issue99:inkscape
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
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issue99:inkscape [2015/08/01 18:03] – créée auntiee | issue99:inkscape [2015/08/05 15:15] (Version actuelle) – auntiee | ||
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- | Last time I introduced the Align and Distribute dialog, but went only as far as describing the Align part. This time I'll continue – not only onto the Distribute section, but down through the remaining sections of the dialog as well. Let's start with a reminder of what the dialog looks like, noting that there' | + | **Last time I introduced the Align and Distribute dialog, but went only as far as describing the Align part. This time I'll continue – not only onto the Distribute section, but down through the remaining sections of the dialog as well. Let's start with a reminder of what the dialog looks like, noting that there' |
Much like the Align section, the Distribute part of the dialog is split into two rows of buttons, governing horizontal and vertical distribution, | Much like the Align section, the Distribute part of the dialog is split into two rows of buttons, governing horizontal and vertical distribution, | ||
- | As you might expect, the objects to be distributed are the ones that are selected on the canvas. Selection order doesn' | + | As you might expect, the objects to be distributed are the ones that are selected on the canvas. Selection order doesn' |
- | What this means, in practice, is that you need to get your first and last objects into the right place before trying to use these buttons. Often that involves snapping to the grid, or aligning to another object as described last time. Only once those are in the right locations should you select all the objects you want to distribute – including the first and last ones – and then click on one of the buttons. | + | La dernière fois, j'ai présenté la boîte de dialogue Aligner et distribuer, mais je n'ai décrit que la partie Aligner. Cette fois-ci, je vais parcourir, non seulement la section Distribuer, mais aussi tout le reste de la boîte de dialogue. Commençons par rappeler à quoi ressemble la boîte de dialogue, en notant qu'il y a eu un léger réarrangement des boutons entre les versions 0.48 et 0.91, et que ceux soulignés en rouge sont les nouveaux de la 0.91. |
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+ | Comme la section Aligner, les boutons de la partie Distribuer sont sur deux lignes, gérant respectivement les distributions horizontale et verticale. En les utilisant, vous pouvez distribuer un ensemble d' | ||
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+ | Comme vous pouvez vous y attendre, les objets distribués sont ceux qui ont été sélectionnés sur le canevas. L' | ||
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+ | **What this means, in practice, is that you need to get your first and last objects into the right place before trying to use these buttons. Often that involves snapping to the grid, or aligning to another object as described last time. Only once those are in the right locations should you select all the objects you want to distribute – including the first and last ones – and then click on one of the buttons. | ||
The difference between each of the buttons is quite well represented by their icons. Considering each of the five buttons in the first row (I'm sure you can infer the equivalent functions for the second row), the buttons move your selected objects so that: | The difference between each of the buttons is quite well represented by their icons. Considering each of the five buttons in the first row (I'm sure you can infer the equivalent functions for the second row), the buttons move your selected objects so that: | ||
Ligne 14: | Ligne 20: | ||
• The space between baseline anchors of text objects is evenly distributed | • The space between baseline anchors of text objects is evenly distributed | ||
- | That last one probably needs a little more explanation. Much like the text alignment buttons mentioned in the previous instalment, these two text distribution buttons work only with a selection of text objects. When you edit text in Inkscape, you may notice a small square below the text you enter. This is the baseline anchor, and its position varies depending on the text justification. These buttons move your text objects so that the baseline anchors are evenly distributed. Before rushing to use these buttons to distribute your text, however, do consider whether that's really what you want: usually the previous button (even spaces between objects) gives a better result. | + | That last one probably needs a little more explanation. Much like the text alignment buttons mentioned in the previous instalment, these two text distribution buttons work only with a selection of text objects. When you edit text in Inkscape, you may notice a small square below the text you enter. This is the baseline anchor, and its position varies depending on the text justification. These buttons move your text objects so that the baseline anchors are evenly distributed. Before rushing to use these buttons to distribute your text, however, do consider whether that's really what you want: usually the previous button (even spaces between objects) gives a better result.** |
