issue163:inkscape
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Prochaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue163:inkscape [2020/11/28 18:29] – créée auntiee | issue163:inkscape [2020/12/03 15:07] (Version actuelle) – andre_domenech | ||
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- | We start this month with a small correction. Last time, I said that the recent minor revision of Inkscape, version 1.0.1, hadn’t fixed any of the issues that I’d mentioned in recent articles. In fact it has addressed one problem that I described in part 100 of this series. In version 1.0, it was no longer possible to reverse a sub-path by selecting a single node and using Path > Reverse. Instead, you had to break the path apart, reverse the path in question, then combine all the paths again. Inkscape 1.0.1 reinstates the previous behaviour. In practice, this is a rarely used feature that really comes into its own only when dealing with fill-rules and self-intersecting paths, as I detailed in part 95, but it’s nice to see it fixed nevertheless. | + | **We start this month with a small correction. Last time, I said that the recent minor revision of Inkscape, version 1.0.1, hadn’t fixed any of the issues that I’d mentioned in recent articles. In fact it has addressed one problem that I described in part 100 of this series. In version 1.0, it was no longer possible to reverse a sub-path by selecting a single node and using Path > Reverse. Instead, you had to break the path apart, reverse the path in question, then combine all the paths again. Inkscape 1.0.1 reinstates the previous behaviour. In practice, this is a rarely used feature that really comes into its own only when dealing with fill-rules and self-intersecting paths, as I detailed in part 95, but it’s nice to see it fixed nevertheless. |
The remaining issues described in part 100 – problems with converting text to a path, and other issues with linked offsets – still remain in 1.0.1. As the workarounds to these can be a little tricky to follow, I’ve made a YouTube video that covers this topic in a more visual way. This is my first Inkscape tutorial video, so please leave a comment if you want to see more. | The remaining issues described in part 100 – problems with converting text to a path, and other issues with linked offsets – still remain in 1.0.1. As the workarounds to these can be a little tricky to follow, I’ve made a YouTube video that covers this topic in a more visual way. This is my first Inkscape tutorial video, so please leave a comment if you want to see more. | ||
+ | http:// | ||
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+ | Nous commençons ce mois-ci avec une petite correction. La dernière fois, j'ai dit que la récente révision mineure d' | ||
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+ | Les autres problèmes décrits dans la partie 100 - problèmes de conversion du texte en chemin et autres problèmes liés aux décalages - sont toujours présents dans la version 1.0.1. Comme les solutions de rechange à ces problèmes peuvent être un peu difficiles à suivre, j'ai réalisé une vidéo YouTube qui couvre ce sujet d'une manière plus visuelle. Il s'agit de ma première vidéo tutorielle sur Inkscape, alors n' | ||
http:// | http:// | ||
- | Now, back to the usual programming, | + | **Now, back to the usual programming, |
Reordered Toolbox | Reordered Toolbox | ||
Ligne 14: | Ligne 19: | ||
Color tools – for working with colors and gradients: Gradient tool, Mesh Gradient tool, Color Picker (Eye Dropper) tool, Fill tool (Bucket Fill) | Color tools – for working with colors and gradients: Gradient tool, Mesh Gradient tool, Color Picker (Eye Dropper) tool, Fill tool (Bucket Fill) | ||
Other tools – miscellaneous tools not included in the other sections: Tweak tool, Spray tool, Eraser tool, Connectors tool | Other tools – miscellaneous tools not included in the other sections: Tweak tool, Spray tool, Eraser tool, Connectors tool | ||
- | Canvas tools – for manipulating the canvas view: Zoom tool, Measurement tool | + | Canvas tools – for manipulating the canvas view: Zoom tool, Measurement tool** |
- | These are my descriptions, | + | Revenons maintenant au programme habituel, en regardant certains des changements et ajouts aux outils de dessin d' |
+ | |||
+ | Boîte à outils réorganisée | ||
+ | |||
+ | Bien qu' | ||
+ | ••Outils d' | ||
+ | ••Outils de forme, pour créer et modifier des formes géométriques : Rectangle et carré, Cercle et ellipse, Étoiles et polygones, Boîte 3D, Spirale. | ||
+ | ••Outils primitifs, pour créer des objets de base : Outil courbe de Bézier, Outil main libre (crayon), Outil calligraphie (stylo), Outil texte. | ||
+ | ••Outils de couleur, pour travailler avec des couleurs et des dégradés : Outil de gradient, Outil de gradient de maille, Outil de sélection de couleur (compte-gouttes), | ||
+ | ••Autres outils, outils divers non inclus dans les autres sections : Outil de mise au point, Outil de pulvérisation, | ||
+ | ••Outils de toile, pour manipuler la vue de la toile : Outil de zoom, Outil de mesure. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **These are my descriptions, | ||
Reordering Tools | Reordering Tools | ||
