issue178:inkscape
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue178:inkscape [2022/02/26 18:45] – d52fr | issue178:inkscape [2022/03/02 18:39] (Version actuelle) – d52fr | ||
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Ellipse from points | Ellipse from points | ||
- | If you’re a frequent user of LPEs, you may already be familiar with the “Ellipse by 5 points” effect (covered in part 69 of this series). As the name suggests, this draws an ellipse that passes through the first five nodes of a path. This new LPE does the same thing, and much, much more. In fact, the name really doesn’t do justice to the capabilities it offers, as it not only allows for the creation of ellipses, but also circles, arcs, and segments. Whereas the old LPE provides no parameters to control its output, this new one comes with quite a few, not all of which are enabled at the same time. | + | If you’re a frequent user of LPEs, you may already be familiar with the “Ellipse by 5 points” effect (covered in part 69 of this series). As the name suggests, this draws an ellipse that passes through the first five nodes of a path. This new LPE does the same thing, and much, much more. In fact, the name really doesn’t do justice to the capabilities it offers, as it not only allows for the creation of ellipses, but also circles, arcs, and segments. Whereas the old LPE provides no parameters to control its output, this new one comes with quite a few, not all of which are enabled at the same time.** |
- | Despite all these extra controls, however, the basic functionality is still pretty intuitive, and benefits hugely from applying any changes to the parameters or path shape interactively, | + | Ce mois-ci, je vais continuer à étudier les nouveaux Effets de Chemin Interactifs (ECI - en anglais, Live Path Effects - LPE) qui ont été ajoutés dans Inkscape 1.0.x et 1.1.x. |
- | **In this case, the effect draws a circle using the two nodes in the path as points | + | Ellipse à partir de points |
- | Again we have a circle, but this time it circumscribes the triangle created by the three nodes. Once more, dragging the nodes around the page will give you a good idea of how the size and position of the circle relates to the node positions. | + | Si vous êtes un utilisateur fréquent des LPE, vous connaissez peut-être déjà l' |
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+ | **Despite all these extra controls, however, the basic functionality is still pretty intuitive, and benefits hugely from applying any changes to the parameters or path shape interactively, | ||
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+ | In this case, the effect draws a circle using the two nodes in the path as points at either end of the circle’s diameter. Drag one of the nodes around, and the circle will scale and rotate accordingly. Let’s see what happens if our source path has three nodes, rather than two.** | ||
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+ | Toutefois, malgré toutes ces commandes supplémentaires, | ||
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+ | Dans ce cas, l' | ||
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+ | **Again we have a circle, but this time it circumscribes the triangle created by the three nodes. Once more, dragging the nodes around the page will give you a good idea of how the size and position of the circle relates to the node positions. | ||
With three nodes, some of the LPE parameters start to become useful to us. When enabled, the “Arc” checkbox draws an arc connecting the three nodes, rather than closing the whole circle. Enabling the “Other arc side” checkbox instead draws the “other” arc which forms the remainder of the original circle. “Slice arc” can be used with either type of arc to render it as a segment (i.e. a pie-chart “slice”) rather than an arc, by adding straight path segments that join the end nodes to the center of the circle.** | With three nodes, some of the LPE parameters start to become useful to us. When enabled, the “Arc” checkbox draws an arc connecting the three nodes, rather than closing the whole circle. Enabling the “Other arc side” checkbox instead draws the “other” arc which forms the remainder of the original circle. “Slice arc” can be used with either type of arc to render it as a segment (i.e. a pie-chart “slice”) rather than an arc, by adding straight path segments that join the end nodes to the center of the circle.** | ||
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+ | Nous avons à nouveau un cercle, mais cette fois-ci, il circonscrit le triangle créé par les trois nœuds. Une fois de plus, faire glisser les nœuds sur la page vous donnera une bonne idée de la façon dont la taille et la position du cercle sont liées aux positions des nœuds. | ||
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+ | Avec trois nœuds, certains des paramètres LPE commencent à nous être utiles. Lorsqu' | ||
