issue125:inkscape
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- | En cours de traduction, ailleurs ;-) | + | **In parts 42 to 47 of this series, I described, in some detail, each of the “Live Path Effects” in Inkscape at the time, culminating with the new LPEs added in 0.91. Since then, the release of 0.92 has seen the addition of many new effects, so I’ll spend the next few articles introducing each of them. I will assume, however, that you’re already familiar with the idea of LPEs, as well as how to add and remove them. There are also a few user interface conventions that are common to many of the effects, which I’ll also assume familiarity with. If necessary, you might want to re-read the earlier parts of the series to remind yourself of the details. |
- | In parts 42 to 47 of this series, I described, in some detail, each of the “Live Path Effects” in Inkscape at the time, culminating | + | To begin with, we’ll take a look at a few LPEs that are also exposed through other parts of the Inkscape |
- | To begin with, we’ll take a look at a few LPEs that are also exposed through other parts of the Inkscape interface – the “convenience” effects that are bound to toolbar buttons in the Pencil | + | Dans les parties 42 à 47 de cette série, j'ai décrit, en détail, chacun des « Live Path Effects » (LPE - Effets de chemins dynamiques) présents dans Inkscape à l' |
- | Like Spiro shapes, BSpline paths are also smooth, with seamless transitions from one segment to the next. The difference, to the end user, is that Spiro paths are made of circular arcs defined by points that lay on the path itself; when you use the Node tool to edit the path, you simply change the position of the ends of each segment. BSpline | + | Pour commencer, nous jetterons un coup d'œil à quelques LPE qui sont aussi visibles dans d' |
- | Despite initial expectations, the handles that set the weight of each node can’t simply be dragged around – you have to also hold down the Shift key, for reasons | + | **Like Spiro shapes, BSpline paths are also smooth, with seamless transitions from one segment to the next. The difference, |
- | If you implicitly add the BSpline LPE by enabling | + | Despite initial expectations, |
- | As is often the case with the Path Effects dialog, the labelling and arrangement of the controls could definitely benefit from some improvement. For a start, the first thing you need to interact with is the last section of the dialog – the three checkboxes at the bottom. These dictate which of your nodes will be affected by changes to the upper half, and failing to set these correctly can result in too many, or too few, of your nodes being changed. | + | Comme les formes Spiro, les chemins BSplines sont lisses, avec des passages sans à-coups d'un segment à l' |
- | If the first checkbox is selected, any changes will affect only nodes with a weight of 0%. A better way of saying this is that the changes will affect only cusp nodes. The second checkbox does the same but for non-cusp nodes. Checking both allows changes to all nodes; checking neither will stop your changes affecting anything at all. The third checkbox further limits changes to only those nodes that are selected. The effects are cumulative, so if the just the first and third boxes are ticked, your changes will affect only the selected cusp nodes, and will not affect any non-cusp nodes, even if they’re also selected. | + | En dépit d' |
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+ | **If you implicitly add the BSpline LPE by enabling that mode in the Pencil or Bézier tools, you have extremely limited control over the effect. In the Pencil tool, the value of the smoothing field will have an impact on the number of nodes that are placed – set this too high and you’ll get very few nodes, with a BSpline that doesn’t really reflect what you’ve drawn. In the Bézier tool, the only choice you have is to either click to place a normal node, or Shift-click to place a cusp, or corner node. The latter has a weight of zero, allowing for sharp transitions in your otherwise smooth path. If, however, you explicitly add the BSpline LPE to a path – or if you open the Live Path Effect dialog for a path that’s had it implicitly added – you’ll get a few options in the UI to let you tweak your shape. | ||
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+ | As is often the case with the Path Effects dialog, the labelling and arrangement of the controls could definitely benefit from some improvement. For a start, the first thing you need to interact with is the last section of the dialog – the three checkboxes at the bottom. These dictate which of your nodes will be affected by changes to the upper half, and failing to set these correctly can result in too many, or too few, of your nodes being changed.** | ||
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+ | Si vous ajoutez implicitement le LPE BSpline en autorisant ce mode dans les outils Dessin à main levé ou Courbes de Bézier, vous avez une maîtrise extrêmement limitée de l' | ||
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+ | Comme souvent dans le dialogue des LPE, les étiquettes et la mise en page des contrôles pourraient vraiment être améliorées. Pour commencer, la dernière section du dialogue - les trois cases à cocher du bas - est la première chose sur laquelle vous devez agir. Celles-ci décident des nœuds qui seront affectés par les changements de la moitié du haut, et, en oubliant de les régler correctement, | ||
