issue166:ubuntu_au_quotidien
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Prochaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue166:ubuntu_au_quotidien [2021/02/27 17:02] – créée auntiee | issue166:ubuntu_au_quotidien [2021/03/04 15:27] (Version actuelle) – andre_domenech | ||
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- | The Way back at the dawn of time, around late 1982, a young man walked into a Radio Shack store at Town East Mall in Mesquite, Texas and was talked into getting his very first credit card, a Radio Shack branded one, in order to purchase a personal computer. With a whopping 16K of memory, Extended Color Basic for added power (especially increased graphics capability), | + | **Way back at the dawn of time, around late 1982, a young man walked into a Radio Shack store at Town East Mall in Mesquite, Texas and was talked into getting his very first credit card, a Radio Shack branded one, in order to purchase a personal computer. With a whopping 16K of memory, Extended Color Basic for added power (especially increased graphics capability), |
- | I enjoyed studying the manuals to learn BASIC, typing in and modifying programs from Creative Computing Magazine and its ilk, and just generally noodling around on it, even adapting a character generation program for Dungeons and Dragons that I had originally written for the aforementioned Timex Sinclair TS-1000. Really, though, I had a small handful of game cartridges from Radio Shack (some of which were reasonably fun), the tape adventure games Pyramid and Bedlam, and the few BASIC resource management games and simple simulation games I had typed in, and not much else. Nothing I had on the system was all that useful or interesting, except maybe the word processing cartridge Color Scripsit, which I used to do college papers for printout on my gigantic Centronics tractor-feed dot matrix printer. The machine was fun, sure, but nothing impressive or all that compelling. Until May of 1983. That was when The Rainbow entered my life, and I truly had no idea what a seminal moment it was going to be for me. It would truly accelerate my love of computing that served as the basis for most of my career, and still keeps me captivated to this day. | + | Il y a bien longtemps, vers la fin de 1982, un jeune homme est entré dans un magasin Radio Shack au centre commercial de Town East dans Mesquite, au Texas, où on l’a persuadé de demander sa toute première carte de crédit, de la marque |
- | The Rainbow was a Color Computer magazine that had already been going for 3 or 4 years before | + | **I enjoyed studying the manuals to learn BASIC, typing in and modifying programs from Creative Computing Magazine |
- | The CoCo, as it was affectionately nicknamed, actually had FOUR monthly print magazines around that time, Hot CoCo, The Rainbow, Color Computer News, and Color Computer Magazine, and that’s not even to mention that it also had magazines on tape every month, like Chromasette, | + | Étudier des manuels pour apprendre le BASIC, saisir et modifier des programmes trouvés dans Creative Computing Magazine et autres, et tout simplement m’amuser avec, m’ont beaucoup plu. J’ai même adapté un programme de génération de personnages pour Dungeons and Dragons que j’avais écrit au départ pour le sus-mentionné Timex Sinclair TS-1000. En fait, cependant, j’avais une petite poignée de cartouches de jeu de chez Radio Shack (dont quelques-uns étaient assez divertissants), les jeux d’aventure sur bande magnétique Pyramid et Bedlam, les quelques jeux de gestion des ressources et de simulation en BASIC que j’avais saisis et pas grand-chose d’autre. Rien de ce que j' |
- | CoCo Games | + | **The Rainbow was a Color Computer magazine that had already been going for 3 or 4 years before I discovered it. It had started out as a single page newsletter, written by Lonnie Falk and photocopied for its distribution of just a few copies to Lonnie’s friends and acquaintances. Within that extremely short time span of 3-4 years, The Rainbow grew to a 300+ page magazine on glossy paper, with a great deal of advertising and a lot of really fantastic editorial content, including programs, tutorials, reviews, and more. That 300 or so pages showed me some of the little machine’s truly impressive capabilities, |
- | I dove into that first Rainbow | + | Le Rainbow |
- | CoCo Emulation | + | **The CoCo, as it was affectionately nicknamed, actually had FOUR monthly print magazines around that time, Hot CoCo, The Rainbow, Color Computer News, and Color Computer Magazine, and that’s not even to mention that it also had magazines on tape every month, like Chromasette, |