- | Often you'll find that the difference between distribution options is negligible, especially when the objects are all similarly sized. When you start to distribute differently sized elements, however, the differences can be significant, | + | En pratique, ça signifie que vous devez positionner le premier et le dernier objet au bon endroit avant d' |
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+ | La différence entre chacun des boutons est bien représentée par leurs icônes. Considérons les cinq boutons de la première ligne (je suis sûr que vous pouvez déduire les fonctions équivalentes de la seconde ligne) ; les boutons bougent les objets sélectionnés comme ceci : | ||
+ | • les bords gauches de leurs boîtes englobantes sont uniformément répartis ; | ||
+ | • les centres de leurs boîtes englobantes sont uniformément répartis ; | ||
+ | • les bords droits de leurs boîtes englobantes sont uniformément répartis ; | ||
+ | • l' | ||
+ | • l' | ||
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+ | Le dernier nécessite sans doute un peu plus d' | ||
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+ | **Often you'll find that the difference between distribution options is negligible, especially when the objects are all similarly sized. When you start to distribute differently sized elements, however, the differences can be significant, | ||
Continuing downwards, the layout of the dialog diverges between versions 0.48 and 0.91. For the latter, the next section of the dialog is labelled as “Rearrange”, | Continuing downwards, the layout of the dialog diverges between versions 0.48 and 0.91. For the latter, the next section of the dialog is labelled as “Rearrange”, | ||
Ligne 26: | Ligne 43: | ||
• Unclump objects: Moved from the “Distribute” section in 0.48 | • Unclump objects: Moved from the “Distribute” section in 0.48 | ||
- | The first of these works only if your selected objects form a network that was created with the Connector tool (see part 27 of this series for more details). It's just a duplicate of the same button in the Connector tool controls – except that this one offers fewer settings. My advice is to use the dedicated connector toolbar if you need this functionality, | + | The first of these works only if your selected objects form a network that was created with the Connector tool (see part 27 of this series for more details). It's just a duplicate of the same button in the Connector tool controls – except that this one offers fewer settings. My advice is to use the dedicated connector toolbar if you need this functionality, |
- | Have you ever wanted to swap the positions of two objects? To move the left one to the right, and the right one to the left, for example? In that case the three new buttons in 0.91 are for you. With two objects selected, their positions will be swapped, but if you have more than two things selected then the first moves to the position of the second, the second to the third, the third to the fourth, and so on. The last moves to the position of the first. | + | Vous trouverez souvent que la différence entre les options de distribution est négligeable, |
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+ | En descendant plus bas dans la boîte de dialogue, la disposition est différente entre la 0.48 et la 0.91. Pour cette dernière, la section suivante de la boîte de dialogue est appelée Réarranger et comporte six boutons de provenances variées : | ||
+ | • Arranger le réseau de connecteurs : repris de la section « Router un réseau de connecteurs » de la 0.48. | ||
+ | • Échanger les positions, suivant l' | ||
+ | • Échanger les positions, suivant l' | ||
+ | • Échanger les positions, dans le sens horaire : nouveau dans la 0.91. | ||
+ | • Éparpiller les centres aléatoirement : repris de la section « Distribuer » de la 0.48. | ||
+ | • Éparpiller les objets : repris de la section « Distribuer » de la 0.48. | ||
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+ | Le premier ne fonctionne que si les objets sélectionnés forment un réseau créé avec l' | ||
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+ | **Have you ever wanted to swap the positions of two objects? To move the left one to the right, and the right one to the left, for example? In that case the three new buttons in 0.91 are for you. With two objects selected, their positions will be swapped, but if you have more than two things selected then the first moves to the position of the second, the second to the third, the third to the fourth, and so on. The last moves to the position of the first. | ||
