issue85:inkscape_p._24
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue85:inkscape_p._24 [2014/11/28 00:02] – d52fr | issue85:inkscape_p._24 [2014/11/30 18:06] (Version actuelle) – auntiee | ||
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**In this article I'll be looking at Inkscape' | **In this article I'll be looking at Inkscape' | ||
- | Dans cet article je vais regarder | + | Dans cet article je vais examiner |
**You can activate the 3D Box tool using the icon on the toolbar, or by pressing X or Shift-F4. The normal 2D rectangle tool can be activated by pressing F4, so you might like to think of this tool as drawing a rectangle that's been shifted into the third dimension. Depending on where you draw, and how much you've tinkered with the 3D Box tool before, it's easy to create a box that's too big or too distorted, making it hard to understand the tool. So before you start to draw, let's set some sensible defaults on the tool control bar.** | **You can activate the 3D Box tool using the icon on the toolbar, or by pressing X or Shift-F4. The normal 2D rectangle tool can be activated by pressing F4, so you might like to think of this tool as drawing a rectangle that's been shifted into the third dimension. Depending on where you draw, and how much you've tinkered with the 3D Box tool before, it's easy to create a box that's too big or too distorted, making it hard to understand the tool. So before you start to draw, let's set some sensible defaults on the tool control bar.** | ||
- | Vous pouvez activer l' | + | Vous pouvez activer l' |
**The options for this tool are deceptively simple – but that's only because a lot of the complexity takes place via handles on the canvas instead. There are three pairs of controls, consisting of a spinbox and a button for each of the X, Y and Z axes of the pseudo-3D world that your box will live in. Start by clicking all three buttons into their “on” state. This sets an infinite vanishing point for each axis, ensuring that the edges of your box are all parallel. Enter values of 150, 90 and 30 into the spinboxes – as usual there are context menus with some sensible options, though 150 isn't one of the defaults. Now click and drag on the canvas to draw your first 3D box. Make it fairly large so that it's easy to distinguish the small handles on the box when you release the mouse button.** | **The options for this tool are deceptively simple – but that's only because a lot of the complexity takes place via handles on the canvas instead. There are three pairs of controls, consisting of a spinbox and a button for each of the X, Y and Z axes of the pseudo-3D world that your box will live in. Start by clicking all three buttons into their “on” state. This sets an infinite vanishing point for each axis, ensuring that the edges of your box are all parallel. Enter values of 150, 90 and 30 into the spinboxes – as usual there are context menus with some sensible options, though 150 isn't one of the defaults. Now click and drag on the canvas to draw your first 3D box. Make it fairly large so that it's easy to distinguish the small handles on the box when you release the mouse button.** | ||
- | Les options pour cet outil sont désespérément simples | + | Les options pour cet outil sont désespérément simples, mais c'est seulement parce que beaucoup de la complexité est prise en charge |
**There are a few things to note about the box you've drawn: there are red, blue and yellow construction lines which project from the edges along the X, Y and Z axes of the 3D world; there are eight small handles, one at each corner of the cuboid (one will appear to be in the middle of the box – it's just the handle for the obscured corner showing through); there' | **There are a few things to note about the box you've drawn: there are red, blue and yellow construction lines which project from the edges along the X, Y and Z axes of the 3D world; there are eight small handles, one at each corner of the cuboid (one will appear to be in the middle of the box – it's just the handle for the obscured corner showing through); there' | ||
- | Il y a quelques points à remarquer sur la boîte que vous avez dessiné | + | Il y a quelques points à remarquer sur la boîte que vous avez dessinée |
**Because we've set the axes to have an infinite vanishing point, the projection lines form parallel pairs. The angle of each axis is measured in degrees, in an anti-clockwise direction where 0° points to the right. Compare the angles you typed in earlier with the projection lines – by using 30° for the Y-axis, and 150° for the X-axis (calculated as 180° minus 30°), your boxes form a classic isometric projection. Try setting the X angle to 180° for a Cavalier projection, or set X=135° and Y=45° for an Oblique projection.** | **Because we've set the axes to have an infinite vanishing point, the projection lines form parallel pairs. The angle of each axis is measured in degrees, in an anti-clockwise direction where 0° points to the right. Compare the angles you typed in earlier with the projection lines – by using 30° for the Y-axis, and 150° for the X-axis (calculated as 180° minus 30°), your boxes form a classic isometric projection. Try setting the X angle to 180° for a Cavalier projection, or set X=135° and Y=45° for an Oblique projection.** | ||
- | Parce que nous avons réglé les axes pour avoir un point de fuite, les lignes | + | Parce que nous avons réglé les axes pour avoir un point de fuite infini, les lignes |
