issue75:inkscape
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue75:inkscape [2013/12/18 07:07] – fcm_-_ekel | issue75:inkscape [2013/12/18 17:34] (Version actuelle) – andre_domenech | ||
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**Although Inkscape is a vector graphics program, it does have some support for including bitmap images in your drawings. It's certainly not a fully fledged bitmap editor, and neither is it a desktop publishing program. If you want to airbrush a photo, you would be better off using The GIMP, and if you want to lay out a newsletter, then Scribus would be a better tool.** | **Although Inkscape is a vector graphics program, it does have some support for including bitmap images in your drawings. It's certainly not a fully fledged bitmap editor, and neither is it a desktop publishing program. If you want to airbrush a photo, you would be better off using The GIMP, and if you want to lay out a newsletter, then Scribus would be a better tool.** | ||
- | Bien que Inkscape soit un logiciel de graphisme vectoriel, il a les capacités pour incorporer | + | Bien qu'Inkscape soit un logiciel de graphisme vectoriel, il prend en charge jusqu' |
**Getting an image into Inkscape is quite simple. My preference is to drag-and-drop it from the desktop or file manager into the main Inkscape window. Alternatively, | **Getting an image into Inkscape is quite simple. My preference is to drag-and-drop it from the desktop or file manager into the main Inkscape window. Alternatively, | ||
- | Intégrer une image dans Inkscape est assez simple. Ma préférence va au glisser-déposer depuis le bureau ou le gestionnaire de fichier | + | Intégrer une image dans Inkscape est très simple. Ma préférence va au glisser-déposer depuis le bureau ou le gestionnaire de fichiers |
**If you select “Embed” then the image will be included as part of the Inkscape file. For the technically minded it is Base64 encoded, which is a means of representing binary data using text. Unfortunately, | **If you select “Embed” then the image will be included as part of the Inkscape file. For the technically minded it is Base64 encoded, which is a means of representing binary data using text. Unfortunately, | ||
- | Si vous sélectionnez | + | Si vous sélectionnez |
**Selecting “Link” will include the location of your bitmap in the SVG file, but not the data that makes up the image itself. If you subsequently move the SVG file, you'll need to move the bitmap with it, or fix the link to account for the change in location. One advantage of linking a file is that, if you make changes to the original bitmap image, those changes will be automatically reflected in the Inkscape document. For an embedded bitmap you would have to remove the current version from the document and then embed the modified version.** | **Selecting “Link” will include the location of your bitmap in the SVG file, but not the data that makes up the image itself. If you subsequently move the SVG file, you'll need to move the bitmap with it, or fix the link to account for the change in location. One advantage of linking a file is that, if you make changes to the original bitmap image, those changes will be automatically reflected in the Inkscape document. For an embedded bitmap you would have to remove the current version from the document and then embed the modified version.** | ||
- | Sélectionner | + | Sélectionner |
- | Which option to choose depends on what you are doing with the bitmap in your Inkscape drawing. If it's only there temporarily—so that you can trace over it, or use it for reference—then linking is probably the best option. For use as a permanent part of your design, then embedding might be better – especially if you plan to move the Inkscape file, put it on a web server, or send it to someone else. If you're unsure, then I would suggest linking the image; you can always embed it later using the Extensions > Images > Embed Images... menu option. | + | **Which option to choose depends on what you are doing with the bitmap in your Inkscape drawing. If it's only there temporarily—so that you can trace over it, or use it for reference—then linking is probably the best option. For use as a permanent part of your design, then embedding might be better – especially if you plan to move the Inkscape file, put it on a web server, or send it to someone else. If you're unsure, then I would suggest linking the image; you can always embed it later using the Extensions > Images > Embed Images... menu option.** |
- | Checking the “Don't ask again” box will mean that future imports will default to your choice of Embed or Link. I prefer to leave this unchecked, as I tend to switch between the two options depending on what I'm drawing. If you do check this and then subsequently change your mind you can switch to the other option, | + | Le choix de l'option dépend de ce que vous faites avec le bitmap dans votre dessin Inkscape. S'il n'est utilisé que temporairement, de sorte que vous pouvez le décalquer ou l'utiliser comme référence, |
- | Having imported an image, it will appear in Inkscape with the normal selection handles. One thing that might surprise you is the size of the image—imported bitmaps | + | **Checking |
- | Within Inkscape, it might be useful to think of your picture as being a group of colored squares—albeit a group that you can't enter or un-group. Each square is drawn at 1/90 of an inch in size, but you can scale it up or down using the selection handles, just as you would with any other object. Scaling like this doesn't change the number of rectangles in the group, it just changes the size and shape of each one. You can also skew and rotate the image, or change its opacity, just as you would with any other group of rectangles. Here's an example of an image made up of only 25 pixels, but copied, scaled and transformed to fill an A4 page. You can see that talking in terms of pixels and dpi quickly stops making sense when you've transformed your pixels into rotated rhomboids! | + | Cocher la case « Ne plus demander » aura pour résultat que les importations futures seront par défaut votre choix Incorporer ou Lier. Je préfère laisser cette case non cochée, comme j'ai tendance à basculer entre les deux options en fonction de ce que je dessine. Si vous la cochez et ensuite changez d'avis, vous pouvez passer à l'autre option ou dire à Inkscape de demander à l' |
