issue131:inkscape
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
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issue131:inkscape [2018/03/31 17:41] – créée auntiee | issue131:inkscape [2018/04/12 18:05] (Version actuelle) – andre_domenech | ||
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- | Continuing from last month’s introduction to extensions in Inkscape, this time I want to point out a few little utility extensions that can make some seemingly minor tasks a whole lot easier to achieve than would be possible with Inkscape’s native tools. | + | **Continuing from last month’s introduction to extensions in Inkscape, this time I want to point out a few little utility extensions that can make some seemingly minor tasks a whole lot easier to achieve than would be possible with Inkscape’s native tools. |
- | Starting at the top of the menu, we find Arrange > Deep Ungroup. As its name suggests, it ungroups any grouped objects it finds, with the “deep” part indicating that it then continues down, ungrouping any groups that were nested inside those groups, then any groups within groups within groups – and so on, until every group in your document has been expanded back to its constituent objects. It can be particularly useful when importing SVG files from other programs, some of which nest groups to such an extent that it becomes difficult to edit the content with Inkscape. | + | Starting at the top of the menu, we find Arrange > Deep Ungroup. As its name suggests, it ungroups any grouped objects it finds, with the “deep” part indicating that it then continues down, ungrouping any groups that were nested inside those groups, then any groups within groups within groups – and so on, until every group in your document has been expanded back to its constituent objects. It can be particularly useful when importing SVG files from other programs, some of which nest groups to such an extent that it becomes difficult to edit the content with Inkscape.** |
- | Most of the time, the default options in this extension are fine. With nothing selected on the canvas, it will ungroup everything across all layers, no matter how deep (well… up to 65535 levels deep, which may as well be infinite in SVG terms). Be warned, however, that this will even remove any layers you have (since layers are just groups with extra attributes). You can limit its effect by selecting specific groups to operate on before running the extension. | + | Poursuivant notre introduction aux extensions d' |
- | Whilst selecting specific groups lets you restrict the “breadth” of the changes, changing the values in the dialog lets you adjust the depth of nesting that will be affected. To demonstrate, I’ve put a single object inside a group, which is inside a group, which is inside a group… to 10 levels of nesting. The structure in Inkscape | + | Dans le menu, nous trouvons Organiser > Dégrouper récursivement. Comme son nom le suggère, elle dégroupe tous objets groupés qu' |
- | Using the default values, with nothing selected, breaks my path out of its deeply nested jail, and throws away the layer to boot. Better to select the topmost group, which breaks the path out whilst still leaving the layer intact: | + | **Most of the time, the default options in this extension are fine. With nothing selected on the canvas, it will ungroup everything across all layers, no matter how deep (well… up to 65535 levels deep, which may as well be infinite in SVG terms). Be warned, however, that this will even remove any layers you have (since layers are just groups with extra attributes). You can limit its effect by selecting specific groups to operate on before running the extension. |
+ | |||
+ | Whilst selecting specific groups lets you restrict the “breadth” of the changes, changing the values in the dialog lets you adjust the depth of nesting that will be affected. To demonstrate, | ||
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+ | La plupart du temps, les options par défaut de ces extensions sont bonnes. Quand rien n'est sélectionné sur le canevas, elle dégroupera tout sur tous les calques, quel qu’en soit le niveau (en fait, jusqu' | ||
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+ | Alors que la sélection de groupes spécifiques vous permet de restreindre l'« étendue » des modifications, | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Using the default values, with nothing selected, breaks my path out of its deeply nested jail, and throws away the layer to boot. Better to select the topmost group, which breaks the path out whilst still leaving the layer intact: | ||
Change the Starting Depth parameter to 2, however, and the first two levels of grouping are left intact: | Change the Starting Depth parameter to 2, however, and the first two levels of grouping are left intact: | ||
- | With the starting depth back at 0, but the Stopping Depth at 5, I get this (note that it’s actually removed 6 levels of grouping as this figure appears to use “programmer’s numbering” where the count actually starts at zero): | + | With the starting depth back at 0, but the Stopping Depth at 5, I get this (note that it’s actually removed 6 levels of grouping as this figure appears to use “programmer’s numbering” where the count actually starts at zero):** |
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+ | L' | ||
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+ | Cependant, mettez 2 dans le paramètre Profondeur de départ et les deux premiers niveaux de profondeur seront conservés : | ||
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+ | Avec la profondeur de départ remise à 0, mais la Profondeur d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Exactly the same result can be achieved by setting the Stopping Depth back to 65535, and setting the Depth to Keep to 3. The difference is whether you want to start at the outermost group and count the levels down, or start at the innermost group and count up. I advise setting only one of these fields, leaving the other at 65535 (Stopping Depth) or 0 (Depth to Keep), as it’s not clear how they interact with each other. You can, however, combine one of these fields with the Starting Depth to keep the top few groups and the deepest groups, whilst chopping out all the ones in the middle. This can be useful when a file contains a lot of redundant nesting and you want to simplify it down without losing too much structure. For example, with the Starting Depth at 2 and the Depth to Keep at 3, my file ends up like this:** | ||
