issue213:tutoriel1
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issue213:tutoriel1 [2025/02/01 19:13] – créée d52fr | issue213:tutoriel1 [2025/02/01 19:26] (Version actuelle) – d52fr | ||
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+ | **Note: This is the first of a series of articles intended solely for individuals who, while having no experience in using Linux, are interested in the operating system and, more particularly, | ||
- | Note: This is the first of a series of articles intended solely for individuals who, while having no experience in using Linux, are interested in the operating system and, more particularly, | ||
+ | Windows 10 will reach end of life (EOL) on October 14, 2025. Many existing users of Windows 10 will know that there is no upgrade path to Windows 11 for their specific computer due to some stringent hardware requirements that are being imposed by Microsoft. For example, some reputable sources suggest that machines must be less than four years old in order to be upgraded! For most machines, an Intel 8th-generation Core, an AMD Ryzen 2000 series, or better chip, is required as the central processing unit (CPU). Additionally, | ||
- | Windows 10 will reach end of life (EOL) on October 14, 2025. Many existing users of Windows 10 will know that there is no upgrade path to Windows 11 for their specific computer due to some stringent hardware requirements that are being imposed by Microsoft. For example, some reputable sources suggest that machines must be less than four years old in order to be upgraded! For most machines, an Intel 8th-generation Core, an AMD Ryzen 2000 series, or better chip, is required as the central processing unit (CPU). Additionally, | + | Remarque : il s’agit du premier article d’une série destinée uniquement aux personnes qui, sans avoir d’expérience dans l’utilisation de Linux, s’intéressent au système d’exploitation et, plus particulièrement, envisagent Linux comme alternative lorsque |
- | So, now you should know if your specific computer can or cannot run Windows 11. At the time of writing, there is no indication that Microsoft is going to relax the hardware requirements noted above. So, if your computer will not run Windows 11, the question becomes what are you going to do as of October 14th next year? | + | Windows 10 atteindra sa fin de vie (EOL) le 14 octobre 2025. De nombreux utilisateurs actuels de Windows 10 savent qu’il n’existe aucun moyen de mettre à niveau leur ordinateur spécifique vers Windows 11 en raison de certaines exigences matérielles strictes imposées par Microsoft. Par exemple, certaines sources fiables suggèrent que les machines doivent avoir moins de quatre ans pour pouvoir être mises à niveau ! Pour la plupart des machines, un processeur Intel Core de 8e génération, |
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+ | **So, now you should know if your specific computer can or cannot run Windows 11. At the time of writing, there is no indication that Microsoft is going to relax the hardware requirements noted above. So, if your computer will not run Windows 11, the question becomes what are you going to do as of October 14th next year? | ||
Firstly, do not panic. You have almost a whole year to get ready for the end-of-life of Windows 10. You can continue to use Windows 10 for the remaining months as you have in the past. Your computer will run as normal. System patches will continue to be supplied and installed through Windows Update over the entire time. | Firstly, do not panic. You have almost a whole year to get ready for the end-of-life of Windows 10. You can continue to use Windows 10 for the remaining months as you have in the past. Your computer will run as normal. System patches will continue to be supplied and installed through Windows Update over the entire time. | ||
- | However, what you do need to do is think ahead. When Windows 10 reaches EOL, there will be no further security patches and machines still running this operating system may be vulnerable to attack, particularly if they remain connected to the Internet. | + | However, what you do need to do is think ahead. When Windows 10 reaches EOL, there will be no further security patches and machines still running this operating system may be vulnerable to attack, particularly if they remain connected to the Internet.** |
- | So, what are the options? Clearly, continuing to run Windows | + | Vous devriez donc maintenant savoir si votre ordinateur spécifique peut ou non exécuter |