- | Sometimes, you don't want the whole of a bitmap image in your drawing. If your image is a PNG file, then Inkscape will honor any transparency that's present. This can be used to include non-rectangular elements into your drawing. Take the Full Circle Magazine logo as an example: you can clearly see the difference between using importing a JPEG version, which doesn' | + | |
- | When protecting sensitive readers from the fleshy expanses | + | **Having imported an image, it will appear in Inkscape with the normal selection handles. One thing that might surprise you is the size of the image—imported bitmaps tend to be bigger than you might expect. This is because Inkscape imports them at a resolution of 90dpi, regardless of the size, shape or embedded metadata |
- | Another way to show just a sub-section of an image is to use clipping. This works in exactly the same way as clipping any other object—just draw a clip path on top, select both the path and the image, and then choose Set Clip from the context menu, or Object > Clip > Set from the main menu. Using this with the bottom left corner of our renaissance painting, followed by some rotating and flipping, leads to an image that should be familiar to anyone who has seen Monty Python's Flying Circus. | + | Après avoir importé une image, elle apparaîtra dans Inkscape avec les poignées de sélection normales. Une chose qui pourrait vous surprendre, c'est que la taille des images bitmaps importées a tendance à être plus grande que vous ne le pensez. C'est parce qu' |
- | The hard edges of a clipped image don' | + | **Within Inkscape, it might be useful to think of your picture as being a group of colored squares—albeit a group that you can' |
+ | Sometimes, you don't want the whole of a bitmap image in your drawing. If your image is a PNG file, then Inkscape will honor any transparency that's present. This can be used to include non-rectangular elements into your drawing. Take the Full Circle Magazine logo as an example: you can clearly see the difference between using importing a JPEG version, which doesn' | ||
- | As you may recall from the previous part of this tutorial, masks are just collections of colored pixels—just like bitmap images. Inkscape will happily let you use an imported bitmap as a mask—it's really no different to using a group of rectangles. | + | Dans Inkscape, il pourrait être utile de penser à votre image comme étant un groupe de carrés coloriés, mais un groupe dans lequel vous ne pouvez pas entrer et que vous ne pouvez pas dégrouper. Chaque carré est dessiné avec une taille de 1/90e de pouce, mais vous pouvez en modifier l'échelle vers le haut ou vers le bas à l'aide des poignées de sélection, tout comme vous le feriez pour n' |
- | What you're actually seeing is the white of the Inkscape canvas showing through the darker parts of the image, | + | Parfois, vous ne voudrez pas la totalité d'une image bitmap dans votre dessin. Si votre image est un fichier PNG, alors Inkscape respectera toute transparence qui est présente. Ceci peut être utilisé pour inclure des éléments non rectangulaires dans votre dessin. Prenez le logo Full Circle Magazine comme exemple |
- | It's worth noting that you can mask any sort of object. The examples here all use an image to mask a single rectangle with a flat fill color, but you can use the same technique on an object with a gradient or pattern fill, or even on a group of objects. | + | **When protecting sensitive readers from the fleshy expanses |
- | Depending on your source image, you may find that you get better results if you convert it to a grayscale using a bitmap editor such as The GIMP. A bitmap editor will also give you the opportunity to lighten, or darken, or even invert, the colors of the image. If the image was included in Inkscape as a Link rather than an Embed, the effect of your changes will be applied to your Inkscape drawing each time you save the bitmap image in your editor, allowing you to easily experiment with different changes to the bitmap. In my experience Inkscape isn't always perfect at refreshing the screen when the bitmap changes, but scrolling the canvas a little, or changing the zoom level, usually fixes the issue. | + | Pour protéger les lecteurs sensibles des étendues pulpeuses de l'art de la Renaissance, par exemple, une paire de PNG produit un soutien-gorge raisonnable, alors que des fichiers JPEG conduisent à des sous-vêtements trop envahissants... |
- | Using bitmaps as masks can be another | + | **Another |
- | Of course this approach doesn't result in a genuine vector gradient, so the accuracy is determined by the resolution of your bitmap. You could get the same effect by simply creating a yellow-green conical gradient directly in The GIMP, and then importing it directly into Inkscape. By using the image as a mask, however, you can still freely change the colors within Inkscape, rather than having to modify the bitmap | + | Une autre façon de ne montrer qu'une partie d'une image est d' |
- | A major limitation | + | **The hard edges of a clipped image don't suit every requirement, but, as you might expect, masking also works. A simple blurred shape with a white fill, used as a mask, lets you feather |
- | As you can see, once a bitmap has been linked or embedded into an Inkscape document, you can pretty much treat it in the same manner as any other object. If you think of it simply as a group of colored rectangles then you won't go far wrong. Don't mistake Inkscape for a bitmap | + | Les bords durs d'une image découpée ne conviennent pas à tous les besoins, mais, comme on pouvait s'y attendre, le masquage fonctionne aussi. Une forme floue simple avec un remplissage blanc, utilisé comme un masque, vous permet d'adoucir les bords d'une image bitmap |
