instead? Here’s the result of drawing a horizontal line with arbitrary start and end points, over a couple of shapes: | **I mentioned earlier that drawing a measurement on a blank canvas only shows a single length. What happens if we draw on a non-blank canvas instead? Here’s the result of drawing a horizontal line with arbitrary start and end points, over a couple of shapes: | ||
Notice how Inkscape, rather cleverly, marks the length of each segment of the measuring line between the points at which it crosses other shapes. It also shows the overall length of the line. But, in this case, my endpoints were arbitrarily chosen, so I’m probably not terribly interested in the fact that the line extends 13.90mm to the left and 28.64mm to the right. Back to the tool control bar once more...** | Notice how Inkscape, rather cleverly, marks the length of each segment of the measuring line between the points at which it crosses other shapes. It also shows the overall length of the line. But, in this case, my endpoints were arbitrarily chosen, so I’m probably not terribly interested in the fact that the line extends 13.90mm to the left and 28.64mm to the right. Back to the tool control bar once more...** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Auparavant, j'ai signalé que la pose d'une mesure sur un canevas vierge ne montre qu'une seule longueur. Que se passe-t-il si vous en tracez une sur un canevas non vierge ? Voici le résultat du tracé d'une ligne horizontale avec des début et fin arbitraires, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Notez comment Inkscape - plutôt intelligemment - marque la longueur de chaque segment de la ligne de mesure entre les points où elle coupe les autres formes. Elle montre aussi la longueur totale de la ligne. Mais, dans ce cas, mes points terminaux ayant été choisis arbitrairement, | ||
**These four buttons determine which points are considered when working out the measurements. The first has a tooltip of “Ignore first and last”, and toggling that on does exactly what it suggests: the first and last points on the measurement line are dropped from the main part of the display, making it clearer to see the overall length of the section I’m concerned with (though the overall length of the measurement line does still appear at the far right): | **These four buttons determine which points are considered when working out the measurements. The first has a tooltip of “Ignore first and last”, and toggling that on does exactly what it suggests: the first and last points on the measurement line are dropped from the main part of the display, making it clearer to see the overall length of the section I’m concerned with (though the overall length of the measurement line does still appear at the far right): | ||
The second button on the toolbar turns off the intermediate measurements, | The second button on the toolbar turns off the intermediate measurements, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ces quatre boutons déterminent quels points sont pris en compte lors de l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le second bouton de la barre d' | ||
**In this particular case, the result is the same as if the second button was toggled off, but that won’t always be true. If you use the measurement tool on a complex drawing, with many overlapping objects, the output can become very hard to read if you don’t use this button, or the next one, to reduce the number of items that are included in the measurement process. As for that next button, it simply determines whether the measurement will be limited to objects in the currently selected layer, or in all layers. NOTE: If you turn this button off, Inkscape will, indeed, only show you measurements based on objects in the current layer, but the measurements don’t update live as you switch between layers: you need to either make a change to one of the tool controls (such as toggling a button on and off again), or adjust the position of one of the endpoints of the measurement. | **In this particular case, the result is the same as if the second button was toggled off, but that won’t always be true. If you use the measurement tool on a complex drawing, with many overlapping objects, the output can become very hard to read if you don’t use this button, or the next one, to reduce the number of items that are included in the measurement process. As for that next button, it simply determines whether the measurement will be limited to objects in the currently selected layer, or in all layers. NOTE: If you turn this button off, Inkscape will, indeed, only show you measurements based on objects in the current layer, but the measurements don’t update live as you switch between layers: you need to either make a change to one of the tool controls (such as toggling a button on and off again), or adjust the position of one of the endpoints of the measurement. | ||
The last few widgets on the tool control bar offer some options for extra things you can do with the measurements: | The last few widgets on the tool control bar offer some options for extra things you can do with the measurements: | ||
+ | |||
+ | Dans ce cas particulier, | ||
**The first button swaps the endpoints of the measurement line; in doing so it also switches the angle being measured from the inside to the outside angle (or vice versa). No, I don’t know why it has an icon that better represents reflection than reversal. | **The first button swaps the endpoints of the measurement line; in doing so it also switches the angle being measured from the inside to the outside angle (or vice versa). No, I don’t know why it has an icon that better represents reflection than reversal. | ||
The second button’s icon makes a bit more sense: the camera takes a “snapshot” of the current measurement, | The second button’s icon makes a bit more sense: the camera takes a “snapshot” of the current measurement, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le premier bouton intervertit les terminaisons de la ligne de mesure ; en faisant cela, l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | L' | ||
**The next button on the bar will create guides that correspond to the key points of your measuring line. Be warned, this can easily create lots of guides – you’ll get one that follows the direction of the measurement path, and a guide for each labelled path intersection that is drawn perpendicular to the measurement line. In addition, there will be a horizontal and vertical path for the endpoints of your line, though not for the intersection points. It’s important to use the earlier tool control bar buttons to reduce the number of intersections being measured, especially if you’re working with a complex drawing, otherwise you can easily end up with way more guides than you wanted. You can, at least, immediately use Edit > Undo if you do make a mistake with the settings. If you want to remove just a few of the guides, remember that you only have to hover the mouse over a guide until it changes color, then press the Delete key to remove it – a quicker option than deleting via the guide’s dialog.