issue183:inkscape
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Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue183:inkscape [2022/07/31 09:14] – d52fr | issue183:inkscape [2022/08/01 12:34] (Version actuelle) – auntiee | ||
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The good news is that the best LPEs can, in time, be promoted out of the “experimental” stage and into the suite of fully supported effects. Such is the case with the Boolean Operation effect, which was experimental in version 1.0, but received enough polish and stability fixes to make it to the big time in Inkscape 1.1.** | The good news is that the best LPEs can, in time, be promoted out of the “experimental” stage and into the suite of fully supported effects. Such is the case with the Boolean Operation effect, which was experimental in version 1.0, but received enough polish and stability fixes to make it to the big time in Inkscape 1.1.** | ||
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+ | Un aspect intéressant de la nouvelle boîte de dialogue de sélection des LPE (« Live Path Effects » - Effets de chemin intéractifs ou ECI) est un petit bouton à bascule à droite de la barre d' | ||
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+ | La bombe cerise a une longue histoire dans les interfaces d' | ||
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+ | La bonne nouvelle est que les meilleurs LPE peuvent, avec le temps, passer du stade « expérimental » à celui d' | ||
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**Boolean Operation | **Boolean Operation | ||
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With LPEs, things aren’t quite so simple when multiple paths are required. You can’t just select your two paths and add the effect. Instead, you have to begin by selecting your first operand path and add the Boolean Operation LPE to it in the normal manner. This will bring up the effect’s parameters: | With LPEs, things aren’t quite so simple when multiple paths are required. You can’t just select your two paths and add the effect. Instead, you have to begin by selecting your first operand path and add the Boolean Operation LPE to it in the normal manner. This will bring up the effect’s parameters: | ||
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+ | Opération booléenne | ||
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+ | Je vais supposer que toute personne lisant ceci connaît déjà les opérations booléennes existantes dans Inkscape, trouvées dans le menu Chemin. Si ce n'est pas le cas, vous pouvez lire la partie 7 de cette série, dans le numéro 67 du FCM ! En bref, les opérations booléennes prennent deux chemins et les manipulent de différentes manières - comme les joindre en un seul objet (l' | ||
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+ | Pour utiliser ces opérations à partir du menu Chemin, il suffit de sélectionner deux chemins, puis de choisir l' | ||
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+ | Avec les LPE, les choses ne sont pas aussi simples lorsque plusieurs chemins sont nécessaires. Vous ne pouvez pas simplement sélectionner vos deux chemins et ajouter l' | ||
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**With just one path, a boolean operation won’t do anything, so we need to add the second operand. This is done with the usual complex and frustrating method of copying it to the clipboard and “linking” it into the LPE: | **With just one path, a boolean operation won’t do anything, so we need to add the second operand. This is done with the usual complex and frustrating method of copying it to the clipboard and “linking” it into the LPE: | ||
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With two paths added, the actual result will largely depend on the value selected in the “Operation” pop-up menu. The “Swap operands” checkbox can be used to change Inkscape’s notion of which order the operands should be applied in (equivalent to swapping the z-index order when using the traditional boolean path operations). For some cases this will have no effect on the output. The image below gives you an idea of how these two controls work when applied to a pair of simple shapes.** | With two paths added, the actual result will largely depend on the value selected in the “Operation” pop-up menu. The “Swap operands” checkbox can be used to change Inkscape’s notion of which order the operands should be applied in (equivalent to swapping the z-index order when using the traditional boolean path operations). For some cases this will have no effect on the output. The image below gives you an idea of how these two controls work when applied to a pair of simple shapes.** | ||
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+ | Avec un seul chemin, une opération booléenne ne fera rien, nous devons donc ajouter le second opérande. Pour ce faire, la méthode habituelle, complexe et frustrante, consiste à le copier dans le presse-papiers et à le « lier » au LPE : | ||