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+ | **If the first checkbox is selected, any changes will affect only nodes with a weight of 0%. A better way of saying this is that the changes will affect only cusp nodes. The second checkbox does the same but for non-cusp nodes. Checking both allows changes to all nodes; checking neither will stop your changes affecting anything at all. The third checkbox further limits changes to only those nodes that are selected. The effects are cumulative, so if the just the first and third boxes are ticked, your changes will affect only the selected cusp nodes, and will not affect any non-cusp nodes, even if they’re also selected. | ||
Moving to the top half, the Default Weight button sets the nodes to a weight of 33.333%. In other words, it positions the node handles a third of the way from one node to the next. Make Cusp, as you might imagine, turns the nodes into cusp nodes. It obviously makes sense to use this only if the second checkbox is also ticked. | Moving to the top half, the Default Weight button sets the nodes to a weight of 33.333%. In other words, it positions the node handles a third of the way from one node to the next. Make Cusp, as you might imagine, turns the nodes into cusp nodes. It obviously makes sense to use this only if the second checkbox is also ticked. | ||
- | Change Weight % lets you adjust the weight of all the targeted nodes. It should probably be labelled “Set Weight”, as putting a value in here sets an absolute value, not a relative one. For example, putting 25 in will set the handles to a quarter of the distance between the node and its neighbours – it won’t adjust their existing positions by 25%. | + | Change Weight % lets you adjust the weight of all the targeted nodes. It should probably be labelled “Set Weight”, as putting a value in here sets an absolute value, not a relative one. For example, putting 25 in will set the handles to a quarter of the distance between the node and its neighbours – it won’t adjust their existing positions by 25%.** |
- | There is a convenience feature when changing the positions of the handles interactively on the canvas: if you hold down Ctrl rather than Shift, you can set the handles to pre-set positions. By default, these are at 0% (cusp node), 33%, 66% and 100%. Given that the two extremes are always possible, the “Steps with CTRL” option lets you define how many intermediate steps are available. Set this to 3, for example, to get steps at 25%, 50% and 75%. As for the “Helper size” control, your guess is as good as mine! As far as I can tell, it simply draws some circles on your path of the specified size. How these are meant to help you, I don’t know. | + | Si la première case à cocher est sélectionnée, tout changement affectera seulement les nœuds avec un poids de 0%. Autrement dit, ceci n' |
- | In practical terms, the controls available through the LPE dialog are of questionable benefit. For artistic purposes, you’re more likely to just adjust the node positions and weight handles on the canvas until your path is visually of the right shape. Personally, I find the BSpline option on the Pencil tool to be of little use, as it’s tricky to get the smoothing to just the right balance between too little effect and too much. On the Bézier tool, however, it makes much more sense. You can click-click-click to define the shape of your object, and an outline of the BSpline path is shown interactively as you do so, letting you more clearly see what the result will look like when you finish. With 0.92, this interactivity also extends to the Spiro option on the Bézier tool, which makes this mode much easier to work with too. | + | Dans la partie supérieure, le bouton Poids par défaut règle les nœuds à un poids de 33,333%. En d' |
- | The Pencil tool has acquired another LPE shortcut, which is potentially far more useful: Smoothing. When drawing with the Pencil tool, Inkscape will tend to create lots of nodes, faithfully reproducing every jitter and bump your hand makes as you move the mouse or stylus around. Smoothing attempts to compensate for this by averaging out your movements to create a smoother – arguably more “vectorish” – path. By adjusting the amount of smoothing applied, you can find the right trade-off between faithful reproduction and oversimplification. | + | La modification de « Modifier le poids en % » vous permet d' |
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+ | **There is a convenience feature when changing the positions of the handles interactively on the canvas: if you hold down Ctrl rather than Shift, you can set the handles to pre-set positions. By default, these are at 0% (cusp node), 33%, 66% and 100%. Given that the two extremes are always possible, the “Steps with CTRL” option lets you define how many intermediate steps are available. Set this to 3, for example, to get steps at 25%, 50% and 75%. As for the “Helper size” control, your guess is as good as mine! As far as I can tell, it simply draws some circles on your path of the specified size. How these are meant to help you, I don’t know. | ||
+ | |||