- | Next time, we'll continue our tour of bitmaps | + | **As you may recall from the previous part of this tutorial, masks are just collections of colored pixels—just like bitmap images. Inkscape will happily let you use an imported bitmap as a mask—it's really no different to using a group of rectangles. On first impressions it looks as though using an image as a mask results |
+ | What you're actually seeing is the white of the Inkscape | ||
+ | Comme vous vous souvenez de la partie précédente de ce tutoriel, les masques ne sont que des collections de pixels de couleur, tout comme les images bitmap. Inkscape se fera un plaisir de vous permettre d' | ||
+ | Ce que vous êtes en train de voir est le blanc du canevas d' | ||
+ | **It's worth noting that you can mask any sort of object. The examples here all use an image to mask a single rectangle with a flat fill color, but you can use the same technique on an object with a gradient or pattern fill, or even on a group of objects.** | ||
- | Image Credits | + | Il est intéressant de noter que vous pouvez masquer toutes sortes d' |
+ | |||
+ | **Depending on your source image, you may find that you get better results if you convert it to a grayscale using a bitmap editor such as The GIMP. A bitmap editor will also give you the opportunity to lighten, or darken, or even invert, the colors of the image. If the image was included in Inkscape as a Link rather than an Embed, the effect of your changes will be applied to your Inkscape drawing each time you save the bitmap image in your editor, allowing you to easily experiment with different changes to the bitmap. In my experience Inkscape isn't always perfect at refreshing the screen when the bitmap changes, but scrolling the canvas a little, or changing the zoom level, usually fixes the issue.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | En fonction de votre image source, vous pourrez constater que vous obtiendrez de meilleurs résultats si vous la convertissez en niveaux de gris en utilisant un éditeur de bitmap comme GIMP. Un éditeur de bitmap vous donnera également l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Using bitmaps as masks can be another way to get around the limited types of gradients that the SVG format supports. For example, by creating a conical gradient in The GIMP, then using it to mask a yellow square on a green background, it's possible to produce a conical yellow-green gradient that would be difficult to create in Inkscape alone.** | ||
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+ | L' | ||
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+ | **Of course this approach doesn' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Bien sûr, cette approche ne donne pas lieu à un véritable dégradé de vecteur, de sorte que la précision est déterminée par la résolution de votre image bitmap. Vous pouvez obtenir le même effet en créant simplement un dégradé conique jaune-vert directement dans GIMP, puis en l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **A major limitation of this method is that you can affect the transparency of only one object at a time, so gradients with multiple color stops are a problem. You can work around this by using your mask on a group of objects, or by layering several masked objects on top of each other, but that can quickly become complex. To demonstrate this approach, I've created a bitmap using the “Three Bars sin” gradient from The GIMP, drawn as a spiral gradient. I first applied this to the same yellow square on a green background as used previously, then duplicated it in-place (Edit > Duplicate, or Ctrl-D) before rotating it slightly to give a multi-colored spiral gradient.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Une limite importante de cette méthode est que vous pouvez affecter la transparence d'un seul objet à la fois ; ainsi les dégradés avec plusieurs arrêts de couleur posent un problème. Vous pouvez contourner ce problème en utilisant votre masque sur un groupe d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **As you can see, once a bitmap has been linked or embedded into an Inkscape document, you can pretty much treat it in the same manner as any other object. If you think of it simply as a group of colored rectangles then you won't go far wrong. Don't mistake Inkscape for a bitmap editor or a desktop publishing program, though—The GIMP or Scribus are far better tools for those tasks.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Comme vous pouvez le voir, une fois qu'une image bitmap a été liée ou incorporée dans un document Inkscape, vous pouvez très bien le traiter de la même manière que n' | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Next time, we'll continue our tour of bitmaps in Inkscape by finding out how to turn them into genuine vectors. | ||
+ | ** | ||
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+ | La prochaine fois, nous allons continuer notre examen des bitmaps dans Inkscape en découvrant comment les transformer en véritables images vectorielles. | ||
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+ | **Image Credits | ||
“Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time” by Angelo Bronzino | “Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time” by Angelo Bronzino | ||
Ligne 56: | Ligne 87: | ||
“La Gioconda” (aka “Mona Lisa”) by Leonardo da Vinci | “La Gioconda” (aka “Mona Lisa”) by Leonardo da Vinci | ||
+ | http:// | ||
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+ | Crédits pour les images : | ||
+ | |||
+ | “Vénus, Cupidon et le Temps” de Angelo Bronzino | ||
+ | http:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | “La Joconde” (alias “Mona Lisa”) de Léonard de Vinci | ||
http:// | http:// |
issue75/inkscape.1387346870.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2013/12/18 07:07 de fcm_-_ekel