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**With three nodes, more of the options in the “Method” pop-up menu will also work. The first two (“Auto ellipse” and “Force circle”) just produce the result we’ve already seen. “Isometric circle” treats the path as having straight line segments, even if it hasn’t, and uses the first two segments to define the edges of an isometric rectangle into which it fits an ellipse that appears as if a circle is rendered in that isometric projection. That sounds complex, but if you do much work with isometric or oblique projections, | **With three nodes, more of the options in the “Method” pop-up menu will also work. The first two (“Auto ellipse” and “Force circle”) just produce the result we’ve already seen. “Isometric circle” treats the path as having straight line segments, even if it hasn’t, and uses the first two segments to define the edges of an isometric rectangle into which it fits an ellipse that appears as if a circle is rendered in that isometric projection. That sounds complex, but if you do much work with isometric or oblique projections, | ||
Ligne 18: | Ligne 35: | ||
Adding a fourth node to our path is required for the remaining entry in the pop-up: “Perspective circle”. This treats your four nodes as defining a square in a perspective view, and renders a “circle” that fits within that square. This is perhaps most clearly demonstrated using a closed path arranged to give a classic perspective view.** | Adding a fourth node to our path is required for the remaining entry in the pop-up: “Perspective circle”. This treats your four nodes as defining a square in a perspective view, and renders a “circle” that fits within that square. This is perhaps most clearly demonstrated using a closed path arranged to give a classic perspective view.** | ||
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+ | Avec trois nœuds, un plus grand nombre d' | ||
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+ | Les deux dernières options de la fenêtre pop-up sont heureusement plus faciles à décrire : « Ellipse de Steiner » dessine une ellipse qui circonscrit le triangle créé par les trois nœuds, tandis que « Inellipse de Steiner » en dessine une qui l' | ||
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+ | L' | ||
**With the red lines removed, we can now also see what the remaining checkboxes do. The “Frame (isometric rectangle)” option will draw a bounding box around your circle or ellipse. By default this will be a rectangle, defined by the size of the major and minor axes of the ellipse, but you can use the “Axes rotation” spinbox to rotate the box around the ellipse, resulting in it becoming a parallelogram if the ellipse’s axes aren’t perfectly aligned with the global x and y axes. The “Axes” checkbox simply adds two lines, joining the mid-points of opposite sides of that bounding box in order to divide it into four equal areas. | **With the red lines removed, we can now also see what the remaining checkboxes do. The “Frame (isometric rectangle)” option will draw a bounding box around your circle or ellipse. By default this will be a rectangle, defined by the size of the major and minor axes of the ellipse, but you can use the “Axes rotation” spinbox to rotate the box around the ellipse, resulting in it becoming a parallelogram if the ellipse’s axes aren’t perfectly aligned with the global x and y axes. The “Axes” checkbox simply adds two lines, joining the mid-points of opposite sides of that bounding box in order to divide it into four equal areas. | ||
When the “Perspective circle” method is used, however, two alternative options become available. The “Perspective square” checkbox draws lines marking the “square” in perspective space that the “circle” is inscribing: essentially this draws a shape connecting all of the four nodes, even if the original path wasn’t a closed shape. The “Perspective axes” renders a pair of axes as they would appear in perspective, | When the “Perspective circle” method is used, however, two alternative options become available. The “Perspective square” checkbox draws lines marking the “square” in perspective space that the “circle” is inscribing: essentially this draws a shape connecting all of the four nodes, even if the original path wasn’t a closed shape. The “Perspective axes” renders a pair of axes as they would appear in perspective, | ||
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+ | Les lignes rouges ayant été supprimées, | ||
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+ | Toutefois, lorsque la méthode « Cercle de perspective » est utilisée, deux autres options sont disponibles. La case à cocher « Carré en perspective » dessine des lignes marquant le « carré » dans l' | ||
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**The image below compares the two types of bounding box and axes when used on the same perspective circle. The left shows the result of the “Frame” and “Axes” checkboxes, while the images on the right show the corresponding “Perspective” versions. In both cases, the top image shows a rotation of 0° whereas the bottom image shows the result of increasing that value to 15°. | **The image below compares the two types of bounding box and axes when used on the same perspective circle. The left shows the result of the “Frame” and “Axes” checkboxes, while the images on the right show the corresponding “Perspective” versions. In both cases, the top image shows a rotation of 0° whereas the bottom image shows the result of increasing that value to 15°. | ||