** | **The next button on the bar will create guides that correspond to the key points of your measuring line. Be warned, this can easily create lots of guides – you’ll get one that follows the direction of the measurement path, and a guide for each labelled path intersection that is drawn perpendicular to the measurement line. In addition, there will be a horizontal and vertical path for the endpoints of your line, though not for the intersection points. It’s important to use the earlier tool control bar buttons to reduce the number of intersections being measured, especially if you’re working with a complex drawing, otherwise you can easily end up with way more guides than you wanted. You can, at least, immediately use Edit > Undo if you do make a mistake with the settings. If you want to remove just a few of the guides, remember that you only have to hover the mouse over a guide until it changes color, then press the Delete key to remove it – a quicker option than deleting via the guide’s dialog.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le bouton suivant sur la barre créera des guides qui correspondent aux points clés de votre ligne de mesure. Attention, des nombreux guides peuvent être créés : vous en aurez un qui suit la direction de votre chemin de mesure et un guide pour chaque intersection du chemin avec une étiquette, tracé perpendiculairement à la ligne de mesure. Qui plus est, un chemin vertical et un horizontal seront tracés aux extrémités de votre ligne, mais pas pour les points d' | ||
**Should you need to see more than two measurements at once, the next button provides something of a solution. Clicking it will convert the current measurement layout to a group of real objects. You can then enter the group and manipulate them as you would any other shapes – including deleting unnecessary measurements or changing the text of the labels. Because they’re real objects, they’ll still be visible when you draw another measurement. But equally, as real objects, they can be included as crossing points in any measurements themselves, should your new line cross them, which can lead to a confusing collection of lines and labels on the screen. One possible solution to this is to put your converted measurements onto a separate layer and turn off the “Measure all layers” toggle. | **Should you need to see more than two measurements at once, the next button provides something of a solution. Clicking it will convert the current measurement layout to a group of real objects. You can then enter the group and manipulate them as you would any other shapes – including deleting unnecessary measurements or changing the text of the labels. Because they’re real objects, they’ll still be visible when you draw another measurement. But equally, as real objects, they can be included as crossing points in any measurements themselves, should your new line cross them, which can lead to a confusing collection of lines and labels on the screen. One possible solution to this is to put your converted measurements onto a separate layer and turn off the “Measure all layers” toggle. | ||
You might think that this button makes for a viable way to mark up the dimensions on a technical drawing, but there is a (slightly) better method. The penultimate control on the toolbar, “Mark Dimension”, | You might think that this button makes for a viable way to mark up the dimensions on a technical drawing, but there is a (slightly) better method. The penultimate control on the toolbar, “Mark Dimension”, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Si vous avez besoin de voir plus de deux mesures en même temps, le bouton suivant peut apporter une sorte de réponse. En cliquant dessus, la disposition de la mesure courante est convertie en un groupe d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Vous pourriez penser que ce bouton est une façon viable de noter les dimensions sur un dessin technique, mais il y a une méthode (légèrement) meilleure. L' | ||
**At first this might seem like a more limited choice than the previous “Convert to item” button, but, because it doesn’t create a whole load of superfluous elements, it can be used more rapidly without requiring a lot of cleaning up afterwards. The secret is to use snapping when placing the start and end points of your measurement line, so that it stretches exactly over the dimension you wish to measure. The orientation of the text will depend on the direction of the measurement path, so, if it’s upside down, simply undo the operation, click the tool control button to swap the ends of the path, then “Mark Dimension” once again. You can quickly mark out a drawing in this way, but do note that, in the following example, I had to enlarge the arrowheads and draw the vertical projection lines myself (the latter was made easier with the Measurement Tool’s “Convert to guides” option):** | **At first this might seem like a more limited choice than the previous “Convert to item” button, but, because it doesn’t create a whole load of superfluous elements, it can be used more rapidly without requiring a lot of cleaning up afterwards. The secret is to use snapping when placing the start and end points of your measurement line, so that it stretches exactly over the dimension you wish to measure. The orientation of the text will depend on the direction of the measurement path, so, if it’s upside down, simply undo the operation, click the tool control button to swap the ends of the path, then “Mark Dimension” once again. You can quickly mark out a drawing in this way, but do note that, in the following example, I had to enlarge the arrowheads and draw the vertical projection lines myself (the latter was made easier with the Measurement Tool’s “Convert to guides” option):** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Au début, ceci peut paraître comme un choix plus limité que le bouton précédent « Convertir en élément », mais, parce qu'il ne crée pas de nombreux éléments superflus, il peut être utilisé plus rapidement en évitant de nombreux nettoyages après coup. Le secret réside dans l' | ||
**Perhaps the biggest limitation of using this method to dimension a technical drawing is that the dimensions are just lines and text objects, with no relationship to the objects they measure. If you change the size of an object, the dimensions won’t update on their own: you’ll need to either modify or re-create them. This, combined with the additional steps needed to produce the dimensions in the first place, is the main reason why, for anything more than the most basic of diagrams, you’re much better off using a real CAD program for technical drawings. Handy, then, that FCM is running a tutorial series on FreeCAD – the program that I turn to myself when I need to draw something more technical than artistic.** | **Perhaps the biggest limitation of using this method to dimension a technical drawing is that the dimensions are just lines and text objects, with no relationship to the objects they measure. If you change the size of an object, the dimensions won’t update on their own: you’ll need to either modify or re-create them. This, combined with the additional steps needed to produce the dimensions in the first place, is the main reason why, for anything more than the most basic of diagrams, you’re much better off using a real CAD program for technical drawings. Handy, then, that FCM is running a tutorial series on FreeCAD – the program that I turn to myself when I need to draw something more technical than artistic.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | La plus grosse limitation dans l' | ||
+ | |||
+ |
issue121/inkscape.1496384906.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2017/06/02 08:28 de d52fr