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+ | On obtient exactement le même résultat en réglant la Profondeur d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Having removed all the groups in your document, you may now be faced with a whole load of individual objects that aren’t necessarily arranged the way you want them to be. Their position on the canvas should still be the same as it was when they were grouped, but their position in the z-stack could be all over the place. Much of the time this won’t matter, but, when objects overlap, or you need to use them in Boolean operations, the z-order can matter immensely. That’s where the Arrange > Restack extension comes into its own.** | ||
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+ | En ayant supprimé tous les groupes de votre document, vous pourriez vous trouver confronté à tout un tas d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **In normal operation, this extension changes the z-index on each element based on its coordinates. With the settings shown here, for example, the object whose top left corner (the Object Reference Point) is furthest to the left will be moved to the bottom of the stack, with each subsequent object from left to right being placed on top, until the object whose top left corner is furthest to the right is placed on the top. Changing the Restack Direction popup lets you change that left to right ordering so that the stacking runs from right to left, top to bottom, or bottom to top. If none of those suit, you can use the Custom tab to choose an angle that works with your design. For restacking objects that are more circularly arranged, there are even options for Radial Outward and Radial Inward. In short, this extension lets you trivially achieve this:** | ||
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+ | Dans une opération normale, cette extension change l' | ||
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+ | **If your objects are already stacked in a sensible order, there are really only two things you might want to do with them: reverse the order, or randomise it. Both of these operations are also available in this extension, by switching to the “Based on Z-Order” tab. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The Modify Path or Visualise Path submenus seems like good places to look for useful utilities, but so useful are the tools in them that many have been re-implemented as Live Path Effects in recent releases, and it’s usually best to use the LPE versions. Don’t forget you can use ‘Path’ > ‘Object to Path’ to “set” the results if you don’t want them to be “live”. For example, you can find both Envelope and Perspective extensions in the Modify Path submenu, each of which requires a source path to distort, and a four-node guide path to distort into. But they have different ideas about the order of the nodes in the guide path, and whilst Envelope will happily distort a group of paths, Perspective won’t, requiring you to ungroup and union the paths into a single object first. Far better to use the Perspective/ | ||
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+ | Si vos objets sont déjà empilés dans un ordre logique, il n'y a vraiment que deux choses que vous pouvez vouloir faire avec eux : inverser leur ordre, ou le rendre aléatoire. Ces deux opérations sont aussi disponibles dans cette extension, en passant dans l' | ||
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+ | Les sous-menus Modifier le chemin et Visualisation du chemin semblent être les bons endroits pour chercher des services utiles, mais les outils inclus sont si utiles que beaucoup ont été ré-implémentés en Effets de chemin dynamiques (LPE) dans les dernières publications ; et il est largement préférable d' | ||
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+ | **Although Scribus makes for a far better desktop publishing program, Inskcape is sometimes put to use for producing flyers or leaflets – and maybe even the occasional newsletter (although the lack of multi-page support would seem to limit its usefulness in that regard). It can also be a handy tool for mocking up a website layout. One thing that unites all these tasks is the need to lay out sections of text, either as real content itself, or as a placeholder to indicate where the real content will go. The Text submenu offers a few extensions that may help. | ||
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+ | For placeholder text, it’s hard to beat the classic “lorem ipsum” prose – a passage of nonsensical Latin that has traditionally been used for this purpose. You could go online to one of the many lorem ipsum generators, then copy and paste the text into Inkscape, or you could just use the Text > Lorem Ipsum extension. A word of caution though: this extension produces flowed text, which makes it great for mocking up a website, but no good for actually putting online. Use the ‘Text’ > ‘Convert to Text’ menu option to fix it as normal, non-flowed text (see part 10 for more details).** | ||
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+ | Bien que Scribus soit un bien meilleur programme de publication par ordinateur (PAO), Inkscape est parfois mis à profit pour produire des prospectus et des dépliants, et parfois peut-être d' | ||
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+ | Pour la réserve de texte, il est difficile de battre la classique prose « lorem ipsum » - un passage de latin sans aucun sens qui est utilisé traditionnellement à cette fin. Vous pouvez aller sur Internet pour trouver l'un des nombreux générateurs de lorem ipsum, puis copier/ | ||
- | Exactly | + | **Perhaps |
- | Having removed all the groups in your document, you may now be faced with a whole load of individual objects that aren’t necessarily arranged the way you want them to be. Their position on the canvas should still be the same as it was when they were grouped, but their position | + | Conversely |
+ | Les services peut-être les plus utiles de ce sous-menu sont ceux qui traitent des petites quantités de texte déjà présentes dans un document. Si vous avez plusieurs morceaux de texte que vous voulez utiliser dans un autre programme, plutôt que les éditer individuellement pour les copier un par un dans le presse-papier, | ||