+ | 1. Sélectionnez le chemin du second opérande sur le canevas. Cela désélectionnera le premier, vous perdrez donc l' | ||
+ | 2. Copiez le chemin sélectionné dans le presse-papiers (Ctrl-C). | ||
+ | 3. Sélectionnez à nouveau le premier chemin d' | ||
+ | 4. Cliquez sur le bouton « Lier à l' | ||
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+ | Notez que vous ne collez pas réellement le deuxième chemin dans le LPE, mais que vous utilisez plutôt cette technique alambiquée afin d' | ||
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+ | Avec deux chemins ajoutés, le résultat réel dépendra largement de la valeur sélectionnée dans le menu déroulant « Opération ». La case à cocher « Swap operands » (Intervertir les opérandes) peut être utilisée pour modifier la notion d' | ||
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**At the top of the image is the original pair of paths. In each case, the LPE was applied to the orange square, with the teal circle being linked via the clipboard. The columns below show the effect of applying each operation, with the top object being the default output, and the bottom one showing the effect of ticking the “Swap Operands” checkbox. | **At the top of the image is the original pair of paths. In each case, the LPE was applied to the orange square, with the teal circle being linked via the clipboard. The columns below show the effect of applying each operation, with the top object being the default output, and the bottom one showing the effect of ticking the “Swap Operands” checkbox. | ||
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The results are fairly self-explanatory, | The results are fairly self-explanatory, | ||
- | One significant difference between the historical boolean operations and this LPE is with the output from the Division operation. With the old-style path operations the result is a pair of objects which can be dragged apart. You can see this in the image below, which shows the original objects, the immediate result of the Path > Division operation, and the effect of dragging the top-right object away.** | + | One significant difference between the historical boolean operations and this LPE is with the output from the Division operation. With the old-style path operations the result is a pair of objects which can be dragged apart. You can see this in the image below, which shows the original objects, the immediate result of the Path > Division operation, and the effect of dragging the top-right object away. |
- | **With the LPE version, the initial output looks similar, however trying to move the top-right part actually just changes the position of the second operand path. In order to separate the parts (i.e. to actually divide them), you have to take the additional step of “fixing” the LPE by using Path > Object to Path. Of course, once you’ve done that, you no longer have the benefit of any “liveness”, | + | With the LPE version, the initial output looks similar, however trying to move the top-right part actually just changes the position of the second operand path. In order to separate the parts (i.e. to actually divide them), you have to take the additional step of “fixing” the LPE by using Path > Object to Path. Of course, once you’ve done that, you no longer have the benefit of any “liveness”, |
- | Moving on with the parameters for the effect, next we have a checkbox labelled “Remove Inner” – but only if you’re using version 1.1. This checkbox only had an effect on some operations that were ultimately removed from this LPE for the 1.1 release due to stability issues, so there’s no need to consider it further. It’s been removed entirely from Inkscape version 1.2. | + | En haut de l' |
- | The last two parameters concern the fill rule which is applied to each path. The first pop-up governs the path that the LPE is applied to, while the second is for the one added via the clipboard. Fill rules are one of the more obscure parts of vector graphics, and essentially set the rules for how complex paths with self-intersections or sub-paths should be treated when applying the fill color. You may have encountered them via the toggle buttons in the Fill & Stroke dialog (see part 95 of this series, in FCM #155).** | + | Les résultats sont assez explicites, surtout si vous êtes déjà familiarisé avec les opérations booléennes standard d' |
- | **In this image, you can see what happens when I turn the original objects into complex paths with several sub-paths. The top image shows the objects with no LPE applied (with the “evenodd” fill rule applied via the Fill & Stroke dialog). The second image shows the effect of applying the “Symmetric Difference” (aka Exclusion) effect with both pop-ups set to “non-zero”; | + | Une différence significative entre les opérations booléennes historiques et ce LPE concerne la sortie de l' |