- | The latter option might well be attractive to many users who are (a) reluctant to abandon perfectly good hardware, or (b) unwilling or unable to bear the expense or purchasing a new computer. However, many users are hesitant to consider this option because they have heard that Linux is “hard” or “only for geeks”. Nothing could be further from the truth, and the good news is that, if you are willing to at least give the option a try, you have an entire year to check things out. So, this is the premise of this first article in a planned series that will act as a simple guide to the use of the Linux operating system. | + | Tout d’abord, ne paniquez pas. Vous avez presque une année entière pour vous préparer à la fin de vie de Windows 10. Vous pouvez continuer à utiliser Windows 10 pendant les mois restants comme vous l’avez fait par le passé. Votre ordinateur fonctionnera normalement. Les correctifs système continueront d’être fournis et installés via Windows Update pendant toute la durée de vie de la solution. |
- | Specifically, | + | Cependant, vous devez anticiper les choses. Lorsque Windows 10 atteindra sa fin de vie, il n’y aura plus de correctifs de sécurité et les machines exécutant encore ce système d’exploitation peuvent être vulnérables aux attaques, en particulier si elles restent connectées à Internet. |
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+ | **So, what are the options? Clearly, continuing to run Windows 10, with no further security patches, is highly undesirable since most of us rely heavily on having stable and secure Internet access on a daily basis. A second option may be to purchase extended support for Windows 10 from Microsoft. It’s believed that the cost for this is going to be $30.00 for a single computer but this will be for only a one year period. This option is therefore of limited value as the purchaser will be back to an EOL situation in October, 2026. A more expensive, but more permanent solution, would be to purchase a new computer that will have Windows 11 installed. However, the most attractive option may well be to switch to using Linux as the main operating system, perhaps retaining the use of Windows in off-line mode in order to run specific applications that either won’t run under Linux or for which there is no satisfactory native Linux equivalent. | ||
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+ | The latter option might well be attractive to many users who are (a) reluctant to abandon perfectly good hardware, or (b) unwilling or unable to bear the expense or purchasing a new computer. However, many users are hesitant to consider this option because they have heard that Linux is “hard” or “only for geeks”. Nothing could be further from the truth, and the good news is that, if you are willing to at least give the option a try, you have an entire year to check things out. So, this is the premise of this first article in a planned series that will act as a simple guide to the use of the Linux operating system.** | ||
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+ | Alors, quelles sont les options ? De toute évidence, continuer à exécuter Windows 10, sans autres correctifs de sécurité, est hautement indésirable, | ||
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+ | Cette dernière option pourrait bien être intéressante pour de nombreux utilisateurs qui (a) sont réticents à abandonner un matériel en parfait état, ou (b) ne veulent pas ou ne peuvent pas supporter la dépense ou l’achat d’un nouvel ordinateur. Cependant, de nombreux utilisateurs hésitent à envisager cette option parce qu’ils ont entendu dire que Linux est « difficile » ou « réservé aux geeks ». Rien n’est plus faux, et la bonne nouvelle est que, si vous êtes prêt à au moins essayer cette option, vous avez une année entière pour tester les choses. Voilà donc le principe de ce premier article d’une série prévue qui servira de guide simple pour l’utilisation du système d’exploitation Linux. | ||
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+ | **Specifically, | ||
This will give us the confidence to eventually install Linux side-by-side with Windows 10, giving us dual-boot capability where we can decide to use either Linux or Windows, with each operating system working completely independently of the other. There, we will have the best of both worlds. We can try out all the features and possibilities of Linux while retaining the option to return to Windows by simply rebooting if and when necessary. | This will give us the confidence to eventually install Linux side-by-side with Windows 10, giving us dual-boot capability where we can decide to use either Linux or Windows, with each operating system working completely independently of the other. There, we will have the best of both worlds. We can try out all the features and possibilities of Linux while retaining the option to return to Windows by simply rebooting if and when necessary. | ||