But what determines which object is first, second or third? That's simply down to which button you click. The first button bases it on which order the objects were selected in – so it's best to hold shift and click on each one individually to ensure you know the selection order. The second button uses the stacking order, or z-index, of the selected objects. The one on top is moved to the position of the one beneath it. That moves to the position of the one beneath that, and so on down the stack. The bottom object is moved to the position of the topmost item. Note, however, that it's just the positions that are changed, not the z-indexes, so the stacking order remains the same. The final button swaps the positions of the selected objects in a “clockwise” direction, based on the x and y coordinates of each object. | But what determines which object is first, second or third? That's simply down to which button you click. The first button bases it on which order the objects were selected in – so it's best to hold shift and click on each one individually to ensure you know the selection order. The second button uses the stacking order, or z-index, of the selected objects. The one on top is moved to the position of the one beneath it. That moves to the position of the one beneath that, and so on down the stack. The bottom object is moved to the position of the topmost item. Note, however, that it's just the positions that are changed, not the z-indexes, so the stacking order remains the same. The final button swaps the positions of the selected objects in a “clockwise” direction, based on the x and y coordinates of each object. | ||
- | Whilst these buttons are a welcome addition, I hope that their functionality will be expanded further in a future release. There' | + | Whilst these buttons are a welcome addition, I hope that their functionality will be expanded further in a future release. There' |
- | The “Randomise centers” button does exactly as its name suggests. Click it and your selected objects are randomly moved around. This may be useful if you've used the Spray tool or Tiled Clones dialog to create a lot of objects that you then want to randomly distribute – but the same effect can often be better achieved by using the Randomise fields in the Tiled Clones dialog, or with the Tweak tool (see part 22). | + | N' |
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+ | Mais comment sait-on quel objet est le premier, le second ou le troisième ? Ça dépend simplement du bouton sur lequel vous cliquez. Le premier bouton base l' | ||
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+ | Tout en reconnaissant que ces boutons sont un ajout bienvenu, j' | ||
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+ | **The “Randomise centers” button does exactly as its name suggests. Click it and your selected objects are randomly moved around. This may be useful if you've used the Spray tool or Tiled Clones dialog to create a lot of objects that you then want to randomly distribute – but the same effect can often be better achieved by using the Randomise fields in the Tiled Clones dialog, or with the Tweak tool (see part 22). | ||
The final button in this section is described as “Unclump objects”. In practice, it moves your objects a little in order to more evenly space the edge-to-edge distances. You can apply it repeatedly, but it will eventually reach equilibrium. It can be useful for neatly arranging objects in two dimensions – think of it as a 2D equivalent to the “equidistant spacing” buttons in the Distribute section. Be careful if your objects overlap too much, as it can tend to pull them all together into a single pile rather than separating them out – the exact opposite of “unclumping” in my book! | The final button in this section is described as “Unclump objects”. In practice, it moves your objects a little in order to more evenly space the edge-to-edge distances. You can apply it repeatedly, but it will eventually reach equilibrium. It can be useful for neatly arranging objects in two dimensions – think of it as a 2D equivalent to the “equidistant spacing” buttons in the Distribute section. Be careful if your objects overlap too much, as it can tend to pull them all together into a single pile rather than separating them out – the exact opposite of “unclumping” in my book! | ||
- | In fact, separating objects out is really the job of the last section in this dialog: Remove overlaps. The spinboxes allow you to specify the minimum distance between bounding boxes in both horizontal and vertical directions, whilst clicking the button at the right will actually perform the operation. You can use the H and V parameters to push your objects further apart by setting them to values greater than 0 (in pixels). You can also enter negative values, but doing so won't pull your objects closer together: because this is the minimum spacing, it simply means that already overlapping objects can continue to overlap to some degree. Do note that the calculations are based on the rectangular bounding boxes, though, so if you're working with objects such as circles you can sometimes find that their movements aren't what you expected. Take a look at the bounding boxes to see what really happened. | + | In fact, separating objects out is really the job of the last section in this dialog: Remove overlaps. The spinboxes allow you to specify the minimum distance between bounding boxes in both horizontal and vertical directions, whilst clicking the button at the right will actually perform the operation. You can use the H and V parameters to push your objects further apart by setting them to values greater than 0 (in pixels). You can also enter negative values, but doing so won't pull your objects closer together: because this is the minimum spacing, it simply means that already overlapping objects can continue to overlap to some degree. Do note that the calculations are based on the rectangular bounding boxes, though, so if you're working with objects such as circles you can sometimes find that their movements aren't what you expected. Take a look at the bounding boxes to see what really happened.** |