- | In my experience, the “positive” option just makes the objects disappear, but that might simply be an effect of the paths I’m using. The “take from object” option honours the setting in the Fill & Stroke dialog, so, in this case, the output is the same as the bottom image. My advice is to leave these pop-ups set to “take from object”, and only fiddle with them if you have complex paths and aren’t getting the result you would like in terms of the areas being filled. | + | Avec la version du LPE, le résultat initial est similaire, mais en essayant de déplacer la partie supérieure droite, on ne fait que changer la position du deuxième chemin opérande. Afin de séparer les parties (c' |
- | As we’ve seen, the Boolean Operation effect will accept only two paths: the first operand (on which the LPE is applied) and the second operand (added via the clipboard). This is unlike some other LPEs which allow you to add multiple linked paths into a list. This is a shame, because some boolean operations could easily be extended to multiple objects, while others could simply treat a list of paths as a sequence of operands, applying them one at a time to the output from the previous operation. Instead, should you wish to apply multiple boolean operations using this LPE, you’ll have to add several instances of it to your effects list. In itself, this isn’t a problem, but you can quickly end up with a series of entries, all just labelled as “Boolean operation”, | ||
- | **Personally, I’m more likely to stick to the old-fashioned boolean operations. While it’s great to have a “live” version | + | **Moving on with the parameters for the effect, next we have a checkbox labelled |
- | Slice | + | The last two parameters concern the fill rule which is applied to each path. The first pop-up governs the path that the LPE is applied to, while the second is for the one added via the clipboard. Fill rules are one of the more obscure parts of vector graphics, and essentially set the rules for how complex paths with self-intersections or sub-paths should be treated when applying the fill color. You may have encountered them via the toggle buttons in the Fill & Stroke dialog (see part 95 of this series, in FCM #155). |
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+ | In this image, you can see what happens when I turn the original objects into complex paths with several sub-paths. The top image shows the objects with no LPE applied (with the “evenodd” fill rule applied via the Fill & Stroke dialog). The second image shows the effect of applying the “Symmetric Difference” (aka Exclusion) effect with both pop-ups set to “non-zero”; | ||
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+ | En ce qui concerne les paramètres de l' | ||
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+ | Les deux derniers paramètres concernent la règle de remplissage qui est appliquée à chaque chemin. Le premier pop-up régit le chemin sur lequel le LPE est appliqué, tandis que le second est pour celui ajouté via le presse-papiers. Les règles de remplissage sont l'une des parties les plus obscures des dessins vectoriels et définissent essentiellement les règles de traitement des chemins complexes avec des auto-intersections ou des sous-chemins lors de l' | ||
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+ | Dans cette image, vous pouvez voir ce qui se passe lorsque je transforme les objets originaux en chemins complexes avec plusieurs sous-chemins. L' | ||
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+ | **In my experience, the “positive” option just makes the objects disappear, but that might simply be an effect of the paths I’m using. The “take from object” option honours the setting in the Fill & Stroke dialog, so, in this case, the output is the same as the bottom image. My advice is to leave these pop-ups set to “take from object”, and only fiddle with them if you have complex paths and aren’t getting the result you would like in terms of the areas being filled. | ||
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+ | As we’ve seen, the Boolean Operation effect will accept only two paths: the first operand (on which the LPE is applied) and the second operand (added via the clipboard). This is unlike some other LPEs which allow you to add multiple linked paths into a list. This is a shame, because some boolean operations could easily be extended to multiple objects, while others could simply treat a list of paths as a sequence of operands, applying them one at a time to the output from the previous operation. Instead, should you wish to apply multiple boolean operations using this LPE, you’ll have to add several instances of it to your effects list. In itself, this isn’t a problem, but you can quickly end up with a series of entries, all just labelled as “Boolean operation”, | ||
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+ | Personally, I’m more likely to stick to the old-fashioned boolean operations. While it’s great to have a “live” version of these, allowing for subsequent tweaks and changes, the means of applying them is a little fiddly (as with all multi-path LPEs, to be fair), and their liveness means that they not only require more processing power to display, but are also more likely to expose bugs in the implementation (I suffered several hard crashes while creating the screenshots for this article!). LPEs also aren’t recognised by other applications, | ||