- | We will go through the process of thoroughly trying out Linux in manageable steps. After all, we have a whole year to see if Linux can be a viable replacement, | + | We will go through the process of thoroughly trying out Linux in manageable steps. After all, we have a whole year to see if Linux can be a viable replacement, |
- | Firstly, we need a USB drive, with a capacity of 4 GB or more, which we can use to create a bootable disk. The disk should be empty, or at least not contain any files that are needed, since the process of creating the boot drive will overwrite any existing files. Now, go to the Linux Mint 22 " | + | Plus précisément, |
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+ | Cela nous donnera la confiance nécessaire pour éventuellement installer Linux côte à côte avec Windows 10, ce qui nous donnera la possibilité de double démarrage où nous pourrons décider d’utiliser Linux ou Windows, chaque système d’exploitation fonctionnant de manière totalement indépendante de l’autre. Nous aurons alors le meilleur des deux mondes. Nous pourrons tester toutes les fonctionnalités et possibilités de Linux tout en conservant la possibilité de revenir à Windows en redémarrant simplement si et quand cela est nécessaire. | ||
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+ | Nous passerons en revue le processus d’essai approfondi de Linux par étapes gérables. Après tout, nous avons toute une année pour voir si Linux peut être un remplacement viable, ou au moins un partenaire utile, pour notre système Windows 10. Alors, commençons. | ||
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+ | **Firstly, we need a USB drive, with a capacity of 4 GB or more, which we can use to create a bootable disk. The disk should be empty, or at least not contain any files that are needed, since the process of creating the boot drive will overwrite any existing files. Now, go to the Linux Mint 22 " | ||
We can use Balena Etcher as a really simple way to create the bootable disk (see Etching a Bootable USB Drive: https:// | We can use Balena Etcher as a really simple way to create the bootable disk (see Etching a Bootable USB Drive: https:// | ||
- | The downloaded file, balenaEtcher-1.19.21.Setup.exe, | + | The downloaded file, balenaEtcher-1.19.21.Setup.exe, |
- | We can now reboot the computer from the just-created bootable USB drive. The process required varies by computer. If you don’t already know how to boot your specific machine from a USB drive, enter a query in Google or check the manufacturer’s web site. For my Dell laptop, I simply have to press F12 as the machine is rebooting and a one-time boot menu pops up that allows me to select the USB drive. | + | Tout d' |
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+ | Nous pouvons utiliser Balena Etcher comme moyen très simple pour créer le disque de démarrage (voir Etching a Bootable USB Drive (Gravure d'une clé USB de démarrage) : https:// | ||
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+ | Le fichier téléchargé, | ||
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+ | **We can now reboot the computer from the just-created bootable USB drive. The process required varies by computer. If you don’t already know how to boot your specific machine from a USB drive, enter a query in Google or check the manufacturer’s web site. For my Dell laptop, I simply have to press F12 as the machine is rebooting and a one-time boot menu pops up that allows me to select the USB drive. | ||
A boot menu (GNU GRUB version 2.12) will be displayed. The first menu item, ‘*Start Linux Mint 22 Cinnamon 64-bit (compatibility mode)’ is set as the default selection – as indicated by the asterisk. Press the Enter key to boot into Linux Mint. | A boot menu (GNU GRUB version 2.12) will be displayed. The first menu item, ‘*Start Linux Mint 22 Cinnamon 64-bit (compatibility mode)’ is set as the default selection – as indicated by the asterisk. Press the Enter key to boot into Linux Mint. | ||
- | Be patient as the boot process may take a little time. Note that we are booting directly from the USB drive which is relatively slow. The process will involve black screens and the occasional green-and-white Linux Mint (lm) logo, but the Linux desktop will eventually load - in all its splendour! (as shown in Figure 1) | + | Be patient as the boot process may take a little time. Note that we are booting directly from the USB drive which is relatively slow. The process will involve black screens and the occasional green-and-white Linux Mint (lm) logo, but the Linux desktop will eventually load - in all its splendour! (as shown in Figure 1)** |
