issue207:inkscape
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue207:inkscape [2024/07/30 07:41] – d52fr | issue207:inkscape [2024/08/01 14:48] (Version actuelle) – auntiee | ||
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First a reminder about patterns in general, as they’re not a feature that all users have a lot of experience with. The short, technical explanation is that a pattern is a section of SVG content that can be used in place of a color or gradient for the fill or stroke of an object, and which will automatically be tiled in both the horizontal and vertical directions if it’s not large enough to fill the required space. Inkscape comes with a large number of built-in patterns, and it’s those I’ll focus on in this article. If you need something else, however, you can create your own patterns by selecting one or more objects in your image, and using the Object > Pattern > Objects to Pattern menu entry.** | First a reminder about patterns in general, as they’re not a feature that all users have a lot of experience with. The short, technical explanation is that a pattern is a section of SVG content that can be used in place of a color or gradient for the fill or stroke of an object, and which will automatically be tiled in both the horizontal and vertical directions if it’s not large enough to fill the required space. Inkscape comes with a large number of built-in patterns, and it’s those I’ll focus on in this article. If you need something else, however, you can create your own patterns by selecting one or more objects in your image, and using the Object > Pattern > Objects to Pattern menu entry.** | ||
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+ | L'un des changements les plus appréciés de la version 1.3 d' | ||
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+ | Tout d' | ||
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**Let’s look at adding a pattern to the fill of a rectangle. In this screenshot of the Fill & Stroke dialog, the object currently has a solid red fill. I’ve drawn a red circle around the button that switches from a flat color fill to a pattern fill, and there’s a similar button on the ‘Stroke paint’ tab. | **Let’s look at adding a pattern to the fill of a rectangle. In this screenshot of the Fill & Stroke dialog, the object currently has a solid red fill. I’ve drawn a red circle around the button that switches from a flat color fill to a pattern fill, and there’s a similar button on the ‘Stroke paint’ tab. | ||
Ligne 8: | Ligne 13: | ||
Opening that pop-up presents a long list of pattern names, consisting mostly of stripes of different ratios, some polka dots, a few miscellaneous vector entries, and three bitmap designs. But one thing that’s conspicuous by its absence is any sort of preview of each pattern – you have to just apply each of them to your shape in turn to see what they look like. That’s it for the UI in the dialog. There are some on-canvas handles for repositioning and sizing the pattern (more on those later), but in terms of selecting a pattern you just pick the name from a list and hope for the best.** | Opening that pop-up presents a long list of pattern names, consisting mostly of stripes of different ratios, some polka dots, a few miscellaneous vector entries, and three bitmap designs. But one thing that’s conspicuous by its absence is any sort of preview of each pattern – you have to just apply each of them to your shape in turn to see what they look like. That’s it for the UI in the dialog. There are some on-canvas handles for repositioning and sizing the pattern (more on those later), but in terms of selecting a pattern you just pick the name from a list and hope for the best.** | ||
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+ | Voyons comment ajouter un motif au remplissage d'un rectangle. Dans cette capture d' | ||
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+ | En cliquant sur ce bouton dans une ancienne version d' | ||
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+ | L' | ||
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**Compared with that sparse interface, 1.3 offers a wealth of controls and previews, to the point that it’s almost overwhelming! | **Compared with that sparse interface, 1.3 offers a wealth of controls and previews, to the point that it’s almost overwhelming! | ||
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With so much more to show, you may find that there’s even a scrollbar to let you access all of it if you have the dialog sized too small. Below this UI you’ll also find the Blend Mode, Blur, and Opacity controls that are common across all the fill types, so fitting the entire Fill & Stroke UI on screen at once requires quite a bit of vertical space and is likely to require some scrolling up and down on a smaller screen. | With so much more to show, you may find that there’s even a scrollbar to let you access all of it if you have the dialog sized too small. Below this UI you’ll also find the Blend Mode, Blur, and Opacity controls that are common across all the fill types, so fitting the entire Fill & Stroke UI on screen at once requires quite a bit of vertical space and is likely to require some scrolling up and down on a smaller screen. | ||
- | Let’s break down the various parts of this UI to make more sense of the features that are now exposed, starting from the top:** | + | Let’s break down the various parts of this UI to make more sense of the features that are now exposed, starting from the top: |
