issue152:tutoriel1
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Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue152:tutoriel1 [2020/01/03 19:45] – d52fr | issue152:tutoriel1 [2020/01/05 17:35] (Version actuelle) – auntiee | ||
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**There are a number of good books & articles on how to use Computer Aided Design software, including Alan Ward’s FreeCAD published in Full Circle, but I have found it difficult to find out how to set up CAD software to print out on a fixed size of paper to a specific scale. The following is how I have been able to achieve this. ** | **There are a number of good books & articles on how to use Computer Aided Design software, including Alan Ward’s FreeCAD published in Full Circle, but I have found it difficult to find out how to set up CAD software to print out on a fixed size of paper to a specific scale. The following is how I have been able to achieve this. ** | ||
- | Pas mal de bons livres et articles existent sur la manière d' | + | Pas mal de bons livres et articles existent sur la manière d' |
**A bit of CAD background | **A bit of CAD background | ||
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Quelques notions de CAD | Quelques notions de CAD | ||
- | Bon nombre de sources affirment que la CAD date de la fin des années 50, que Dr. Patrick J. Hanratty développa un programme de pilotage numérique qui était appelé PRONTO. En 1960, Ivan Sutherland, qui travaillait dans la laboratoire américain Lincoln au MIT, a créé SKETCHPAD, qui ressemblait plus au logiciels de conception graphique qui nous utilisons aujourd' | + | Bon nombre de sources affirment que la CAD date de la fin des années 50, quand Dr. Patrick J. Hanratty développa un programme de pilotage numérique qui était appelé PRONTO. En 1960, Ivan Sutherland, qui travaillait dans la laboratoire américain Lincoln au MIT, a créé SKETCHPAD, qui ressemblait plus aux logiciels de conception graphique qui nous utilisons aujourd' |
- | Dans le passé, les concepteurs utilisaient un stylo / un crayon et écrivaient sur du tissu / du papier, pour produire un dessin qu'il souhaitaient réaliser ou mettre de côté pour une utilisation ultérieure.Cet original était reproduit en utilsant | + | Dans le passé, les concepteurs utilisaient un stylo/un crayon et écrivaient sur du tissu/du papier, pour produire un dessin qu'ils souhaitaient réaliser ou mettre de côté pour une utilisation ultérieure. Cet original était reproduit en utilisant |
**Some of the past designers would produce their work on paper, full size. In the car industry, they had large drawing boards as well as large tables and wall areas to draw their designs to full size. | **Some of the past designers would produce their work on paper, full size. In the car industry, they had large drawing boards as well as large tables and wall areas to draw their designs to full size. | ||
To this day, we also draw designs full size, but use computers to produce files that we can edit, save, publish, and print. But, we do not usually reproduce the print full-size. Sometimes we want to reproduce the print of a large physical design on a smaller scale or, if the physical design is small, we may want to reproduce the print on a bigger scale. So that we all understand what is being reproduced on the print, we have standards that we use for both paper sizes and representative scales.** | To this day, we also draw designs full size, but use computers to produce files that we can edit, save, publish, and print. But, we do not usually reproduce the print full-size. Sometimes we want to reproduce the print of a large physical design on a smaller scale or, if the physical design is small, we may want to reproduce the print on a bigger scale. So that we all understand what is being reproduced on the print, we have standards that we use for both paper sizes and representative scales.** | ||
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+ | Certains de ces anciens concepteurs produisaient leur travail sur papier, à échelle réelle. Dans l' | ||
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+ | À l' | ||
**These standards are organized by ‘International Organization for Standardization’ (ISO). Because ‘International Organization for Standardization’ would have different acronyms in different languages (IOS in English, OIN in French for Organisation internationale de normalisation), | **These standards are organized by ‘International Organization for Standardization’ (ISO). Because ‘International Organization for Standardization’ would have different acronyms in different languages (IOS in English, OIN in French for Organisation internationale de normalisation), | ||
There are a number of ISO paper sizes from A0 (‘A’ Zero) to A7. Most home printers take the ISO paper size of A4, which is 297mm high by 210 mm wide. The ISO ‘A’ paper sizes; one could say that it starts with A0 which is 1189mm by 841mm. To get to the next size down (A1), one folds the A0 paper in half which becomes 841 by 594. Again to get to the next size down (A2), one folds the A1 paper again in half which becomes 594 by 420. S** | There are a number of ISO paper sizes from A0 (‘A’ Zero) to A7. Most home printers take the ISO paper size of A4, which is 297mm high by 210 mm wide. The ISO ‘A’ paper sizes; one could say that it starts with A0 which is 1189mm by 841mm. To get to the next size down (A1), one folds the A0 paper in half which becomes 841 by 594. Again to get to the next size down (A2), one folds the A1 paper again in half which becomes 594 by 420. S** | ||