+ | In practical terms, the controls available through the LPE dialog are of questionable benefit. For artistic purposes, you’re more likely to just adjust the node positions and weight handles on the canvas until your path is visually of the right shape. Personally, I find the BSpline option on the Pencil tool to be of little use, as it’s tricky to get the smoothing to just the right balance between too little effect and too much. On the Bézier tool, however, it makes much more sense. You can click-click-click to define the shape of your object, and an outline of the BSpline path is shown interactively as you do so, letting you more clearly see what the result will look like when you finish. With 0.92, this interactivity also extends to the Spiro option on the Bézier tool, which makes this mode much easier to work with too.** | ||
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+ | Il y a une fonctionnalité pratique quand les positions de poignées sont bougées interactivement sur le canevas : si vous maintenez enfoncé Ctrl plutôt que Maj, vous pouvez placer les poignées sur des positions pré-définies. Par défaut, ce sont 0% (pointe), 33%, 66% et 100%. Étant donné que les deux extrêmes sont toujours possibles, l' | ||
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+ | En termes directs, les contrôles disponibles via le dialogue LPE sont d'un intérêt discutable. Pour des besoins artistiques, | ||
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+ | **The Pencil tool has acquired another LPE shortcut, which is potentially far more useful: Smoothing. When drawing with the Pencil tool, Inkscape will tend to create lots of nodes, faithfully reproducing every jitter and bump your hand makes as you move the mouse or stylus around. Smoothing attempts to compensate for this by averaging out your movements to create a smoother – arguably more “vectorish” – path. By adjusting the amount of smoothing applied, you can find the right trade-off between faithful reproduction and oversimplification. | ||
The trouble with this process in the past was that smoothing was applied only at the point of recording your movements. You would set the smoothing control and Inkscape would average your movements as you went along, completely replacing the original position data with its own calculated equivalents. If you set the smoothing control too high, there was no way to reduce it afterwards and regain some of your finer details. | The trouble with this process in the past was that smoothing was applied only at the point of recording your movements. You would set the smoothing control and Inkscape would average your movements as you went along, completely replacing the original position data with its own calculated equivalents. If you set the smoothing control too high, there was no way to reduce it afterwards and regain some of your finer details. | ||
- | Looking back to the toolbar image at the start of this article, you can see the smoothing slider after the BSpline button (note to the Inkscape developers: make this control a bit wider, and you could populate it with something more useful than “Smoo…”). Immediately after that is a new button that toggles between the previous smoothing method, and the new LPE-based approach. If the LPE Smoothing button is selected, an additional new button appears besides it, as shown in the screenshot, which looks like a pair of wonky spectacles. | + | Looking back to the toolbar image at the start of this article, you can see the smoothing slider after the BSpline button (note to the Inkscape developers: make this control a bit wider, and you could populate it with something more useful than “Smoo…”). Immediately after that is a new button that toggles between the previous smoothing method, and the new LPE-based approach. If the LPE Smoothing button is selected, an additional new button appears besides it, as shown in the screenshot, which looks like a pair of wonky spectacles.** |
- | With the LPE Smoothing button toggled off, the Pencil tool will behave as it always has (see part 18 of this series for a little more detail). In this mode, you set a smoothing value, then draw something and see it converted into a simplified version of your original path. Select it and check the status bar to see how many nodes it has: high levels of smoothing can produce paths with drastically reduced numbers. With the path selected, switch back to the Pencil tool and try modifying the smoothing value. You should see no change to your path, or the number of nodes it has – all you’re doing is changing the smoothness value that will be used for the next path you draw. | + | L' |
- | Now toggle the LPE button on, and repeat the exercise. As you draw, you’ll see the original rough path, which then gets converted into a smoother version when you finish. Switch to the selection tool to check the number of nodes; again you’ll see a low number, but this time it also says “path effect: Simplify”, | + | Dans le passé, le problème avec ce procédé était que le lissage n' |
- | To achieve this feat, Inkscape actually stores the original path, as though you had set smoothness to its lowest value. It then automatically applies the Simplify LPE, which does the same job as the Path > Simplify option, except that it does so as a live (and reversible) process. | + | En revenant sur l' |