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+ | D' | ||
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+ | Comme nous l' | ||
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+ | Personnellement, | ||
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+ | **Slice | ||
For many use cases, the Slice LPE will likely give a better result than the Boolean Operation effect in Division mode. As noted above, this mode does not actually produce separate objects until you “fix” the effect. The Slice effect, on the other hand, does split your object into two separate parts that can be moved, and even styled, independently of each other. It is limited to splitting along a straight line, however, so the “square and circle” example I used for Division can’t be replicated using Slice. | For many use cases, the Slice LPE will likely give a better result than the Boolean Operation effect in Division mode. As noted above, this mode does not actually produce separate objects until you “fix” the effect. The Slice effect, on the other hand, does split your object into two separate parts that can be moved, and even styled, independently of each other. It is limited to splitting along a straight line, however, so the “square and circle” example I used for Division can’t be replicated using Slice. | ||
- | It’s a pretty easy LPE to use. Just select your object and add the effect. The object will be broken into two with a vertical split down the middle, and the two parts can be moved and styled separately, as shown in this simple example of applying the Slice LPE to a star.** | + | It’s a pretty easy LPE to use. Just select your object and add the effect. The object will be broken into two with a vertical split down the middle, and the two parts can be moved and styled separately, as shown in this simple example of applying the Slice LPE to a star. |
- | **The parameters for this effect are pretty simple, too. | + | The parameters for this effect are pretty simple, too. |
The three buttons do exactly what you would expect from their labels: | The three buttons do exactly what you would expect from their labels: | ||
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• Use a horizontal slicing line | • Use a horizontal slicing line | ||
- | I’ve used the term “slicing line” to indicate that this is a straight line, not an SVG-style path that could have corners and curves. But you’re not limited to horizontal and vertical slicing: the coordinate boxes below can be used to set any start and end points for the line, allowing angled slicing lines to be used as well. In practice, nobody is likely to fill in the numbers here, though, as you can switch to the Node tool (F2) in order to move and rotate the slicing line on-canvas instead. This approach makes it easy and intuitive to adjust the line to suit your needs. | + | I’ve used the term “slicing line” to indicate that this is a straight line, not an SVG-style path that could have corners and curves. But you’re not limited to horizontal and vertical slicing: the coordinate boxes below can be used to set any start and end points for the line, allowing angled slicing lines to be used as well. In practice, nobody is likely to fill in the numbers here, though, as you can switch to the Node tool (F2) in order to move and rotate the slicing line on-canvas instead. This approach makes it easy and intuitive to adjust the line to suit your needs.** |
- | The “Allow Transforms” checkbox is a vital part of this effect – and one you’ll most likely want to leave enabled all the time. If this is unchecked then you won’t be able to move the individual parts around (nor skew, scale or rotate them). They’ll stay in their original location, relative to the source path, which may be useful if you want to style only parts of the shape differently, | + | Camembert |
- | **If you do want your shape cut into more than two parts you can apply the Slice effect more than once. Here’s how our star looks with an additional set of angled slicing lines applied to each half, and a bit more variation in the styling. | + | Pour de nombreux cas d' |
+ | C'est un LPE assez facile à utiliser. Il suffit de sélectionner votre objet et d' | ||
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+ | Les paramètres de cet effet sont également très simples. | ||
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+ | Les trois boutons font exactement ce que vous attendez de leurs étiquettes : | ||
+ | ••Supprimer toutes les modifications de style qui ont été appliquées aux parties individuelles. | ||
+ | ••Utiliser une ligne de découpage verticale | ||
+ | ••Utiliser une ligne de découpage horizontale | ||
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+ | J'ai utilisé le terme « ligne de découpe » pour indiquer qu'il s'agit d'une ligne droite, et non d'un chemin de style SVG qui pourrait avoir des angles et des courbes. Mais vous n' | ||