- | Given my history with the CoCo, I still occasionally load up the great Windows Emulator VCC (Virtual | + | Le Coco, c’était son pseudo affectueux, avait en fait QUATRE magazines mensuels imprimés à cet époque, HotCoCo, The Rainbow, Color Computer News et Color Computer |
- | A Google search revealed that my best bet on Linux was probably going to be XROAR, an emulator for the (almost identical) CoCo 1 and 2 (there was a CoCo 3, but XROAR doesn’t emulate it), and the Tano Dragon 32/64 line of CoCo clones popular in Europe back in the CoCo’s heyday. I have installed the Mac OS X version of XROAR on some of my older Mac iBooks, so I have at least heard of it. However, it’s not in the default software repositories for Ubuntu, so we can’t install it using the normal install process (see Everyday Ubuntu on pages 29-30 of Full Circle Magazine #164 month before last for more general information on installing software). We’re going to need to explore some extended software management procedures for installing XROAR, but it still shouldn’t be overly difficult (he said, with no idea what he was in for). | ||
- | Ubuntu Repositories | + | **CoCo Games |
+ | |||
+ | I dove into that first Rainbow with relish and astonishment, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Jeux sur le CoCo | ||
+ | |||
+ | Je me suis plongé dans ce premier Rainbow avec délectation et étonnement, | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | **CoCo Emulation | ||
+ | |||
+ | Given my history with the CoCo, I still occasionally load up the great Windows Emulator VCC (Virtual Color Computer), and pull up some of my old games to play, an activity I enjoy enough to make me wonder why I don’t do it more often. Well, one reason is obvious: I don’t have a CoCo emulator on my Ubuntu machines, and I barely ever boot up any of my Windows machines any more. Having recently located a cache of Color Computer games in virtualized format, I am now feeling inspired to find a way to run them on Linux. As is often the case, this is turning out to be a real Ubuntu computing adventure.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Émulation du CoCo | ||
+ | |||
+ | Étant donné mon histoire avec le Coco, de temps en temps je charge encore le génial émulateur VCC (Virtual Color Computer) de Windows et choisis quelques-uns de mes vieux jeux pour y jouer ; c’est une activité qui me plaît tant que je me demande pourquoi je ne la fais pas plus souvent. Une des raisons est évidente : | ||
+ | |||
+ | **A Google search revealed that my best bet on Linux was probably going to be XROAR, an emulator for the (almost identical) CoCo 1 and 2 (there was a CoCo 3, but XROAR doesn’t emulate it), and the Tano Dragon 32/64 line of CoCo clones popular in Europe back in the CoCo’s heyday. I have installed the Mac OS X version of XROAR on some of my older Mac iBooks, so I have at least heard of it. However, it’s not in the default software repositories for Ubuntu, so we can’t install it using the normal install process (see Everyday Ubuntu on pages 29-30 of Full Circle Magazine #164 month before last for more general information on installing software). We’re going to need to explore some extended software management procedures for installing XROAR, but it still shouldn’t be overly difficult (he said, with no idea what he was in for).** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Une recherche sur Google m’a indiqué que, sous Linux, la meilleure possibilité était sans doute XROAR, un émulateur pour les (presque identiques) CoCo 1 et 2 (il y avait un CoCo 3, mais XROAR ne l’émule pas) et/ou la gamme Tano Dragon 32/64 de clones du CoCo, populaire en Europe pendant son apogée. J’ai déjà installé la version Mac OS X de XROAR sur certains de mes vieux Mac iBooks ; aussi, au moins, j’en ai entendu parler. Cependant, il ne se trouve pas dans les dépôts de logiciels pour Ubuntu par défaut et on ne peut pas l’installer en suivant le processus d’installation normal (voir Ubuntu au quotidien du FCM n° 164, pages 29-30, pour davantage d’informations générales sur l’installation de logiciels). Nous devrons explorer quelques procédés étendus de gestion de logiciels pour pouvoir installer XROAR, mais cela ne devrait pas être trop difficile (disait-il, sans avoir aucune idée de ce que cela impliquait). | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Ubuntu Repositories | ||