**The square handles are used to adjust the size of your box. Four of them can be used to modify two dimensions (X and Z) at once, whilst the other four let you change only the third dimension (the depth along the Y-axis). Holding Shift will toggle the handles, so that a handle which usually controls the Y dimension instead lets you change X and Z – and vice versa. When moving an X/Z handle, try dragging it a little way along one of the projection lines, then holding Ctrl. This constrains the movement to one direction only, should you wish to change the X dimension without altering the height, for example.** | **The square handles are used to adjust the size of your box. Four of them can be used to modify two dimensions (X and Z) at once, whilst the other four let you change only the third dimension (the depth along the Y-axis). Holding Shift will toggle the handles, so that a handle which usually controls the Y dimension instead lets you change X and Z – and vice versa. When moving an X/Z handle, try dragging it a little way along one of the projection lines, then holding Ctrl. This constrains the movement to one direction only, should you wish to change the X dimension without altering the height, for example.** | ||
- | Les poignées carrées sont utilisées pour ajuster la taille de votre boîte. Quatre d' | + | Les poignées carrées sont utilisées pour ajuster la taille de votre boîte. Quatre d' |
**The X-shaped handle can be used to move the whole box, and once again Ctrl can be pressed to constrain the movement to one axis. Usually it's best to move 3D boxes using this handle, rather than using the Selector tool – it doesn' | **The X-shaped handle can be used to move the whole box, and once again Ctrl can be pressed to constrain the movement to one axis. Usually it's best to move 3D boxes using this handle, rather than using the Selector tool – it doesn' | ||
- | La poignée en X peur servir à déplacer toute la boîte, et à nouveau la touche Ctrl peut être pressée | + | La poignée en X peut servir à déplacer toute la boîte et à nouveau |
**With the projection lines and handles dealt with, it's time to talk about color. The default behaviour for the 3D Box tool is to draw your boxes in shades of blue. You can try setting the fill color before you draw, but you'll still get shades of blue. And if you set the fill color afterwards – well, you'll get the color you chose, but not as shades. Rather, all six faces of your box will be set to the same fill color and you'll end up with something that looks more like a flat, distorted hexagon than a 3D box.** | **With the projection lines and handles dealt with, it's time to talk about color. The default behaviour for the 3D Box tool is to draw your boxes in shades of blue. You can try setting the fill color before you draw, but you'll still get shades of blue. And if you set the fill color afterwards – well, you'll get the color you chose, but not as shades. Rather, all six faces of your box will be set to the same fill color and you'll end up with something that looks more like a flat, distorted hexagon than a 3D box.** | ||
- | Les lignes de projection et les poignées étant | + | Les lignes de projection et les poignées étant |
**The secret to coloring your box is to understand what it's made of. The SVG format doesn' | **The secret to coloring your box is to understand what it's made of. The SVG format doesn' | ||
- | Le secret de la coloration | + | Le moyen de colorer |
**The key to changing the color is therefore to enter the group and modify each path individually. Whilst double-clicking with the Select tool usually enters a group, in this case it just switches to the 3D Box tool, so instead you need to right-click and select “Enter Group #g3116” from the bottom of the context menu (the exact title will vary based on the ID of the group). Alternatively you can click on the box using the Selector tool, then press Ctrl-Enter, or Ctrl-Click to select one of the visible faces without actually entering the group.** | **The key to changing the color is therefore to enter the group and modify each path individually. Whilst double-clicking with the Select tool usually enters a group, in this case it just switches to the 3D Box tool, so instead you need to right-click and select “Enter Group #g3116” from the bottom of the context menu (the exact title will vary based on the ID of the group). Alternatively you can click on the box using the Selector tool, then press Ctrl-Enter, or Ctrl-Click to select one of the visible faces without actually entering the group.** | ||
- | La clé pour changer de couleur est donc de entrer dans le groupe et de modifier chaque | + | La solution |
**Once you've entered the group, I suggest starting by moving the faces apart from each other. This will give you a better idea of how the box is constructed. Use Shift with the arrow keys to move by a precise amount, if you want to be able to move the faces back to reconstruct the box later. | **Once you've entered the group, I suggest starting by moving the faces apart from each other. This will give you a better idea of how the box is constructed. Use Shift with the arrow keys to move by a precise amount, if you want to be able to move the faces back to reconstruct the box later. | ||
Ligne 43: | Ligne 43: | ||