- | A notification window popped up briefly as the desktop loaded. If you missed it, the text indicated that “Wi-Fi networks are available”. As a first step in making use of our Linux desktop, we can make the Wi-Fi connection and try out the Firefox web browser that is bundled with Linux Mint. | + | Nous pouvons maintenant redémarrer l' |
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+ | Un menu de démarrage (GNU GRUB version 2.12) s' | ||
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+ | Soyez patient car le processus de démarrage peut prendre un peu de temps. Notez que nous démarrons directement à partir de la clé USB, ce qui est relativement lent. Le processus impliquera des écrans noirs et le logo Linux Mint (lm) vert et blanc occasionnel, | ||
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+ | **A notification window popped up briefly as the desktop loaded. If you missed it, the text indicated that “Wi-Fi networks are available”. As a first step in making use of our Linux desktop, we can make the Wi-Fi connection and try out the Firefox web browser that is bundled with Linux Mint. | ||
The lower portion of the Linux desktop is called the panel, and is equivalent to the Windows’ taskbar. At the right end of the panel there is a group of icons of which the fourth icon from the right (Figure 2) is for networking. Left-click on this icon to bring up a list of available network connections. Select the name of your home Wi-Fi network. | The lower portion of the Linux desktop is called the panel, and is equivalent to the Windows’ taskbar. At the right end of the panel there is a group of icons of which the fourth icon from the right (Figure 2) is for networking. Left-click on this icon to bring up a list of available network connections. Select the name of your home Wi-Fi network. | ||
- | In the subsequent pop-up dialogue box, enter the password for your Wi-Fi system and press Connect. Now click on the orange Firefox icon in the group of icons at the left end of the panel (Figure 3). When Firefox loads, type opcug.ca in the address bar. You are now browsing the Internet using Linux! | + | In the subsequent pop-up dialogue box, enter the password for your Wi-Fi system and press Connect. Now click on the orange Firefox icon in the group of icons at the left end of the panel (Figure 3). When Firefox loads, type opcug.ca in the address bar. You are now browsing the Internet using Linux!** |
- | Feel free to try any of the other applications that are available on your Linux desktop. (Hint – the Start menu is the lm icon in the lower-left corner of the desktop.) However, we will be exploring Linux in detail in upcoming articles in this series so you can also stay tuned for much more information on how to configure and use Linux. | + | Une fenêtre de notification est apparue brièvement pendant le chargement du bureau. Si vous l'avez manqué, le texte indiquait que « des réseaux Wi-Fi sont disponibles ». Pour commencer à utiliser notre bureau Linux, nous pouvons établir une connexion Wi-Fi et essayer le navigateur Web Firefox fourni avec Linux Mint. |
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+ | La partie inférieure du bureau Linux s' | ||
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+ | Dans la boîte de dialogue contextuelle qui s' | ||
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+ | **Feel free to try any of the other applications that are available on your Linux desktop. (Hint – the Start menu is the lm icon in the lower-left corner of the desktop.) However, we will be exploring Linux in detail in upcoming articles in this series so you can also stay tuned for much more information on how to configure and use Linux. | ||
Bottom Line | Bottom Line | ||
Ligne 47: | Ligne 90: | ||
• Clément Lefèbvre | • Clément Lefèbvre | ||
• https:// | • https:// | ||
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+ | N' | ||
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+ | Conclusion | ||
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+ | ••Linux Mint (Open source) | ||
+ | ••Version 22 (Wilma) | ||
+ | ••Clément Lefèbvre | ||
+ | ••https:// | ||
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+ | Biographie (au besoin) : | ||
+ | **Alan is a computer enthusiast based in the Great White North where he is an active member of the Ottawa PC Users’ Group (https:// | ||
+ | Alan est un fan d' | ||
issue213/tutoriel1.1738433622.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2025/02/01 19:13 de d52fr