To complete our tour of the checkboxes, the “Source path” option does what you might expect: it renders a copy of the original source path as part of the output. Due to the nature of LPEs, the source path is drawn in the same style as the ellipse (and axes and bounding box, if used), so if you want it to appear differently – as I did in my examples – you’ll need to use a “Clone original” or “Fill between many” LPE on a sacrificial path in order to render it as a different object for styling purposes. For general use, however, enabling this option can make it a lot easier to see what’s going on with your ellipse as you interactively tweak it, even if you then turn it off again once things are positioned correctly.** | To complete our tour of the checkboxes, the “Source path” option does what you might expect: it renders a copy of the original source path as part of the output. Due to the nature of LPEs, the source path is drawn in the same style as the ellipse (and axes and bounding box, if used), so if you want it to appear differently – as I did in my examples – you’ll need to use a “Clone original” or “Fill between many” LPE on a sacrificial path in order to render it as a different object for styling purposes. For general use, however, enabling this option can make it a lot easier to see what’s going on with your ellipse as you interactively tweak it, even if you then turn it off again once things are positioned correctly.** | ||
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+ | L' | ||
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+ | Pour terminer notre tour d' | ||
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**Lastly, if we add a fifth node to our path (with Method set to “Auto ellipse”) we end up with the same result as the old LPE: an ellipse that circumscribes the five nodes. If you want full control over your ellipse, this is probably a better option than either of the Steiner methods. | **Lastly, if we add a fifth node to our path (with Method set to “Auto ellipse”) we end up with the same result as the old LPE: an ellipse that circumscribes the five nodes. If you want full control over your ellipse, this is probably a better option than either of the Steiner methods. | ||
There’s one final thing to mention regarding this LPE: the developers should be commended for putting the effort in to produce really useful tooltips. For example, if you can’t remember how many nodes your path needs for each different method, just hover your mouse over the pop-up for a useful reminder.** | There’s one final thing to mention regarding this LPE: the developers should be commended for putting the effort in to produce really useful tooltips. For example, if you can’t remember how many nodes your path needs for each different method, just hover your mouse over the pop-up for a useful reminder.** | ||
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+ | Enfin, si nous ajoutons un cinquième nœud à notre chemin (avec la méthode réglée sur « Ellipse auto »), nous obtenons le même résultat que l' | ||
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+ | Il y a une dernière chose à mentionner concernant cette LPE : les développeurs doivent être félicités pour avoir fait l' | ||
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**Offset | **Offset | ||
Ligne 36: | Ligne 74: | ||
Let’s look at an example. Here I’ve created a crescent shape by performing a Boolean difference operation between two circles. I’ve also adjusted the nodes of the bottom point very slightly in order to demonstrate some aspects of the LPE later on. In both these cases I’ve made a copy of the original shape in blue, but applied an offset to generate the red version. The left-hand image shows the result of the Path > Dynamic Offset feature, while the right-hand version shows the LPE equivalent. As you can see, they look identical.** | Let’s look at an example. Here I’ve created a crescent shape by performing a Boolean difference operation between two circles. I’ve also adjusted the nodes of the bottom point very slightly in order to demonstrate some aspects of the LPE later on. In both these cases I’ve made a copy of the original shape in blue, but applied an offset to generate the red version. The left-hand image shows the result of the Path > Dynamic Offset feature, while the right-hand version shows the LPE equivalent. As you can see, they look identical.** | ||
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+ | Décalage | ||
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+ | Le LPE Décalage est assez simple et fait ce que son nom suggère. Vous connaissez peut-être la fonction Chemin > Décalage dynamique qui place une poignée sur votre chemin que vous pouvez faire glisser pour ajuster la quantité de décalage, ce qui vous permet de créer une forme qui s' | ||
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+ | Prenons un exemple. Ici, j'ai créé une forme de croissant en effectuant une opération de différence booléenne entre deux cercles. J'ai également ajusté très légèrement les nœuds du point inférieur afin de démontrer plus tard certains aspects du LPE. Dans ces deux cas, j'ai fait une copie de la forme originale en bleu et j'ai appliqué un décalage pour générer la version rouge. L' | ||
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**If that was all there was to this LPE, it might still be useful as part of an effect chain, but not so much as an effect in its own right. But once we consider the various settings that it offers, it quickly becomes clear that the LPE offset is a far more powerful beast than what went before it. Let’s look at the available parameters. | **If that was all there was to this LPE, it might still be useful as part of an effect chain, but not so much as an effect in its own right. But once we consider the various settings that it offers, it quickly becomes clear that the LPE offset is a far more powerful beast than what went before it. Let’s look at the available parameters. | ||