- | The order of the tools is now defined by an XML file that is read when Inkscape starts up. You can override this file by creating an edited copy in your user config directory. First you’ll need to find the paths for the shared folder (where the original file lives) and your user config directory. You can find the latter, and hints to the location of the former, by opening the Inkscape preferences dialog (Edit > Preferences) and selecting the System panel. | + | The order of the tools is now defined by an XML file that is read when Inkscape starts up. You can override this file by creating an edited copy in your user config directory. First you’ll need to find the paths for the shared folder (where the original file lives) and your user config directory. You can find the latter, and hints to the location of the former, by opening the Inkscape preferences dialog (Edit > Preferences) and selecting the System panel.** |
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+ | Ce sont mes descriptions, | ||
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+ | Outils de réorganisation | ||
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+ | L' | ||
- | Open a file manager, then navigate to the path shown in the “Inkscape data” field. That may well be a directory that’s shared with multiple programs, as is the case with the /usr/share value in my screenshot. Use the search facility in your file manager to find a file named “toolbar-tool.ui”, | + | **Open a file manager, then navigate to the path shown in the “Inkscape data” field. That may well be a directory that’s shared with multiple programs, as is the case with the /usr/share value in my screenshot. Use the search facility in your file manager to find a file named “toolbar-tool.ui”, |
On my machine I found the “toolbar-tool.ui” file in / | On my machine I found the “toolbar-tool.ui” file in / | ||
- | Once you’ve found the file, open a second file manager with the path from the “User config” field as its location. This should be pretty easy, as the Inkscape developers have provided a handy “Open” button right next to the field. | + | Once you’ve found the file, open a second file manager with the path from the “User config” field as its location. This should be pretty easy, as the Inkscape developers have provided a handy “Open” button right next to the field.** |
- | Create a “ui” folder in your user config location, if one doesn’t already exist. Copy the “toolbar-tool.ui” file into it, making sure that you definitely copy rather than move the file. | + | Ouvrez un gestionnaire de fichiers, puis naviguez jusqu' |
- | Quit Inkscape if it’s still running, and open the newly copied file using a text editor. It’s a fairly flat XML file which should be pretty self-explanatory. To move tools between groups simply re-order the lines in the file; to hide a tool completely, wrap it in “< | + | Sur ma machine, j'ai trouvé le fichier « toolbar-tool.ui » dans / |
- | This new capability may be particularly useful when using Inkscape on a machine with a smaller screen. If there’s insufficient height to draw all the tools in the toolbox, Inkscape | + | Une fois que vous avez trouvé le fichier, ouvrez un deuxième gestionnaire de fichiers avec le chemin d' |
- | Here’s | + | **Create |
- | Bézier Tool | + | Quit Inkscape if it’s still running, and open the newly copied file using a text editor. It’s a fairly flat XML file which should be pretty self-explanatory. To move tools between groups simply re-order the lines in the file; to hide a tool completely, wrap it in “< |
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+ | Créez un dossier « ui » dans votre emplacement de configuration utilisateur, | ||
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+ | Quittez Inkscape s'il est toujours en cours d' | ||
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+ | **This new capability may be particularly useful when using Inkscape on a machine with a smaller screen. If there’s insufficient height to draw all the tools in the toolbox, Inkscape moves any excess tools into a pop-up menu at the bottom of the box. By moving the tools around in this configuration file, you can ensure that less useful ones end up in the pop-up while those you use commonly are always just one click away. | ||
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+ | Here’s a quick bonus tip: there’s also a “toolbar-commands.ui” file in the same directory which can be used to re-order and hide entries in the main Inkscape toolbar.** | ||
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+ | Cette nouvelle fonctionnalité peut être particulièrement utile lorsque vous utilisez Inkscape sur une machine avec un écran plus petit. Si la hauteur est insuffisante pour dessiner tous les outils dans la boîte à outils, Inkscape déplace les outils en trop dans un menu contextuel en bas de la boîte. En déplaçant les outils dans ce fichier de configuration, | ||
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+ | Voici un petit conseil en prime : il existe également un fichier « toolbar-commands.ui » dans le même répertoire qui peut être utilisé pour réorganiser et masquer les entrées de la barre d' | ||
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+ | **Bézier Tool | ||
The Bézier tool’s control bar (above) has a button with the confusing tooltip of “Create a sequence of paraxial line segments”. | The Bézier tool’s control bar (above) has a button with the confusing tooltip of “Create a sequence of paraxial line segments”. | ||