As an integral part of the software installation process in Linux, Ubuntu uses something called a repository. Repositories are on the ‘back-end’ of the software installation process, meaning when you tell Ubuntu that you want to install a piece of software, the information to do so, including the necessary files to download, is stored in a (typically online) virtual location where your system can go and retrieve those files and information. | As an integral part of the software installation process in Linux, Ubuntu uses something called a repository. Repositories are on the ‘back-end’ of the software installation process, meaning when you tell Ubuntu that you want to install a piece of software, the information to do so, including the necessary files to download, is stored in a (typically online) virtual location where your system can go and retrieve those files and information. | ||
- | Ubuntu has a pretty significant selection of software in its standard default repositories, | + | Ubuntu has a pretty significant selection of software in its standard default repositories, |
+ | |||
+ | Les dépôts Ubuntu | ||
+ | |||
+ | Comme partie intégrale du processus d’installation d’un logiciel sous Linux, Ubuntu utilise quelque chose qui s’appelle un dépôt. Les dépôts sont une partie invisible du processus d’installation d’un logiciel, ce qui signifie que, quand vous dites à Ubuntu que vous voulez installer un logiciel, les informations pour ce faire, y compris les fichiers nécessaires à télécharger, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le choix des logiciels dans les dépôts par défaut d’Ubuntu est très important, mais ils ne peuvent pas avoir absolument tout. Puisque XROAR ne se trouve pas dans les dépôts Ubuntu par défaut (ce qui signifie qu’on ne peut pas l’installer en utilisant tout simplement le procédé d’installation normal du Centre de logiciels Ubuntu, ni même le gestionnaire de paquets Synaptic, un gestionnaire secondaire d’installation de logiciels qui est vraiment très bien), nous devons trouver un dépôt pour XROAR et l’ajouter à ceux utilisés par notre système de gestionnaire de logiciels sous Ubuntu. | ||
- | Adding a New Repository | + | **Adding a New Repository |
A Google search revealed this support webpage for XROAR: https:// | A Google search revealed this support webpage for XROAR: https:// | ||
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sudo add-apt-repository ppa: | sudo add-apt-repository ppa: | ||
- | then hit < | + | then hit < |
- | sudo apt-get update | + | L’ajout d’un nouveau dépôt |
+ | |||
+ | Une recherche sur Google a donné cette page Web de support pour XROAR : https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | sudo add-apt-repository ppa: | ||
+ | |||
+ | puis appuyez sur < | ||
+ | |||
+ | **sudo apt-get update | ||
again hitting < | again hitting < | ||
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hit < | hit < | ||
- | then scroll down using the dots on the right side, clicking on the bottom-most to take us to our last page of installed software, where we will undoubtedly find XROAR. You can also hit the magnifying glass icon at the top to invoke the search function and search for XROAR, but it’s almost certain to be on the last page, considering the alphabetical order of the software listings. Click on XROAR and it will indeed launch. HUZZAH! But, there’s clearly a problem. Look at this screen: | + | then scroll down using the dots on the right side, clicking on the bottom-most to take us to our last page of installed software, where we will undoubtedly find XROAR. You can also hit the magnifying glass icon at the top to invoke the search function and search for XROAR, but it’s almost certain to be on the last page, considering the alphabetical order of the software listings. Click on XROAR and it will indeed launch. HUZZAH! But, there’s clearly a problem. Look at this screen:** |
- | Now, does that appear like even the most rudimentary functional computer? No, it clearly doesn’t, and indeed it isn’t. We’re missing something important here: the firmware. But first: | + | sudo apt-get update |
+ | |||
+ | et appuyez sur < | ||
+ | |||
+ | sudo apt-get install xroar | ||
+ | |||
+ | appuyez sur < | ||
+ | |||
+ | Puis faites défiler en vous servant des points sur le côté droit et cliquez sur celui tout en bas, ce qui nous amènera à notre dernière page des logiciels installés, où nous trouverons sans doute XROAR. Vous pouvez également cliquer sur l’icône d’une loupe en haut pour appeler la fonction de recherches et rechercher XROAR, mais c’est certain, ou presque, qu’il se trouve sur la dernière page, étant donné l’ordre alphabétique de la liste des logiciels. Cliquez sur XROAR et il se lancera. HOURRAH ! Mais, il est clair que nous avons un problème. Regardez cet écran : | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Now, does that appear like even the most rudimentary functional computer? No, it clearly doesn’t, and indeed it isn’t. We’re missing something important here: the firmware. But first: | ||