Dealing with these out of order, the “Unit” pop-up should be pretty self-explanatory, | Dealing with these out of order, the “Unit” pop-up should be pretty self-explanatory, | ||
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+ | Si c' | ||
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+ | Le champ déroulant « Unité » devrait être assez explicite, il définit le type d' | ||
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**The “Join” pop-up has the most effect on the shape of the path. In the previous image it was deliberately set to “Rounded” to reproduce the effect of the Dynamic Offset feature, but here’s a demonstration of how each entry appears with this particular shape. | **The “Join” pop-up has the most effect on the shape of the path. In the previous image it was deliberately set to “Rounded” to reproduce the effect of the Dynamic Offset feature, but here’s a demonstration of how each entry appears with this particular shape. | ||
It’s worth noting that the result you’ll see is extremely dependent on the shape of your source path. In particular, look at the difference between the two pointed corners in the extrapolated joins, after making only minor tweaks to the nodes of the bottom point. As this shows, tight corners are a particular issue and increasing the “Mitre limit” value will allow some corners to appear that would otherwise be cut off. In the previous examples, increasing this value to 10, for example, allows most of the shapes to extend to give far more pointed ends. The main exceptions to this rule are the Beveled and Rounded types, which don’t take the mitre limit into account. The best option is usually to try each join type, and adjust the mitre limit and/or the individual nodes to get the result you want.** | It’s worth noting that the result you’ll see is extremely dependent on the shape of your source path. In particular, look at the difference between the two pointed corners in the extrapolated joins, after making only minor tweaks to the nodes of the bottom point. As this shows, tight corners are a particular issue and increasing the “Mitre limit” value will allow some corners to appear that would otherwise be cut off. In the previous examples, increasing this value to 10, for example, allows most of the shapes to extend to give far more pointed ends. The main exceptions to this rule are the Beveled and Rounded types, which don’t take the mitre limit into account. The best option is usually to try each join type, and adjust the mitre limit and/or the individual nodes to get the result you want.** | ||
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+ | Le champ déroulant « Raccord » est celui qui a le plus d' | ||
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+ | Il est important de noter que le résultat que vous obtiendrez dépendra fortement de la forme de votre chemin source. En particulier, | ||
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**The Extrapolated Arc join types are particularly interesting. These try to follow the curves of your path to form a more natural join, rather than just projecting straight lines as a mitre does. When working with curved paths, these are well worth trying. If, however, you really want to project the pointiest of mitred corners regardless of the mitre limit, choose any join type other than Beveled or Rounded, and check the “Force mitre” option. | **The Extrapolated Arc join types are particularly interesting. These try to follow the curves of your path to form a more natural join, rather than just projecting straight lines as a mitre does. When working with curved paths, these are well worth trying. If, however, you really want to project the pointiest of mitred corners regardless of the mitre limit, choose any join type other than Beveled or Rounded, and check the “Force mitre” option. | ||
Ligne 50: | Ligne 105: | ||
These two LPEs both offer features that are head-and-shoulders above the options that Inkscape provided previously, and the developers should be applauded for continuing to push the boundaries of what path effects are capable of.** | These two LPEs both offer features that are head-and-shoulders above the options that Inkscape provided previously, and the developers should be applauded for continuing to push the boundaries of what path effects are capable of.** | ||
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+ | Les types de raccords en Arc extrapolé sont particulièrement intéressants. Ils essaient de suivre les courbes de votre chemin pour former un joint plus naturel, plutôt que de projeter des lignes droites comme le fait un raccord. Lorsque vous travaillez avec des chemins courbes, ces types d' | ||
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+ | Enfin, il convient de noter que ce LPE fonctionne également avec des chemins ouverts, alors que la fonction de décalage dynamique les ferme automatiquement lorsque vous essayez de l' | ||
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+ | Ces deux LPE offrent tous deux des fonctionnalités qui dépassent de loin les options qu' | ||
issue178/inkscape.1645897544.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2022/02/26 18:45 de d52fr