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+ | **With the LPE Smoothing button toggled off, the Pencil tool will behave as it always has (see part 18 of this series for a little more detail). In this mode, you set a smoothing value, then draw something and see it converted into a simplified version of your original path. Select it and check the status bar to see how many nodes it has: high levels of smoothing can produce paths with drastically reduced numbers. With the path selected, switch back to the Pencil tool and try modifying the smoothing value. You should see no change to your path, or the number of nodes it has – all you’re doing is changing the smoothness value that will be used for the next path you draw. | ||
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+ | Now toggle the LPE button on, and repeat the exercise. As you draw, you’ll see the original rough path, which then gets converted into a smoother version when you finish. Switch to the selection tool to check the number of nodes; again you’ll see a low number, but this time it also says “path effect: Simplify”, | ||
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+ | Lorsque le bouton du Lissage LPE est désactivé, | ||
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+ | Maintenant, enfoncez le bouton des LPE et répétez l' | ||
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+ | **To achieve this feat, Inkscape actually stores the original path, as though you had set smoothness to its lowest value. It then automatically applies the Simplify LPE, which does the same job as the Path > Simplify option, except that it does so as a live (and reversible) process. | ||
There’s no doubt that the added flexibility of the Simplify LPE can be a huge advantage, so why would you ever want to turn it off? Well, as you might expect, such flexibility comes with a cost: in this case, it’s the cost of processing the LPE every time the path is rendered or changed. For one or two paths it might not have much of an impact, but, as with filters, too many live effects can rapidly drag your PC to a crawl. There is, however, a compromise in the form of the wonky glasses button. Clicking this will “flatten” the path by replacing the original shape with the output from the Simplify LPE, then removing the effect completely. This fixes the smoothness so you can no longer alter it by adjusting the slider – but it also means that Inkscape no longer has to calculate it in real-time. | There’s no doubt that the added flexibility of the Simplify LPE can be a huge advantage, so why would you ever want to turn it off? Well, as you might expect, such flexibility comes with a cost: in this case, it’s the cost of processing the LPE every time the path is rendered or changed. For one or two paths it might not have much of an impact, but, as with filters, too many live effects can rapidly drag your PC to a crawl. There is, however, a compromise in the form of the wonky glasses button. Clicking this will “flatten” the path by replacing the original shape with the output from the Simplify LPE, then removing the effect completely. This fixes the smoothness so you can no longer alter it by adjusting the slider – but it also means that Inkscape no longer has to calculate it in real-time. | ||
- | If you open the Live Path Effects dialog, you’ll find that the Simplify LPE has a few controls to let you tweak the effect. | + | If you open the Live Path Effects dialog, you’ll find that the Simplify LPE has a few controls to let you tweak the effect.** |
- | The Steps value sets the number of times that the Simplify algorithm should be applied – it’s the live equivalent of selecting Path > Simplify multiple times in succession. The bewilderingly named ‘Roughly Threshold’ parameter is the value that gets changed when you move the smoothness slider in the Pencil tool’s controls. This sets the strength of each pass of the algorithm and is what primarily defines the amount of simplification that is performed. Unfortunately, it seems to operate over a peculiar range of numbers: it is rather non-linear, with the most effect occurring at really rather small values. Fractions down to hundredths or thousandths of a unit aren’t uncommon. This control would probably have been better as a slider, mirroring the smoothness control in the Pencil tool, and operating over a normalized range of values. As it stands, I recommend starting as low as you can (enter zero and Inkscape will set it to the smallest allowed value), then use your mouse-wheel over the control to adjust the value until you have the appearance you want. | + | Pour accomplir ce tour de force, Inkscape stocke en fait le chemin original comme si vous aviez mis le lissage à sa valeur la plus basse. Ensuite, il applique automatiquement le LPE Simplifier qui fait le même travail que l' |
- | The Smooth Angles control allows you to affect how the algorithm deals with cusp nodes. With this set at its maximum of 360, all nodes will be smoothed. By reducing this value, you can set a cut-off for the angle between the handles of a cusp node, above which the algorithm won’t change the node. Consider | + | Il n'y a pas de doute que la flexibilité ajoutée au LPE Simplifier peut être un avantage énorme ; aussi, pourquoi vouloir l' |