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+ | **The “Allow Transforms” checkbox is a vital part of this effect – and one you’ll most likely want to leave enabled all the time. If this is unchecked then you won’t be able to move the individual parts around (nor skew, scale or rotate them). They’ll stay in their original location, relative to the source path, which may be useful if you want to style only parts of the shape differently, | ||
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+ | If you do want your shape cut into more than two parts you can apply the Slice effect more than once. Here’s how our star looks with an additional set of angled slicing lines applied to each half, and a bit more variation in the styling. | ||
Of course, the Slice LPE can be combined with other effects. Here are our earlier complex paths, with the Boolean Operation effect applied (“Symmetric Difference” mode, “even-odd” for both operands), followed by a pair of Slice effects to produce four complex paths, each with a different fill color. | Of course, the Slice LPE can be combined with other effects. Here are our earlier complex paths, with the Boolean Operation effect applied (“Symmetric Difference” mode, “even-odd” for both operands), followed by a pair of Slice effects to produce four complex paths, each with a different fill color. | ||
After several months, we’re now finished with the new LPEs that were added in Inkscape 1.0 and 1.1 (and that’s without considering the experimental ones!). But we’re not quite done yet: next month, I’ll take a look at some important new features that were added to an existing LPE, before moving on to the new extensions that were added in version 1.0.** | After several months, we’re now finished with the new LPEs that were added in Inkscape 1.0 and 1.1 (and that’s without considering the experimental ones!). But we’re not quite done yet: next month, I’ll take a look at some important new features that were added to an existing LPE, before moving on to the new extensions that were added in version 1.0.** | ||
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+ | La case à cocher « Autoriser les transformations » est un élément essentiel de cet effet - et vous voudrez probablement la laisser activée en permanence. Si elle n'est pas cochée, vous ne pourrez pas déplacer les pièces individuelles (ni les incliner, les mettre à l' | ||
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+ | Si vous souhaitez que votre forme soit coupée en plus de deux parties, vous pouvez appliquer l' | ||
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+ | Bien entendu, le LPE Camembert peut être combiné à d' | ||
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+ | Après plusieurs mois, nous en avons maintenant terminé avec les nouveaux LPE qui ont été ajoutés dans Inkscape 1.0 et 1.1 (et c'est sans compter les expérimentaux !). Mais nous n' | ||
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Linux users using the snap packaging format will once again be able to import and export images. Windows users will now see the correct Inkscape version image on install, while users of macOS 10.13-10.15 will be able to open extensions without them crashing.** | Linux users using the snap packaging format will once again be able to import and export images. Windows users will now see the correct Inkscape version image on install, while users of macOS 10.13-10.15 will be able to open extensions without them crashing.** | ||
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+ | Mise à jour de Inkscape.org | ||
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+ | La version importante d' | ||
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+ | Nous venons de résoudre certains problèmes critiques dans Inkscape 1.2 qui ont été identifiés par notre communauté. Si vous utilisez actuellement Inkscape 1.2, il s'agit d'une mise à jour importante à installer sur votre appareil. | ||
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+ | Elle fournit une correction pour un certain nombre de bogues critiques dans la version 1.2 : | ||
+ | ••les données de dessin concernant les filtres, les marqueurs, les dégradés et autres, sont désormais enregistrées dans un fichier après une simple séquence de copier-coller-annuler avec la boîte de dialogue d' | ||
+ | ••le démarrage est plus fluide lorsque de nombreuses polices sont installées, | ||
+ | ••les objets tramés (filtrés) apparaissent désormais sur toutes les pages d'un document multipage exporté au format PDF. | ||
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+ | Cette version rétablit la capacité intégrée d' | ||
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+ | Les utilisateurs de Linux utilisant le paquet snap pourront à nouveau importer et exporter des images. Les utilisateurs de Windows verront désormais l' | ||
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issue183/inkscape.1659251697.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2022/07/31 09:14 de d52fr