- | **After the ‘Pattern fill’ label, the first actual control is a button with a gear icon which opens a pop-up with a couple of settings. The first of these is a checkbox to turn on or off the display of the pattern names below each swatch. Personally I find that displaying the names is largely useless, as you may see only the first few characters, which are often identical across multiple different patterns. Hovering over a swatch displays the full name in a tooltip, so if you just want to know or memorize the names of your most commonly used patterns, there’s little need to have them permanently displayed. | + | After the ‘Pattern fill’ label, the first actual control is a button with a gear icon which opens a pop-up with a couple of settings. The first of these is a checkbox to turn on or off the display of the pattern names below each swatch. Personally I find that displaying the names is largely useless, as you may see only the first few characters, which are often identical across multiple different patterns. Hovering over a swatch displays the full name in a tooltip, so if you just want to know or memorize the names of your most commonly used patterns, there’s little need to have them permanently displayed.** |
- | With the slider in this pop-up you can adjust the size of the pattern swatches (referred to as ‘tiles’). Larger tiles show more of the pattern content (and more characters in the name, if you have enabled that option), but reduces the number of swatches that are visible at once. Inkscape tries to update the dialog live as you move this slider: on my machine this was jerky, hanging the UI for a second or two with each re-render. I advise dragging the slider very slowly to allow the application to keep up, especially when trying to finetune the tile size to your exact preference.** | + | Par rapport à cette interface réduite, la version 1.3 offre une multitude de contrôles et d' |
- | **Next to the gear button is a search field for filtering the displayed swatches based on their name. With the number of patterns in Inkscape at the moment it seems unlikely that much use will be made of this feature. Perhaps if many more designs are added in a future release, this will make more sense. | + | Il y a même une barre de défilement pour vous permettre d' |
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+ | Décomposons les différentes parties de cette interface utilisateur pour mieux comprendre les fonctionnalités qui sont maintenant exposées, en commençant par le haut : | ||
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+ | Après l' | ||
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+ | **With the slider in this pop-up you can adjust the size of the pattern swatches (referred to as ‘tiles’). Larger tiles show more of the pattern content (and more characters in the name, if you have enabled that option), but reduces the number of swatches that are visible at once. Inkscape tries to update the dialog live as you move this slider: on my machine this was jerky, hanging the UI for a second or two with each re-render. I advise dragging the slider very slowly to allow the application to keep up, especially when trying to finetune the tile size to your exact preference. | ||
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+ | Next to the gear button is a search field for filtering the displayed swatches based on their name. With the number of patterns in Inkscape at the moment it seems unlikely that much use will be made of this feature. Perhaps if many more designs are added in a future release, this will make more sense. | ||
The remainder of this top section is taken up by a box that shows a swatch for each pattern that is used in the current document. Note that this is one swatch per pattern, not per object using a pattern. If you use the exact same pattern on, say, five different objects it will still appear in here only once. Clicking one of these swatches will apply the pattern to the currently selected object(s) – but make sure you read the rest of this article to understand the difference between picking a pattern here versus the next box of tiles, as they don’t do quite the same thing.** | The remainder of this top section is taken up by a box that shows a swatch for each pattern that is used in the current document. Note that this is one swatch per pattern, not per object using a pattern. If you use the exact same pattern on, say, five different objects it will still appear in here only once. Clicking one of these swatches will apply the pattern to the currently selected object(s) – but make sure you read the rest of this article to understand the difference between picking a pattern here versus the next box of tiles, as they don’t do quite the same thing.** | ||
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+ | Le curseur de cette fenêtre contextuelle vous permet de régler la taille des échantillons de motifs (appelés « tuiles »). Des tuiles plus grandes affichent une plus grande partie du contenu du motif (et plus de caractères dans le nom, si vous avez activé cette option), mais réduisent le nombre d' | ||
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+ | À côté du bouton d' | ||
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+ | Le reste de la section supérieure est occupé par une boîte qui affiche un échantillon de chaque motif utilisé dans le document actuel. Notez qu'il s'agit d'un échantillon par motif, et non par objet utilisant un motif. Si vous utilisez exactement le même motif sur, disons, cinq objets différents, | ||
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**That ‘next box of tiles’ is a similar region containing swatches for patterns, but this time it shows all the ones that are available in the application, | **That ‘next box of tiles’ is a similar region containing swatches for patterns, but this time it shows all the ones that are available in the application, | ||
Ligne 28: | Ligne 56: | ||
Next to the pop-up are arrows that simply step through the groups, offering little additional benefit. Furthermore, | Next to the pop-up are arrows that simply step through the groups, offering little additional benefit. Furthermore, | ||
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+ | Cette « boîte des tuiles suivante » est une région similaire contenant des échantillons de motifs, mais cette fois-ci, elle affiche tous les motifs disponibles dans l' | ||