- | In layman’s terms, this was the “draw only horizontal and vertical lines” mode. With this mode enabled, Inkscape would allow you to draw only an alternating sequence of horizontal and vertical lines. You could switch modes mid-path – if you wanted to switch to the “straight lines” mode to add a single off-axis segment, for example – but any parts drawn under the influence of this control could be only horizontal or vertical. | + | In layman’s terms, this was the “draw only horizontal and vertical lines” mode. With this mode enabled, Inkscape would allow you to draw only an alternating sequence of horizontal and vertical lines. You could switch modes mid-path – if you wanted to switch to the “straight lines” mode to add a single off-axis segment, for example – but any parts drawn under the influence of this control could be only horizontal or vertical.** |
- | With 1.0, the layman’s term for this button would now be the “draw perpendicular lines” mode. Now the segments are constrained by the first segment you draw: the second segment will be perpendicular to it (i.e. at a 90° angle to the first segment), the third segment will be perpendicular to the second (i.e. at the same angle as the first), and so on. The first path segment can be drawn at any angle, essentially turning this into a version of the previous paraxial mode, but with built-in rotation. | + | Outil de Bézier |
- | If you still require precise horizontal and vertical | + | La barre de contrôle de l' |
- | Once again, you can switch to other modes mid-way through drawing a sequence of path segments, but the behaviour might not quite be what you expect. Consider drawing a series of paraxial paths at, say, a 30° initial angle. If you require a series of horizontal and vertical paths to continue the sequence, you might think that you can switch to the “straight line” | + | En termes simples, il s'agit du mode « dessiner uniquement des lignes horizontales et verticales ». Lorsque ce mode était activé, Inkscape vous permettait de ne dessiner qu'une séquence alternée de lignes horizontales et verticales. Vous pourriez changer de mode à mi-chemin - si vous vouliez passer en mode « " |
- | In practice, the paraxial | + | **With 1.0, the layman’s term for this button would now be the “draw perpendicular lines” |
- | The workaround is to end your path, then start a new one. If the previous path is still selected, the Bézier tool lets you continue by starting your next line segment at the end node of the existing path. Each time you do this with paraxial mode enabled, the first segment you draw will be the reference segment for the remainder of that path. You can repeat this as many times as required to produce complex lines with differently oriented paraxial sections, interspersed with curves or lines at arbitrary angles. | + | If you still require precise horizontal and vertical segments, make sure to hold the Ctrl key when drawing the first segment. That will constrain the initial line to one of a fixed series of angles, defined in the Behaviour > Steps section of Inkscape’s preferences, |
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+ | Avec la version 1.0, le terme simple pour ce bouton devrait être désormais le mode « tracer des lignes perpendiculaires ». Les segments sont maintenant contraints par le premier segment que vous dessinez : le deuxième segment sera perpendiculaire à celui-ci (c' | ||
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+ | Si vous avez toujours besoin de segments horizontaux et verticaux précis, assurez-vous de maintenir la touche Ctrl enfoncée lorsque vous dessinez le premier segment. La ligne initiale sera ainsi contrainte à avoir une série fixe d' | ||
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+ | **Once again, you can switch to other modes mid-way through drawing a sequence of path segments, but the behaviour might not quite be what you expect. Consider drawing a series of paraxial paths at, say, a 30° initial angle. If you require a series of horizontal and vertical paths to continue the sequence, you might think that you can switch to the “straight line” mode, hold Ctrl to create your initial horizontal or vertical line, then switch back to paraxial mode to continue with further horizontal and vertical line segments. | ||
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+ | In practice, the paraxial mode remembers the initial path angle you used, not the most recent one. So, after switching back to paraxial mode, you would end up with further lines at 30° and 120°, not at the 0° and 90° you wanted. You can see this effect in the following example where the fourth segment was drawn vertically, but the fifth and subsequent segments are still constrained by the angle set with the very first segment.** | ||
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+ | À nouveau, vous pouvez passer à d' | ||
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+ | En pratique, le mode paraxial se souvient de l' | ||
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+ | **The workaround is to end your path, then start a new one. If the previous path is still selected, the Bézier tool lets you continue by starting your next line segment at the end node of the existing path. Each time you do this with paraxial mode enabled, the first segment you draw will be the reference segment for the remainder of that path. You can repeat this as many times as required to produce complex lines with differently oriented paraxial sections, interspersed with curves or lines at arbitrary angles. | ||
Calligraphy Tool | Calligraphy Tool | ||