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+ | Ces normes sont organisées par l' | ||
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+ | Un certain nombre de tailles de papier ISO existent, de A0 (« A » zéro) à A7. La plupart des imprimantes domestiques acceptent la taille de papier ISO A4, de 297 mm de haut pour 210 mm de large. Des tailles de papier ISO « A », on pourrait dire qu' | ||
**To enable designs to be reproduced on paper, the full-size design has to be scaled to fit. There are a number of standard scales that are used which include 1 to 50, 1 to 100, 1 to 200, etc, and they are usually written as 1:50, or 1:100, or 1:200. The unit of 1 on the printed drawing would represent 50 or 100 or 200 units of the design. | **To enable designs to be reproduced on paper, the full-size design has to be scaled to fit. There are a number of standard scales that are used which include 1 to 50, 1 to 100, 1 to 200, etc, and they are usually written as 1:50, or 1:100, or 1:200. The unit of 1 on the printed drawing would represent 50 or 100 or 200 units of the design. | ||
The scales can also be shown as 1:50 = 0.02, or 1:100 = 0.01, or 1:200 = 0.005. ** | The scales can also be shown as 1:50 = 0.02, or 1:100 = 0.01, or 1:200 = 0.005. ** | ||
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+ | Pour permettre une reproduction des dessins sur papier, la conception à pleine échelle doit être mise à une échelle qui convient. Il existe un bon nombre d' | ||
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+ | Les échelles peuvent aussi être représentées de cette façon : 1:50 = 0.02 ou 1:100 = 0.01 ou 1:200 = 0.005. | ||
**Deciding on paper size and scale | **Deciding on paper size and scale | ||
Ligne 34: | Ligne 46: | ||
All drawings require a border. The standard line thickness of the border is 0.6mm. The top, right & bottom margins should be 10mm and the left margin should be 20mm. This applies for all sheets sizes A0, A1, A2, A3, A4. Notice that the left margin is larger to allow space for binding a drawing set.** | All drawings require a border. The standard line thickness of the border is 0.6mm. The top, right & bottom margins should be 10mm and the left margin should be 20mm. This applies for all sheets sizes A0, A1, A2, A3, A4. Notice that the left margin is larger to allow space for binding a drawing set.** | ||
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+ | Décider de la taille du papier et de l' | ||
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+ | Après avoir décidé ce que vous allez dessiner, vous avez besoin de décider comment et pour qui vous sortirez le dessin. Ce pourrait être un charpentier ou un bâtisseur qui va réaliser quelque chose pour vous, ou ce peut être un jardinier ou un paysagiste qui agencera quelque chose pour vous. | ||
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+ | D' | ||
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+ | Tous les dessins ont besoin d'une marge. L' | ||
**The table lists the ISO sizes including the actual paper measurements and the corresponding full size drawing measurements under a number of different scale options, note all units are in millimetres. The tables values are for non-uniform borders, i.e. 20mm to the left and 10mm on the other edges. | **The table lists the ISO sizes including the actual paper measurements and the corresponding full size drawing measurements under a number of different scale options, note all units are in millimetres. The tables values are for non-uniform borders, i.e. 20mm to the left and 10mm on the other edges. | ||
Let us do a dry run. Say that you want a gardener / landscaper to alter your back garden. First measure your garden width & length. At this stage, all one needs to do is pace out the measurements, | Let us do a dry run. Say that you want a gardener / landscaper to alter your back garden. First measure your garden width & length. At this stage, all one needs to do is pace out the measurements, | ||
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+ | La table liste les tailles ISO avec les mesures réelles du papier et les mesures du dessin à pleine taille dans un certain nombre d' | ||