- | In normal operation, this extension changes the z-index on each element based on its coordinates. With the settings shown here, for example, the object whose top left corner (the Object Reference Point) is furthest to the left will be moved to the bottom of the stack, with each subsequent object from left to right being placed on top, until the object whose top left corner is furthest to the right is placed on the top. Changing the Restack Direction popup lets you change that left to right ordering so that the stacking runs from right to left, top to bottom, or bottom to top. If none of those suit, you can use the Custom tab to choose an angle that works with your design. For restacking objects that are more circularly arranged, there are even options for Radial Outward and Radial Inward. In short, this extension lets you trivially achieve this: | + | Inversement, vous pourriez vouloir regrouper plusieurs petits morceaux de texte en un seul objet dans Inkscape. Ce peut être le cas lors de l' |
- | If your objects are already stacked in a sensible order, there are really only two things | + | **The counterpoint to Merge is ‘Text’ > ‘Split Text’. This allows |
- | The Modify Path or Visualise Path submenus seems like good places to look for useful utilities, but so useful are the tools in them that many have been re-implemented as Live Path Effects in recent releases, and it’s usually best to use the LPE versions. Don’t forget you can use ‘Path’ > ‘Object to Path’ to “set” the results if you don’t want them to be “live”. For example, you can find both Envelope and Perspective extensions in the Modify Path submenu, each of which requires a source path to distort, and a four-node guide path to distort into. But they have different ideas about the order of the nodes in the guide path, and whilst Envelope will happily distort a group of paths, Perspective won’t, requiring you to ungroup and union the paths into a single object first. Far better to use the Perspective/ | + | As well as not being a great DTP program, Inkscape is also a pretty poor choice |
- | Although Scribus makes for a far better desktop publishing program, Inskcape is sometimes put to use for producing flyers or leaflets – and maybe even the occasional newsletter (although the lack of multi-page support would seem to limit its usefulness in that regard). It can also be a handy tool for mocking up a website layout. One thing that unites all these tasks is the need to lay out sections of text, either as real content itself, or as a placeholder to indicate where the real content will go. The Text submenu offers a few extensions that may help. | + | Le contraire de Fusionner est « Texte » > « Diviser du texte ». Ceci vous permet de briser un objet texte unique en plusieurs objets séparés, le découpant par ligne, par mot ou même par caractère. Toutefois, le style et la position du texte seront souvent perdus dans le traitement. Je l'ai utilisé par le passé dans une bande dessinée pour éclater une trop longue bulle de dialogue en lignes séparées ; elles peuvent ensuite être arrangées pour tenir dans deux ou trois bulles séparées, et Texte > Fusionner est utilisé pour repasser chaque groupe de lignes en un unique objet texte. |
- | For placeholder text, it’s hard to beat the classic “lorem ipsum” prose – a passage of nonsensical Latin that has traditionally been used for this purpose. You could go online to one of the many lorem ipsum generators, then copy and paste the text into Inkscape, or you could just use the Text > Lorem Ipsum extension. A word of caution though: this extension produces flowed text, which makes it great for mocking up a website, but no good for actually putting online. Use the ‘Text’ > ‘Convert to Text’ menu option to fix it as normal, non-flowed text (see part 10 for more details). | + | De même qu' |
- | Perhaps the most useful utilities in this submenu are those for dealing with small amounts | + | **As you may recall from part 15 of this series, when adding |
- | Conversely you might want to join several smaller pieces of text into a single object within Inkscape. This can be the case when importing a document from another program, as sometimes lines of a paragraph are stored as separate text elements in the SVG file. It seems to be a particular issue with PDF files. In this case, select all the text that should be joined and use Text > Merge. In almost all cases the standard settings are fine, and it will result | + | On the other hand, if you have a file with embedded images, the Images |
- | The counterpoint to Merge is ‘Text’ > ‘Split Text’. This allows you to break a single text object into several separate objects, splitting by line break, word break, or even into individual characters. The styling and positioning of the text will often be lost in the process, though. One use I’ve had for this in the past is to split a too-long speech bubble in a cartoon into separate lines; they can then be rearranged to fit over two or three individual bubbles, and Text > Merge used to turn each group of lines back into a single text object. | + | Comme vous pouvez vous souvenir de la partie 15, où, en ajoutant une image matricielle à Inkscape, vous aviez le choix, soit de l' |
- | As well as not being a great DTP program, Inkscape is also a pretty poor choice for dealing with raster images (also known as bitmap | + | En revanche, si vous avez un fichier avec des images |
- | As you may recall from part 15 of this series, when adding a raster image to Inkscape you have the choice to either embed it (in which case the raw bitmap data is included within your SVG file), or link to it (in which case the SVG contains the URL or path of the file). Embedding makes your SVG file more portable, at the expense of file size. Linking | + | **If you do see this, just right-click on it and select “Image Properties” |
- | On the other hand, if you have a file with embedded | + | When dealing |
- | If you do see this, just right-click on it and select “Image Properties” in the context | + | Si vous voyez ceci, il suffit de faire un clic droit dessus et sélectionner « Propriétés de l' |
- | When dealing with raster | + | Quand vous avez à faire à des images |
issue131/inkscape.1522510892.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2018/03/31 17:41 de auntiee