- | There are two things that every sentence in this article has in common. Two basic rules of written English. They all start with a capital letter, and they all end with a punctuation character – usually a period (“full-stop” in British English), but often a question mark, exclamation mark, or colon. What all these characters have in common is that they require the ability to draw a dot. Given this fundamental requirement of written communication, | + | There are two things that every sentence in this article has in common. Two basic rules of written English. They all start with a capital letter, and they all end with a punctuation character – usually a period (“full-stop” in British English), but often a question mark, exclamation mark, or colon. What all these characters have in common is that they require the ability to draw a dot. Given this fundamental requirement of written communication, |
- | You could kind of fake it by drawing a small circular shape with the tool, but make the circle too small and Inkscape would ignore it, while too big resulted in a large misshapen splodge. With 1.0, the developers have added the ability to directly create a dot – but in a rather odd way that, in my opinion, doesn’t really address the underlying requirement. | + | La solution consiste à mettre fin à votre parcours, puis à en entamer un nouveau. Si le chemin précédent est toujours sélectionné, |
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+ | Outil de calligraphie | ||
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+ | Toutes les phrases de cet article ont deux choses en commun. Deux règles de base de l' | ||
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+ | **You could kind of fake it by drawing a small circular shape with the tool, but make the circle too small and Inkscape would ignore it, while too big resulted in a large misshapen splodge. With 1.0, the developers have added the ability to directly create a dot – but in a rather odd way that, in my opinion, doesn’t really address the underlying requirement. | ||
To draw a dot, you just have to click with the primary mouse button, as opposed to click-drag when drawing a calligraphic stroke. As that mouse button usually also maps to pressing the tip of the stylus on a graphics tablet, anyone trying to write some calligraphy using such a setup just needs to press the stylus down and up to draw a dot. It’s as simple and intuitive as can be. | To draw a dot, you just have to click with the primary mouse button, as opposed to click-drag when drawing a calligraphic stroke. As that mouse button usually also maps to pressing the tip of the stylus on a graphics tablet, anyone trying to write some calligraphy using such a setup just needs to press the stylus down and up to draw a dot. It’s as simple and intuitive as can be. | ||
- | You can also hold down the Shift key while performing the same operation to create a larger dot. Larger, in this case, means exactly twice the diameter of a small dot. | + | You can also hold down the Shift key while performing the same operation to create a larger dot. Larger, in this case, means exactly twice the diameter of a small dot.** |
- | The fact that I can easily tell you it’s exactly – not roughly – twice the diameter reveals the first problem with this new feature. Whereas calligraphic strokes are actually created as filled paths, these dots are created as circles. If you want to edit a stroke, double-clicking on it allows you to drag the individual nodes around. To do the same with a calligraphic dot, however, first requires a trip to the Path > Object to Path function. Without that step you’re limited to the changes that can be performed with the Circle tool. | + | Vous pouviez faire semblant en quelque sorte en dessinant une petite forme circulaire avec l' |
- | By rendering a circle, your dot is a pure shape, with no lumps, bumps or character to it. It doesn’t matter what your Calligraphy Tool settings are: you could be using the Wiggle or Splotchy preset, or have some custom values to create | + | Pour dessiner un point, il suffit de cliquer avec le bouton principal de la souris, par opposition au cliquer-glisser lors du dessin d'un trait calligraphique. Comme ce bouton de la souris correspond généralement aussi à la pression de la pointe du stylet sur une tablette graphique, toute personne essayant d' |
- | A far larger – or rather, smaller – problem is the size of the dots. They’re tiny! Even the large ones. Here are four examples: each is drawn using the Marker preset, with the width set to 25, 50, 75 and 100. In each case, I’ve drawn a single calligraphic stroke, followed by a standard dot, then a large dot. | + | Vous pouvez également maintenir la touche Shift enfoncée tout en effectuant la même opération pour créer un point plus grand. Plus grand, dans ce cas, signifie exactement deux fois le diamètre d'un petit point. |
- | As you might imagine, these don’t make for great titles | + | **The fact that I can easily tell you it’s exactly – not roughly – twice the diameter reveals the first problem |
- | It seems obvious to me that the dot sizes should be far closer to the width of the line. Perhaps 75% of the width for a small dot, and 150% for a large one. As it stands, this feature is mostly useless. You could scale the dots up after drawing, but they’ll still be pure circles with none of the character of your selected pen. And quite honestly, if you have to manually scale the circles anyway, then you may as well just draw them using the circle | + | By rendering a circle, your dot is a pure shape, with no lumps, bumps or character to it. It doesn’t matter what your Calligraphy Tool settings are: you could be using the Wiggle or Splotchy preset, or have some custom values to create a frantically random stroke, but your dots will always |