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+ | Faisons un essai à blanc. Disons que vous voulez qu'un jardinier/ | ||
**The 1:50 scale on an A4 paper has a usable area equal to a full size measurement of 10 metres by 14.35 metres. Depending on what changes you want to show on your drawing, there may be enough space. If there is a lot of detail, and some written explanations needed on the drawing, the A4 paper can still be used but use a scale of 1:100 which has a usable area equal to a full size measurement of 20 metres by 28.7 metres. An alternative would be to draw on a paper size of A3 using a scale of 1:50, then save the drawing full size as a pdf file and get a printing company to print it out full size for you. Another alternative would be to print out the saved pdf file on your home printer on A4 paper, but the drawing would not be to scale. | **The 1:50 scale on an A4 paper has a usable area equal to a full size measurement of 10 metres by 14.35 metres. Depending on what changes you want to show on your drawing, there may be enough space. If there is a lot of detail, and some written explanations needed on the drawing, the A4 paper can still be used but use a scale of 1:100 which has a usable area equal to a full size measurement of 20 metres by 28.7 metres. An alternative would be to draw on a paper size of A3 using a scale of 1:50, then save the drawing full size as a pdf file and get a printing company to print it out full size for you. Another alternative would be to print out the saved pdf file on your home printer on A4 paper, but the drawing would not be to scale. | ||
Let us try another dry run. You want to draw up a building (it could be a shed / outbuilding) that is 3 metres wide by 5 metres long and has a top roof height of 4 meters. Usually when designing buildings, there are a number of views recorded on the one drawing. These include a front view elevation, up to two side view elevations, a back view elevation, and a plan view.** | Let us try another dry run. You want to draw up a building (it could be a shed / outbuilding) that is 3 metres wide by 5 metres long and has a top roof height of 4 meters. Usually when designing buildings, there are a number of views recorded on the one drawing. These include a front view elevation, up to two side view elevations, a back view elevation, and a plan view.** | ||
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+ | L' | ||
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+ | Faisons un autre essai à blanc. Vous voulez dessiner un immeuble (ce pourrait être un hangar/une dépendance qui a trois mêtres de large pour 5 mètres de long, avec le sommet du toit à une hauteur de 4 mètres. Habituellement, | ||
**With the plan view in the middle, with a front elevation below, a back elevation above, and a side elevation both left & right of the plan, we can work out the maximum real size needed. The plan would be a 3 x 5 metre oblong, the front elevation would be a 4 x 5 metre oblong as would the back elevation, the two side elevations would be 3 x 5 metre oblongs. Thus the overall size would be 13 metres wide by 11 metres high, but only if the elevations butted up to each other. To enable the drawing to be viewed easily we would have at least 2 metres, or more, between each elevation, thus the overall size becomes 17 metres wide by 15 metres high. But to have enough space to add comments, lists of parts, title boxes, and other information, | **With the plan view in the middle, with a front elevation below, a back elevation above, and a side elevation both left & right of the plan, we can work out the maximum real size needed. The plan would be a 3 x 5 metre oblong, the front elevation would be a 4 x 5 metre oblong as would the back elevation, the two side elevations would be 3 x 5 metre oblongs. Thus the overall size would be 13 metres wide by 11 metres high, but only if the elevations butted up to each other. To enable the drawing to be viewed easily we would have at least 2 metres, or more, between each elevation, thus the overall size becomes 17 metres wide by 15 metres high. But to have enough space to add comments, lists of parts, title boxes, and other information, | ||
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+ | Avec la vue plane au milieu, la vue de face en élévation dessous, une vue arrière en élévation au-dessus, et chaque vue latérale en élévation à droite et à gauche, nous pouvons déterminer la taille réelle maximum nécessaire. Le plan serait un rectangle de 3 x 5 mètres, la vue de face en élévation mesurerait 4 x 5 mètres, comme celle de l' | ||
**LibreCAD | **LibreCAD | ||
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Open LibreCAD and set the paper size to A3 by clicking on the headings: Edit, Current Drawing Preferences (to open a sub window), Drawing Preferences, | Open LibreCAD and set the paper size to A3 by clicking on the headings: Edit, Current Drawing Preferences (to open a sub window), Drawing Preferences, | ||
