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A joint research project between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bell Labs and General Electric ended in the 1960s. This project was called Multics. The last researchers on the project were Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, M.D. McEllroy and J.F. Ossanna. These researchers would continue working the Multics main end game: continuing the work that became the base to UNIX. This new OS started in 1970. The entire OS was rewritten in the C program language.
The first computer running UNIX was the PDP-7. UNIX was used as a word processor for the Bell Labs patent office in 1971. The success of UNIX in this fashion allowed a PDP-11 to be purchased and further improvements to the base code. UNIX came to the public in 1974 based off a published paper. The first license was sold to the University of Illinois in 1975.
From 1975 to 1980 Unix grew in academic circles. There were various UNIX variants, perhaps the most famous is BSD out of the University of California Berkeley. From 1980 to 1985 UNIX was commercialized and adopted by the commercial world.
In the late 1980’s, Sun Microsystems and AT&T Labs partnered to improve on UNIX. In 1992 ATT dissolved this partnership and sold the UNIX trademark to Novell. UNIX has shuffled owners a few times over the years.