While inside the group you can also change the color of each face individually – or even delete some of the faces entirely. Once you're done, exit the group by double-clicking on the canvas background with the Selector tool, picking “Go to parent” from the context menu, or using the Layers pop-up in the status bar. You may be surprised to find that Inkscape still considers your object to be a 3D box even if it's exploded, a different color, or with faces missing. This can be useful when you want a box with no lid, or you just want to give each face a stroke but no fill to create a simple wireframe.** | While inside the group you can also change the color of each face individually – or even delete some of the faces entirely. Once you're done, exit the group by double-clicking on the canvas background with the Selector tool, picking “Go to parent” from the context menu, or using the Layers pop-up in the status bar. You may be surprised to find that Inkscape still considers your object to be a 3D box even if it's exploded, a different color, or with faces missing. This can be useful when you want a box with no lid, or you just want to give each face a stroke but no fill to create a simple wireframe.** | ||
- | Une fois que vous êtes entré dans le groupe, je vous suggère de déplacer | + | Une fois entré dans le groupe, je vous suggère de commencer en séparant |
- | Pendant que vous êtes à l' | + | Pendant que vous êtes à l' |
**The projections we've used so far are okay for certain types of technical drawings or 3D pixel art, but the 3D Box tool can also create images with perspective. Let's start with a simple 1-point perspective. | **The projections we've used so far are okay for certain types of technical drawings or 3D pixel art, but the 3D Box tool can also create images with perspective. Let's start with a simple 1-point perspective. | ||
Ligne 51: | Ligne 51: | ||
We'll begin by removing the front left face of our box (medium blue, with the default colors). You should now be able to see into the box to the pale back wall. Set your X-axis angle to 180°, as we did for the Cavalier projection, but this time click on the parallel lines button for the Z-axis so it's deactivated, | We'll begin by removing the front left face of our box (medium blue, with the default colors). You should now be able to see into the box to the pale back wall. Set your X-axis angle to 180°, as we did for the Cavalier projection, but this time click on the parallel lines button for the Z-axis so it's deactivated, | ||
With the 3D Box tool still selected try drawing some more boxes. Notice that they all share the same VP. By moving them using the X-shaped handle they will continue to share their VP, but if you move a box using the Selector tool, the VP will also be moved, breaking the link between that box and any others.** | With the 3D Box tool still selected try drawing some more boxes. Notice that they all share the same VP. By moving them using the X-shaped handle they will continue to share their VP, but if you move a box using the Selector tool, the VP will also be moved, breaking the link between that box and any others.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les projections que nous avons utilisées jusqu' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Nous allons commencer par retirer la face avant gauche de la boîte (bleu moyen, avec les couleurs par défaut). Vous devriez maintenant être capable de voir l' | ||
+ | Avec l' | ||
**Using this shared VP behaviour, it's easy to create a few boxes with 1-point perspective to form the basis of a street view. You'll need to adjust the corner handles for each box, but remember to hold Shift if they won't move in the right direction. | **Using this shared VP behaviour, it's easy to create a few boxes with 1-point perspective to form the basis of a street view. You'll need to adjust the corner handles for each box, but remember to hold Shift if they won't move in the right direction. | ||
Ligne 56: | Ligne 61: | ||
Returning to a single box, let's try some 2-point perspective. Draw a new box if you need to, but this time, toggle the parallel lines buttons for both the X-axis and the Z-axis. Leave the Y-axis with an infinite VP at an angle of 90°. | Returning to a single box, let's try some 2-point perspective. Draw a new box if you need to, but this time, toggle the parallel lines buttons for both the X-axis and the Z-axis. Leave the Y-axis with an infinite VP at an angle of 90°. | ||
Now both the red and yellow projection lines converge into square handles at the VPs. Drag the handles around – for a good effect put the red one a little above the box and far to the left, and the yellow one at a similar height, but far to the right. Now drag the box around by the X-handle, and note what happens as it moves above the VPs, or close to either of them (hold Shift to move it along the Z-axis).** | Now both the red and yellow projection lines converge into square handles at the VPs. Drag the handles around – for a good effect put the red one a little above the box and far to the left, and the yellow one at a similar height, but far to the right. Now drag the box around by the X-handle, and note what happens as it moves above the VPs, or close to either of them (hold Shift to move it along the Z-axis).** | ||
+ | |||
+ | En utilisant ce comportement partagé du PF, il est facile de créer quelques boîtes à 1 point de perspective pour former la base de la vue d'une rue. Vous devrez ajuster les poignées d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Revenons à une boîte unique et essayons une perspective à 2 points. Dessinez une nouvelle boîte au besoin, mais cette fois en relâchant les boutons « || » des axes X et Z. Laissez l'axe Y avec un PF infini et un angle de 90°. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Maintenant les lignes de projection rouges et jaunes convergent vers les poignées carrées aux PF. Bougez les poignées - pour un bel effet, mettez la rouge un peu au-dessus de la boîte et très loin sur la gauche, et la jaune à une hauteur voisine mais loin à droite. Maintenant bougez la boîte avec la poignée X et remarquez ce qui se passe quand elle passe au-dessus des PF ou près de l'un d'eux (maintenir MAJ pour le déplacer le long de l'axe Z.) | ||