- | Circle Tool | + | Le fait que je puisse facilement vous dire qu'il est exactement - et non grossièrement - deux fois plus grand en diamètre révèle le premier problème de cette nouvelle caractéristique. Alors que les traits calligraphiques sont en fait créés comme des chemins remplis, ces points sont créés comme des cercles. Si vous souhaitez modifier un trait, un double-clic sur celui-ci vous permet de faire déplacer les nœuds individuels. Cependant, pour faire de même avec un point calligraphique, |
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+ | En restituant un cercle, votre point est une forme pure, sans bosses ou caractère. Peu importe les paramètres de votre outil de calligraphie : vous pouvez utiliser le préréglage Wiggle ou Splotchy, ou avoir des valeurs personnalisées pour créer un trait frénétiquement aléatoire, mais vos points seront toujours circulaires. Utiliser le préréglage Dip Pen pour un style de calligraphie classique, avec des lignes angulaires qui conviendraient à un point en forme de diamant ? Non, vous obtenez toujours un cercle. | ||
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+ | **A far larger – or rather, smaller – problem is the size of the dots. They’re tiny! Even the large ones. Here are four examples: each is drawn using the Marker preset, with the width set to 25, 50, 75 and 100. In each case, I’ve drawn a single calligraphic stroke, followed by a standard dot, then a large dot. | ||
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+ | As you might imagine, these don’t make for great titles with your punctuation marks, should you be using the Calligraphy Tool for, you know, actual calligraphy. In an example about as far from classic calligraphy as you can get, here’s some mouse-drawn text to demonstrate just how useless these dots would be for terminating a sentence.** | ||
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+ | Un problème beaucoup plus important - ou plutôt, plus petit - est la taille des points. Ils sont minuscules ! Même les plus gros. Voici quatre exemples : chacun est dessiné en utilisant le préréglage Marker, avec une largeur fixée à 25, 50, 75 et 100. Dans chaque cas, j'ai dessiné un seul trait calligraphique, | ||
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+ | Comme vous pouvez l' | ||
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+ | **It seems obvious to me that the dot sizes should be far closer to the width of the line. Perhaps 75% of the width for a small dot, and 150% for a large one. As it stands, this feature is mostly useless. You could scale the dots up after drawing, but they’ll still be pure circles with none of the character of your selected pen. And quite honestly, if you have to manually scale the circles anyway, then you may as well just draw them using the circle tool after completing the rest of your lines.** | ||
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+ | Il me semble évident que la taille des points doit être beaucoup plus proche de la largeur de la ligne. Peut-être 75 % de la largeur pour un petit point, et 150 % pour un grand. Dans l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Circle Tool | ||
On the subject of the circle tool, there’s been one small but welcome addition. As you probably know, you can move the round handles on a circle or ellipse to open the shape out, forming arcs (when the mouse is released inside the shape) and segments (when the mouse is released outside the shape). You can toggle between these, and a completely closed shape, from buttons in the tool control bar. | On the subject of the circle tool, there’s been one small but welcome addition. As you probably know, you can move the round handles on a circle or ellipse to open the shape out, forming arcs (when the mouse is released inside the shape) and segments (when the mouse is released outside the shape). You can toggle between these, and a completely closed shape, from buttons in the tool control bar. | ||
- | The new addition is the ability to create chords – arcs where the two ends are joined with a straight line. There doesn’t appear to be an on-canvas method for doing this, but if you create an arc or segment, you can switch it to a chord using a new button on the tool control bar. It’s a small addition, but good to have nevertheless. | + | |
+ | The new addition is the ability to create chords – arcs where the two ends are joined with a straight line. There doesn’t appear to be an on-canvas method for doing this, but if you create an arc or segment, you can switch it to a chord using a new button on the tool control bar. It’s a small addition, but good to have nevertheless.** | ||
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+ | L' | ||
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+ | En ce qui concerne l' | ||
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+ | La nouvelle addition est la possibilité de créer des cordes - des arcs où les deux extrémités sont jointes par une ligne droite. Il ne semble pas y avoir de méthode « sur le canevas » pour faire cela, mais si vous créez un arc ou un segment, vous pouvez le changer en corde en utilisant un nouveau bouton sur la barre de contrôle des outils. C'est un petit ajout, mais c'est quand même bien de l' | ||
issue163/inkscape.1606584558.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2020/11/28 18:29 de auntiee