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+ | LibreCAD | ||
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+ | LibreCAD est un logiciel gratuit et Open Source, disponible à tout un chacun pour l' | ||
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+ | Avec la version 2.0.9 de LibreCAD tournant sous Ubuntu 16.04, les actions suivantes ont été utilisées pour paramétrer un dessin à imprimer sur du papier A3 à l' | ||
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+ | Ouvrez LibreCAD et fixez la taille du papier sur A3 en cliquant sur les titres : Édition, Préférences du dessin courant (pour ouvrir une sous-fenêtre Préférences du dessin) et, dans l' | ||
**Add two new Layers by clicking on the heading: Layer, Add Layer, or by clicking on the add [+] sign under the Layer List heading to open a sub window named Layer Settings. Name the first new layer 95-BK-Border, | **Add two new Layers by clicking on the heading: Layer, Add Layer, or by clicking on the add [+] sign under the Layer List heading to open a sub window named Layer Settings. Name the first new layer 95-BK-Border, | ||
With the 97-Y-Paper layer highlighted, | With the 97-Y-Paper layer highlighted, | ||
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+ | Ajoutez deux nouveaux calques en cliquant sur les entêtes : Calque, Ajouter calque ou en cliquant sur le signe [+] sous le titre Liste des calques pour ouvrir une sous-fenêtre nommée Paramètres du calque. Nommez le premier calque 95-BK-Border, | ||
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+ | En ayant sélectionné le calque 97-Y-Paper, cliquez sur la ligne de saisie de commande, qui devrait montrer qu' | ||
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**On the Command line enter:- | **On the Command line enter:- | ||
Ligne 79: | Ligne 122: | ||
Let’s look at what the drawing would look like.** | Let’s look at what the drawing would look like.** | ||
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+ | Sur la ligne de commande, entrez : | ||
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+ | rec < | ||
+ | {raccourci pour la commande d'un rectangle} | ||
+ | 0,0 < | ||
+ | {spécifie le premier coin} | ||
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+ | 42000,29700 < | ||
+ | {spécifie le second coin} | ||
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+ | za < | ||
+ | {raccourci pour la commande Zoom Auto} | ||
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+ | [sélectionnez le calque 95-BK-Border et saisissez sur la ligne de commande] | ||
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+ | 2000,1000 < | ||
+ | {spécifie le premier coin de la ligne de bordure} | ||
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+ | 39000,27700 < | ||
+ | {spécifie la second coin de la ligne de bordure} | ||
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+ | Regardons à quoi ressemble le dessin. | ||
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**Click on File, Print Preview to view print preview, then move the cursor over the preview area which displays a numbered box and three icons. Click on the numbered box and change the number to ‘1:100’ and press < | **Click on File, Print Preview to view print preview, then move the cursor over the preview area which displays a numbered box and three icons. Click on the numbered box and change the number to ‘1:100’ and press < | ||
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+ | Cliquez sur Fichier, Aperçu avant impression pour voir l' | ||
**To save the drawing, click on File, Save as – to open a sub window Save Drawing As. Edit the ‘Look In’ box to show the path to your required storage folder, i.e. / | **To save the drawing, click on File, Save as – to open a sub window Save Drawing As. Edit the ‘Look In’ box to show the path to your required storage folder, i.e. / | ||
This drawing file can then be used as your source file to be copied, renamed, and used to draw your shed / outbuilding in full size. ** | This drawing file can then be used as your source file to be copied, renamed, and used to draw your shed / outbuilding in full size. ** | ||
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+ | Pour sauvegarder le dessin, cliquez sur Fichier, Enregistrer sous - pour ouvrir une sous-fenêtre Enregister le dessin sous. Modifiez le champ « Look in » (Nom) pour afficher le chemin du dossier de stockage désiré, par ex. / | ||
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+ | Ce fichier de dessin peut ensuite être utilisé comme fichier source pour être copié, renommé et utilisé pour dessiner votre hangar/ | ||
issue152/tutoriel1.1578077122.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2020/01/03 19:45 de d52fr