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+ | En haut à gauche se trouve un menu déroulant qui vous permet de choisir entre différentes catégories de motifs. Les catégories sont plutôt arbitraires - qu' | ||
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+ | À côté de la fenêtre contextuelle, | ||
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**Then we have the pattern swatches themselves. Clicking a swatch in here will apply it to the currently selected object(s), but again make sure to read to the end of this article. Whereas the top set of swatches is likely to have only a handful of entries at most, this one can potentially contain a huge number. Not only is this box often too small to practically scroll, but many of the patterns run into each other in a way that sometimes makes it hard to distinguish them from each other. Inkscape devs: can we have an option for a gap between tiles, please? | **Then we have the pattern swatches themselves. Clicking a swatch in here will apply it to the currently selected object(s), but again make sure to read to the end of this article. Whereas the top set of swatches is likely to have only a handful of entries at most, this one can potentially contain a huge number. Not only is this box often too small to practically scroll, but many of the patterns run into each other in a way that sometimes makes it hard to distinguish them from each other. Inkscape devs: can we have an option for a gap between tiles, please? | ||
- | Finally, we have the largest part of the dialog: the section for previewing and editing the currently selected pattern. This consists of a large preview box, with a number of fields and controls wrapped around it which affect the preview, as well as having a live effect on the pattern(s) on the canvas.** | + | Finally, we have the largest part of the dialog: the section for previewing and editing the currently selected pattern. This consists of a large preview box, with a number of fields and controls wrapped around it which affect the preview, as well as having a live effect on the pattern(s) on the canvas. |
- | **Top-left is a field that holds the name of the pattern. You can also edit the name here, though your changes don’t take effect immediately, | + | Top-left is a field that holds the name of the pattern. You can also edit the name here, though your changes don’t take effect immediately, |
- | Running down the right are controls for changing the way the pattern appears. You can alter the scale in the x and y directions, with the ‘(un)broken chain’ toggle that is common in many graphics programs being used to switch between proportional and free scaling. You can also rotate the pattern using either the ‘Orientation’ field or the unlabelled slider beneath it. ‘Offset X’ and ‘Offset Y’ are used to adjust the placement of the pattern within your fill or stroke.** | + | Ensuite, nous avons les échantillons de motifs eux-mêmes. En cliquant sur un échantillon, vous l' |
- | **ll of these controls can also be changed graphically on the canvas. There are two ways to enable this mode: the first – which has been available in Inkscape for a long time – is to switch to the Node tool (F2) while an object with a pattern is selected; the second is simply to click the ‘Edit on canvas’ button in the Fill & Stroke dialog, which actually just switches you to the Node tool anyway. | + | Enfin, nous avons la plus grande partie de la boîte de dialogue |
- | Whichever approach you take, Inkscape will display a square or rectangle with three handles on the canvas which represents the outline of a single tile of your pattern. In older releases, this rectangle always appeared at the top-left of your document, but 1.3 changes this so that it appears on the object you’re editing. This makes a lot more sense, especially if you’re trying to adjust the pattern on an element that’s far from the top-left corner. | + | En haut à gauche se trouve un champ qui contient le nom du motif. Vous pouvez également modifier le nom ici, bien que vos changements ne prennent pas effet immédiatement, |
- | The style of the handles, however, is rather confusing. They look identical to the handles for editing a rectangle, such that it’s easy to get them mixed up when they happen to be close together on the canvas. In this image you can see the rectangle’s handles around the outside, and the pattern’s handles inside the object – just imagine the confusion when the pattern is a similar size to the object, so that the handles start to overlap. Wouldn’t it make so much more sense to render these handles with a different shape, color, or line thickness? | ||
- | **Dragging | + | **Running down the right are controls |
- | If your pattern is small enough | + | ll of these controls can also be changed graphically on the canvas. There are two ways to enable this mode: the first – which has been available in Inkscape for a long time – is to switch |
- | **Within | + | Whichever approach you take, Inkscape will display a square or rectangle with three handles on the canvas which represents the outline of a single tile of your pattern. In older releases, this rectangle always appeared at the top-left |
- | Now that I’ve explained the bulk of the pattern editing controls, we get to one of those caveats I mentioned earlier. If you click on a swatch to select a pattern – even if it’s the same one that’s already been applied to your object – all those fields are reset to their defaults. On the one hand, this is a quick and easy way to revert all your changes if you’ve been playing around with the handles on the canvas, but on the other hand, it’s a quick and easy way to accidentally revert some carefully curated changes in a way that you might not spot until it’s too late for Edit > Undo to save you.** | + | Sur la droite se trouvent des commandes permettant de modifier la façon dont le motif s' |