Basics of How to Load Software on a CoCo | Basics of How to Load Software on a CoCo | ||
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The CoCo had its operating software, a version of Microsoft Basic, on a pair of chips inside the computer, a ROM (Read Only Memory) chip for Color Basic, and another ROM chip for Extended Color Basic, which mostly added graphics and sound commands. The machine did not have a DOS, or Disk Operating System, by default, as disk systems at that time were a VERY expensive add-on that many computer owners did not have. Instead, software often came in solid state cartridges or on cassette tapes. | The CoCo had its operating software, a version of Microsoft Basic, on a pair of chips inside the computer, a ROM (Read Only Memory) chip for Color Basic, and another ROM chip for Extended Color Basic, which mostly added graphics and sound commands. The machine did not have a DOS, or Disk Operating System, by default, as disk systems at that time were a VERY expensive add-on that many computer owners did not have. Instead, software often came in solid state cartridges or on cassette tapes. | ||
- | The cartridges were plastic boxes containing | + | Est-ce que ça a l’air d’un ordinateur fonctionnel, même le plus rudimentaire ? |
- | Other software was frequently loaded from cassette tapes, via a cable running from a cassette deck to the computer. Cassettes were slow and cumbersome, but were much cheaper than diskettes. I myself purchased dozens upon dozens of cassette programs before I ever even considered getting a floppy drive, and I also had a fair number of CoCo cartridges into the bargain. | + | Les bases du chargement des logiciels sur un CoCo |
- | The CoCo did have a floppy diskette system that had a controller, in the form of a large cartridge, and the disk drive itself. These days, floppy disks are rarely-sighted dinosaurs even in the more utile and sophisticated form they eventually took on in the case of MS-DOS compatible and Windows computers. Many of them undoubtedly eventually wound up in landfills. When I bought my first ever computer floppy drive, for my CoCo 1, it cost $500. For reference, again, I made less than $5 an hour at my full-time job at the time, so it was a BIG investment. The floppy drive controller also had a ROM chipset, that stored a very basic DOS (Disk Operating System) for the CoCo, to manage and catalog the contents of your floppy diskettes. | + | Le Coco avait son propre système d’exploitation, une version de Microsoft Basic, sur deux puces à l’intérieur de l’ordinateur, une puce ROM (mémoire morte) pour Color Basic et une autre puce ROM pour Extended Color Basic, qui, principalement, ajoutait des graphismes et des commandes son. Par défaut, la machine n’avait pas de DOS, ou Disk Operating System, |
- | Finding the Firmware (or ROMs) | + | **The cartridges were plastic boxes containing a printed circuit board and a ROM chip, or chips, that plugged into a slot in the computer (in the CoCo’s case, on the right side), and basically turned the machine temporarily into a dedicated game console for a specific game (or rarely, a small handful of games on one cartridge), or an Editor/ |
+ | |||
+ | Les cartouches étaient des boîtes en plastique qui contenaient une carte avec des circuits imprimés et une, ou plusieurs, puce(s) ROM. Elles se branchaient sur un port dans l’ordinateur (pour ce qui concerne Coco, c’était du côté droit), et essentiellement transformaient la machine de façon temporaire, en une console de jeu dédiée à un jeu précis (ou, plus rarement, une petite poignée de jeux sur une seule cartouche), ou un Éditeur/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Other software was frequently loaded from cassette tapes, via a cable running from a cassette deck to the computer. Cassettes were slow and cumbersome, but were much cheaper than diskettes. I myself purchased dozens upon dozens of cassette programs before I ever even considered getting a floppy drive, and I also had a fair number of CoCo cartridges into the bargain. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The CoCo did have a floppy diskette system that had a controller, in the form of a large cartridge, and the disk drive itself. These days, floppy disks are rarely-sighted dinosaurs even in the more utile and sophisticated form they eventually took on in the case of MS-DOS compatible and Windows computers. Many of them undoubtedly eventually wound up in landfills. When I bought my first ever computer floppy drive, for my CoCo 1, it cost $500. For reference, again, I made less than $5 an hour at my full-time job at the time, so it was a BIG investment. The floppy drive controller also had a ROM chipset, that stored a very basic DOS (Disk Operating System) for the CoCo, to manage and catalog the contents of your floppy diskettes.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | D’autres logiciels étaient fréquemment chargés à partir de bandes magnétiques, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le Coco avait bel et bien un système de disquettes avec un contrôleur, | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | **Finding the Firmware (or ROMs) | ||
In order to get XROAR to work correctly, we’re going to have to find and install all three of the system ROMs, particularly since the DOS ROM required Extended Color Basic as a prerequisite. Without the ROMs, XROAR, or even a hardware CoCo, does not know how to do anything at all. | In order to get XROAR to work correctly, we’re going to have to find and install all three of the system ROMs, particularly since the DOS ROM required Extended Color Basic as a prerequisite. Without the ROMs, XROAR, or even a hardware CoCo, does not know how to do anything at all. | ||
- | There is a caveat here, the legality of using virtualized copies of the system ROMs in an emulator may be questionable, | + | There is a caveat here, the legality of using virtualized copies of the system ROMs in an emulator may be questionable, |
- | Consequently, | + | Trouver le firmware (ou ROM) |
+ | |||
+ | Afin de faire bien fonctionner XROAR, nous devons trouver et installer les trois ROM du système, surtout parce que la ROM DOS nécessitait Extended Color Basic comme prérequis. Sans les ROM, XROAR, ou même le matériel CoCo, ne sait pas comment faire quoi que ce soit. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Il y a un avertissement ici, car la légalité de l’utilisation de copies virtualisées des ROM du système dans un émulateur peut être contestable ; | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Consequently, | ||
+ | |||
+ | There was a time when unzipping files was something of a chore in Linux, but these days, on modern distributions, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Par conséquent, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Il fut un temps où l’extraction de fichiers était un peu fastidieux sous Linux, mais aujourd’hui, | ||
- | There was a time when unzipping files was something of a chore in Linux, but these days, on modern distributions, | ||
Click the Extract button in the upper left, then navigate to the desired location to unzip the files into the desired firmware ROM format of *.rom. | Click the Extract button in the upper left, then navigate to the desired location to unzip the files into the desired firmware ROM format of *.rom. | ||
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Where to Put the Firmware Files | Where to Put the Firmware Files | ||
- | Well, I hate to end on a cliffhanger, | + | Well, I hate to end on a cliffhanger, |
+ | |||
+ | Cliquez sur le bouton Extraire en haut à gauche, puis naviguer jusqu’à l’emplacement voulu pour dézipper les fichiers dans le format ROM du firmware, *.rom. | ||
+ | |||
+ | (Les captures d’écran me montrent en train d’extraire un logiciel précis pour le Coco et pas un fichier ROM, mais le procédé est le même.) | ||
+ | |||
+ | Cependant, en extrayant les fichiers ROM du système, je rencontrais un nouveau défi : après avoir passé pas mal de temps à chercher et à lire la documentation sur XROAR, je ne trouvais RIEN du tout concernant l’emplacement des ROM système où XROAR pouvait les trouver et les charger. J’ai trouvé de la documentation en ligne qui était censé être spécifiquement pour la version Linux de XROAR, mais elle n’avait toujours que des informations sur l’emplacement des fichiers firmware pour les versions Windows et MacOS. J’ai fait la même expérience quand j’ai parcouru les fichiers readme qui avaient été installés sur mon disque dur par la version spécifique pour Linux. Que faire ? | ||
+ | |||
+ | L’emplacement des fichiers du firmware | ||
+ | |||
+ | Bon. Je déteste terminer par un formidable suspense, mais je pense que j’ai utilisé presque tout l’espace cette fois-ci... | ||
issue166/ubuntu_au_quotidien.1614441754.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2021/02/27 17:02 de auntiee