- | If you look again at the screenshot of this dialog, you might be forgiven for thinking that I've covered all of it, but that's only because you've been misled by a slight oddity in this dialog. On first opening it, there's a section at the bottom labelled “Nodes”, | + | Le bouton « Éparpiller les centres aléatoirement » fait exactement ce que son titre suggère. Cliquez dessus et vos objets sélectionnés sont éparpillés. Ceci peut être utile si vous utilisez l'outil Pulvériser ou la boîte de dialogue Clones en pavage pour créer beaucoup d'objets que vous voulez distribuer aléatoirement, mais le même effet peut être obtenu, en mieux, en utilisant les champs Hasard dans les Clones en pavage, ou avec l'outil Ajuster (voir partie 22). |
- | To use this mode, you must first select some nodes using the Node tool. You can even select nodes from multiple different paths, if you wish. Clicking on the first button will align the nodes along a single horizontal line that lies halfway between the top and bottom of the nodes' | + | |
- | Clicking both of the alignment buttons in succession is a quick way to collapse all the nodes down to a single point, and can be particularly useful for ensuring that nodes from different paths are co-located, such as when trying to fake the appearance of a connection between more than two paths at a single point. Unfortunately all the selected nodes move, with no option to use one as an anchor point, so, whilst it's a quick way to co-locate them, it's not so useful if you need them at a specific position. It's also important to note that this is just a visual effect – there' | + | Le dernier bouton de la section est appelé « Éparpiller les objets ». En réalité, il déplace un peu vos objets pour disposer d'une distance bord à bord plus régulière. Vous pouvez l' |
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+ | En fait, la séparation des objets est plutôt le résultat de la dernière section de la boîte de dialogue : Supprimer les chevauchements. Les cadrans vous permettent de spécifier la distance minimum séparant les boîtes englobantes horizontalement et verticalement ; l' | ||
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+ | **If you look again at the screenshot of this dialog, you might be forgiven for thinking that I've covered all of it, but that's only because you've been misled by a slight oddity in this dialog. On first opening it, there' | ||
+ | To use this mode, you must first select some nodes using the Node tool. You can even select nodes from multiple different paths, if you wish. Clicking on the first button will align the nodes along a single horizontal line that lies halfway between the top and bottom of the nodes' bounding box . The second button does the same trick along the vertical axis. There' | ||
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+ | Si vous regardez à nouveau la capture d' | ||
+ | Pour utiliser ce mode, vous devez d' | ||
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+ | **Clicking both of the alignment buttons in succession is a quick way to collapse all the nodes down to a single point, and can be particularly useful for ensuring that nodes from different paths are co-located, such as when trying to fake the appearance of a connection between more than two paths at a single point. Unfortunately all the selected nodes move, with no option to use one as an anchor point, so, whilst it's a quick way to co-locate them, it's not so useful if you need them at a specific position. It's also important to note that this is just a visual effect – there' | ||
The last two buttons in Node mode distribute the selected nodes evenly. Like the equivalent tool for objects, they are distributed between the nodes that are positioned furthest to the left and right (or top and bottom for vertical distribution). | The last two buttons in Node mode distribute the selected nodes evenly. Like the equivalent tool for objects, they are distributed between the nodes that are positioned furthest to the left and right (or top and bottom for vertical distribution). | ||
- | That concludes our tour of the Align and Distribute dialog. It may not offer all the options of a fully-fledged CAD application, | + | That concludes our tour of the Align and Distribute dialog. It may not offer all the options of a fully-fledged CAD application, |
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+ | Cliquer successivement sur les deux boutons d' | ||
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+ | Les deux derniers boutons du mode Nœuds répartissent les nœuds régulièrement. Comme l' | ||
+ | Ceci termine notre visite de la boîte de dialogue Aligner et distribuer. Elle n' |
issue99/inkscape.1438445037.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2015/08/01 18:03 de auntiee