- | Next is another Helper Size control. As with the one in the BSpline UI, this causes circles (and in this case also squares) to be drawn on the path – but I still have no idea how that’s supposed to help you! The Just Coalesce button below it is also a mystery to me: it seems to have some effect on the shape of the final path, but the details of what it’s doing are less than obvious. | + | Si vous ouvrez le dialogue d' |
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+ | **The Steps value sets the number of times that the Simplify algorithm should be applied – it’s the live equivalent of selecting Path > Simplify multiple times in succession. The bewilderingly named ‘Roughly Threshold’ parameter is the value that gets changed when you move the smoothness slider in the Pencil tool’s controls. This sets the strength of each pass of the algorithm and is what primarily defines the amount of simplification that is performed. Unfortunately, | ||
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+ | The Smooth Angles control allows you to affect how the algorithm deals with cusp nodes. With this set at its maximum of 360, all nodes will be smoothed. By reducing this value, you can set a cut-off for the angle between the handles of a cusp node, above which the algorithm won’t change the node. Consider a right-angle in your path: by setting this value to 80, the right-angled cusp (where the handles make an angle of 90°) won’t be smoothed, and you’ll have a nice sharp corner. Set it to 90 or more, however, and the right-angle will be smoothed, softening your shape. If you have tight angles in your path that you want to keep sharp, play with this parameter. It doesn’t seem to work so well on acute angles, though.** | ||
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+ | La valeur Incréments règle le nombre de fois que l' | ||
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+ | Le contrôle des Angles doux vous permet d' | ||
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+ | **Next is another Helper Size control. As with the one in the BSpline UI, this causes circles (and in this case also squares) to be drawn on the path – but I still have no idea how that’s supposed to help you! The Just Coalesce button below it is also a mystery to me: it seems to have some effect on the shape of the final path, but the details of what it’s doing are less than obvious. | ||
That just leaves the Paths Separately button – for which I’m going to hazard a guess as to the function, based purely on the name. The Simplify LPE may be applied to a complex path – one made up of multiple sub-paths – or even to a group of path objects. Toggling this button on seems to apply the effect individually to each sub-path, or each path in a group. Leaving it off applies the effect to all of the paths or sub-paths as one. The distinction – and the effect it will generally have – is a subtle one, and probably not worth further consideration for most users. | That just leaves the Paths Separately button – for which I’m going to hazard a guess as to the function, based purely on the name. The Simplify LPE may be applied to a complex path – one made up of multiple sub-paths – or even to a group of path objects. Toggling this button on seems to apply the effect individually to each sub-path, or each path in a group. Leaving it off applies the effect to all of the paths or sub-paths as one. The distinction – and the effect it will generally have – is a subtle one, and probably not worth further consideration for most users. | ||
- | This approach of exposing LPEs as buttons and options in other tools is, I think, a good one. It opens up these advanced capabilities to users who might otherwise be put off by the sometimes complex appearance of the Live Path Effects dialog, whilst still allowing advanced users access to the (sometimes bewildering) controls. But this article has barely touched on the LPEs added in 0.92, and the others aren’t so easily accessed. Next month, we’ll be taking a look at some of the other new effects, so if you do need a refresher on using LPEs, now’s the time to start reading those back issues of FCM that are sitting on your hard drive. | + | This approach of exposing LPEs as buttons and options in other tools is, I think, a good one. It opens up these advanced capabilities to users who might otherwise be put off by the sometimes complex appearance of the Live Path Effects dialog, whilst still allowing advanced users access to the (sometimes bewildering) controls. But this article has barely touched on the LPEs added in 0.92, and the others aren’t so easily accessed. Next month, we’ll be taking a look at some of the other new effects, so if you do need a refresher on using LPEs, now’s the time to start reading those back issues of FCM that are sitting on your hard drive.** |
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+ | Le suivant est un autre contrôle de Taille de la poignée. Comme pour celui de l' | ||
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+ | Il nous reste le bouton Chemins séparément et je vais risquer une supposition sur sa fonction, basée tout simplement sur le nom. Le LPE Simplifier peut être appliqué à un chemin complexe - un chemin fait de multiples sous-chemins ou même à un groupe d' | ||
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+ | Cette approche d' | ||
issue125/inkscape.1506877188.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2017/10/01 18:59 de auntiee