- | **There’s one final control I haven’t described yet, which you might think I’ve skipped over because it’s so obvious what it does: the ‘Color’ button (labelled ‘Colour’ in the screenshots from my British English installation). Unfortunately, | + | Toutes ces commandes peuvent également être modifiées graphiquement sur le canevas. Il y a deux façons d' |
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+ | Quelle que soit votre approche, Inkscape affichera un carré ou un rectangle avec trois poignées sur le canevas qui représente le contour d'un seul carreau de votre motif. Dans les versions antérieures, | ||
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+ | **The style of the handles, however, is rather confusing. They look identical to the handles for editing a rectangle, such that it’s easy to get them mixed up when they happen to be close together on the canvas. In this image you can see the rectangle’s handles around the outside, and the pattern’s handles inside the object – just imagine the confusion when the pattern is a similar size to the object, so that the handles start to overlap. Wouldn’t it make so much more sense to render these handles with a different shape, color, or line thickness? | ||
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+ | Dragging the top-left handle will reposition the pattern (equivalent to the ‘Offset X’ and ‘Offset Y’ controls). Dragging the bottom-right handle will resize the pattern (equivalent to ‘Scale X’ and ‘Scale Y’) – hold Ctrl at the same time for proportional scaling. When scaling proportionally, | ||
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+ | Le style des poignées est cependant assez déroutant. Elles sont identiques aux poignées d' | ||
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+ | En faisant glisser la poignée supérieure gauche, vous repositionnez le motif (ce qui équivaut aux commandes « Offset X » et « Offset Y »). En faisant glisser la poignée inférieure droite, vous redimensionnez le motif (ce qui équivaut aux commandes « Échelle X » et « Échelle Y ») - maintenez la touche Ctrl enfoncée en même temps pour obtenir une mise à l' | ||
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+ | **If your pattern is small enough to repeat within your shape, clicking within it will move the handles to the corresponding ‘copy’ of the pattern. If your pattern is larger than the shape it’s applied to, the handles can appear outside the object, as in this example with a large rotated pattern. | ||
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+ | Within the dialog is also a pair of sliders labelled as ‘Gap X’ and ‘Gap Y’. These allow you to add gaps between the copies of your pattern but, quite frankly, they feel like an afterthought. The size of the gap is represented on them as a percentage (of what?), but they allow steps of only 20% at a time – and there’s no input field to enter an arbitrary value. Digging into the XML editor, I think that these actually set the ‘width’ and ‘height’ attributes on the < | ||
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+ | Si votre motif est suffisamment petit pour se répéter à l' | ||
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+ | Dans la boîte de dialogue, vous trouverez également deux curseurs intitulés « Espace X » et « Espace Y ». Ils vous permettent d' | ||
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+ | **Now that I’ve explained the bulk of the pattern editing controls, we get to one of those caveats I mentioned earlier. If you click on a swatch to select a pattern – even if it’s the same one that’s already been applied to your object – all those fields are reset to their defaults. On the one hand, this is a quick and easy way to revert all your changes if you’ve been playing around with the handles on the canvas, but on the other hand, it’s a quick and easy way to accidentally revert some carefully curated changes in a way that you might not spot until it’s too late for Edit > Undo to save you. | ||
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+ | There’s one final control I haven’t described yet, which you might think I’ve skipped over because it’s so obvious what it does: the ‘Color’ button (labelled ‘Colour’ in the screenshots from my British English installation). Unfortunately, | ||
With some patterns, selecting a color will change the pattern to that color, as you might expect. But with others, it doesn’t have an effect at all, or the button simply doesn’t do anything (it’s disabled, but although the label appears greyed out, the button itself doesn’t look obviously inactive in any way). Take these five patterns – the last five of the ‘Patterns’ group – and see if you can predict how each one will behave when I try to apply the same color to them?** | With some patterns, selecting a color will change the pattern to that color, as you might expect. But with others, it doesn’t have an effect at all, or the button simply doesn’t do anything (it’s disabled, but although the label appears greyed out, the button itself doesn’t look obviously inactive in any way). Take these five patterns – the last five of the ‘Patterns’ group – and see if you can predict how each one will behave when I try to apply the same color to them?** | ||
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+ | Maintenant que j'ai expliqué l' | ||
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+ | Il y a une dernière commande que je n'ai pas encore décrite et que vous pourriez penser que j'ai ignorée parce que sa fonction est évidente : le bouton « Couleur » (étiqueté « Colour » dans les captures d' | ||
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+ | Avec certains motifs, la sélection d'une couleur changera le motif en cette couleur, comme on peut s'y attendre. Mais avec d' | ||