**Once again, any other boxes you draw will share the same vanishing points. Try starting with a small box near the red VP, then repeatedly duplicate it (Ctrl-D) and move the duplicates to the right along the projection lines (hold Ctrl while dragging the X-handle). Duplicate again and move up, along the Y-axis (start moving up, then press and hold Ctrl). Very quickly you can build up a wall of boxes in this way or, as I did in a recent comic strip, leave a few gaps to create a 3D “pixel” image. | **Once again, any other boxes you draw will share the same vanishing points. Try starting with a small box near the red VP, then repeatedly duplicate it (Ctrl-D) and move the duplicates to the right along the projection lines (hold Ctrl while dragging the X-handle). Duplicate again and move up, along the Y-axis (start moving up, then press and hold Ctrl). Very quickly you can build up a wall of boxes in this way or, as I did in a recent comic strip, leave a few gaps to create a 3D “pixel” image. | ||
As you may have guessed, you can also turn off the parallel button on the Y-axis to give you 3-point perspective. This is not as frequently used as the previous options, but can be great if you want to draw huge, imposing towers and monoliths.** | As you may have guessed, you can also turn off the parallel button on the Y-axis to give you 3-point perspective. This is not as frequently used as the previous options, but can be great if you want to draw huge, imposing towers and monoliths.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Encore une fois, toutes les autres boîtes que vous dessinez partageront les mêmes points de fuite. Essayez en commençant par une petite boîte près de la PF rouge, puis copiez-la plusieurs fois (Ctrl-D) et déplacez les copies vers la droite le long des sde projection (appuyez sur Ctrl tout en déplaçant la poignée X). Copiez encore et déplacez le long de l'axe Y (commencez par bougez vers le haut, puis maintenez Ctrl appuyé). Très rapidement, vous pouvez créer un mur de boîtes de cette façon ou, comme je l'ai vu dans une bande dessinée récente, laissez quelques espaces pour créer une image 3D « pixel ». | ||
+ | |||
+ | Comme vous l'avez peut-être deviné, vous pouvez aussi désactiver le bouton « || » de l'axe Y pour obtenir une perspective à 3 points. Ce n'est pas aussi souvent utilisé que les choix précédents, | ||
**If you do move a box using the Selector tool, you may wish to reconnect it to the VPs of your other boxes. Simply Shift-click on multiple boxes when the 3D Box tool is active and you'll be able to see all the VP handles at once. Drag the handle from one box onto the handle of another to snap them together. Be warned, this operation pays no heed to the color of the handles you're connecting, so you can easily end up joining the X-axis of one box to the Z-axis of another. Quite what the result will be in any artistic or mathematical sense, I don't know – but feel free to experiment if you really want to. If you decide that you need to separate any joined VPs, then ensure that only one box is selected and hold Shift as you drag the VPs around. Alternatively, | **If you do move a box using the Selector tool, you may wish to reconnect it to the VPs of your other boxes. Simply Shift-click on multiple boxes when the 3D Box tool is active and you'll be able to see all the VP handles at once. Drag the handle from one box onto the handle of another to snap them together. Be warned, this operation pays no heed to the color of the handles you're connecting, so you can easily end up joining the X-axis of one box to the Z-axis of another. Quite what the result will be in any artistic or mathematical sense, I don't know – but feel free to experiment if you really want to. If you decide that you need to separate any joined VPs, then ensure that only one box is selected and hold Shift as you drag the VPs around. Alternatively, | ||
The 3D Box tool may seem quite specific and even restricted in what it can do, and if you take it on face value then that's probably true. But by setting a stroke with no fill (and you don't even need to enter the group to do that), you can create a wireframe box that makes it much easier to draw in perspective. So don't think of it as a tool for drawing boxes, think of it as a tool for drawing construction lines. Once you've got the basic frames for your street, wall or tower, the rest is down to your imagination.** | The 3D Box tool may seem quite specific and even restricted in what it can do, and if you take it on face value then that's probably true. But by setting a stroke with no fill (and you don't even need to enter the group to do that), you can create a wireframe box that makes it much easier to draw in perspective. So don't think of it as a tool for drawing boxes, think of it as a tool for drawing construction lines. Once you've got the basic frames for your street, wall or tower, the rest is down to your imagination.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Si vous devez bouger un boîte en utilisant l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | L' |
issue85/inkscape_p._24.1417129372.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2014/11/28 00:02 de d52fr