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**The first (“Stripes 13 (4:1)”), is a simple vector pattern, and accepts the color as you might expect. The second (“Table Cloth”) disables the button, which I guess makes sense given the mixture of colors in the pattern. But although the third one (“Tiles”) also appears to contain multiple colors, it will happily accept a color change. The fourth pattern (“Tiles 2”) will let you open the color picker and set a value, but then it still appears in only black. The last one (“Wavy”), | **The first (“Stripes 13 (4:1)”), is a simple vector pattern, and accepts the color as you might expect. The second (“Table Cloth”) disables the button, which I guess makes sense given the mixture of colors in the pattern. But although the third one (“Tiles”) also appears to contain multiple colors, it will happily accept a color change. The fourth pattern (“Tiles 2”) will let you open the color picker and set a value, but then it still appears in only black. The last one (“Wavy”), | ||
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If you set a pattern fill by clicking on the top section of the dialog – i.e. choosing a pattern that has already been applied to another object in your document – both those objects use the same pattern definition. If you change the color on one of them, the other one will change as well.** | If you set a pattern fill by clicking on the top section of the dialog – i.e. choosing a pattern that has already been applied to another object in your document – both those objects use the same pattern definition. If you change the color on one of them, the other one will change as well.** | ||
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+ | Le premier (« Stripes 13 (4:1) ») est un simple motif vectoriel qui accepte la couleur comme on peut s'y attendre. Le deuxième (« Nappe ») désactive le bouton, ce qui est logique étant donné le mélange de couleurs dans le motif. Mais bien que le troisième (« Tiles ») semble également contenir plusieurs couleurs, il accepte volontiers un changement de couleur. Le quatrième motif (« Tiles 2 ») vous permet d' | ||
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+ | Il y a encore une mise en garde à propos de l' | ||
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+ | Si vous définissez un motif de fond en cliquant sur la section supérieure de la boîte de dialogue - c' | ||
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**If you now change the other pattern controls for one of those objects, such as the scale or orientation, | **If you now change the other pattern controls for one of those objects, such as the scale or orientation, | ||
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If this sounds confusing, it’s because it is. Sometimes Inkscape creates a copy, sometimes it creates a reference to an existing pattern. There’s some logic to it, but nothing that’s very obvious from a user’s perspective. I’ve distilled the complexity down into two rules, which should hopefully help you to make the right choice when setting a pattern:** | If this sounds confusing, it’s because it is. Sometimes Inkscape creates a copy, sometimes it creates a reference to an existing pattern. There’s some logic to it, but nothing that’s very obvious from a user’s perspective. I’ve distilled the complexity down into two rules, which should hopefully help you to make the right choice when setting a pattern:** | ||
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+ | Si vous modifiez maintenant les autres contrôles du motif pour l'un de ces objets, comme l' | ||
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+ | Dessinez maintenant une autre forme et définissez-y un motif. Cette fois, sélectionnez-le dans la section principale de la boîte de dialogue, en utilisant la grande liste de motifs groupés. Même si vous sélectionnez le même motif de base que ci-dessus, Inkscape en crée une nouvelle copie, et pas seulement une référence. Vous pouvez modifier la couleur de cette copie sans que cela n' | ||
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+ | Si cela vous semble déroutant, c'est parce que c'est le cas. Parfois Inkscape crée une copie, parfois il crée une référence à un motif existant. Il y a une certaine logique à cela, mais rien qui ne soit très évident du point de vue de l' | ||
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**1/ If you want an independent pattern for your object that will not be affected by changes to the pattern on other objects, make sure to select it from the main list of swatches, not from the top region that shows the ones already applied in the document. | **1/ If you want an independent pattern for your object that will not be affected by changes to the pattern on other objects, make sure to select it from the main list of swatches, not from the top region that shows the ones already applied in the document. | ||
2/ If you want objects to share the same pattern such that changing the color of one changes the others, select the pattern from those that are already in the document, using the top section of the dialog. The on-canvas controls for setting scale and orientation (or those at the bottom right of the dialog) will still operate on each element separately though.** | 2/ If you want objects to share the same pattern such that changing the color of one changes the others, select the pattern from those that are already in the document, using the top section of the dialog. The on-canvas controls for setting scale and orientation (or those at the bottom right of the dialog) will still operate on each element separately though.** | ||
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+ | 1/ Si vous voulez un motif indépendant pour votre objet, qui ne sera pas affecté par les changements de motif sur les autres objets, assurez-vous de le sélectionner dans la liste principale des échantillons, | ||
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+ | 2/ Si vous souhaitez que les objets partagent le même motif, de sorte que le changement de couleur de l'un d' | ||
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issue207/inkscape.1722318082.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2024/07/30 07:41 de d52fr