issue164:inkscape
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue164:inkscape [2020/12/29 15:58] – d52fr | issue164:inkscape [2020/12/30 15:57] (Version actuelle) – andre_domenech | ||
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**This month, we’ll be continuing to look at the changes in Inkscape’s drawing tools that arrived with version 1.0.** | **This month, we’ll be continuing to look at the changes in Inkscape’s drawing tools that arrived with version 1.0.** | ||
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+ | Ce mois-ci, nous allons continuer à regarder les changements dans les outils de dessin apparus avec la version 1.0. | ||
**Pencil Tool | **Pencil Tool | ||
Ligne 6: | Ligne 8: | ||
Whereas the first three entries in this section act as radio buttons, the new addition acts as a toggle. This seems a little odd to me, because toggling it ‘on’ immediately disables the other three buttons. It’s still only possible to have one option exclusively selected (the hallmark of radio buttons), so I don’t really understand why this wasn’t just included as an extra radio button, rather than implemented as a toggle. What it does mean, though, is that switching to a different mode requires the additional step of turning off this toggle to re-enable the older buttons.** | Whereas the first three entries in this section act as radio buttons, the new addition acts as a toggle. This seems a little odd to me, because toggling it ‘on’ immediately disables the other three buttons. It’s still only possible to have one option exclusively selected (the hallmark of radio buttons), so I don’t really understand why this wasn’t just included as an extra radio button, rather than implemented as a toggle. What it does mean, though, is that switching to a different mode requires the additional step of turning off this toggle to re-enable the older buttons.** | ||
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+ | Outil crayon | ||
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+ | La dernière fois, j'ai parlé des changements apportés aux outils de Bézier et de calligraphie ; alors commençons cet article par le troisième des outils de dessin au trait, l' | ||
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+ | Alors que les trois premières entrées de cette section agissent comme des boutons radio, le nouvel ajout agit comme un bouton basculant. Cela me semble un peu étrange, car le fait de l' | ||
**Minor UI gripes aside, what does this button actually do? It enables pressure sensitivity for the tool, which is of no practical use to mouse users, but may be beneficial to tablet users. Time to dig out my ‘cheap-but-does-the-job’ Monoprice branded tablet; it’s no Wacom, but it works out-of-the-box on my Ubuntu Mate system and supports pressure sensitivity. | **Minor UI gripes aside, what does this button actually do? It enables pressure sensitivity for the tool, which is of no practical use to mouse users, but may be beneficial to tablet users. Time to dig out my ‘cheap-but-does-the-job’ Monoprice branded tablet; it’s no Wacom, but it works out-of-the-box on my Ubuntu Mate system and supports pressure sensitivity. | ||
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Before describing what those controls do, a brief recap of the way that the Pencil tool works is probably useful. Historically, | Before describing what those controls do, a brief recap of the way that the Pencil tool works is probably useful. Historically, | ||
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+ | Mis à part ces petits défauts de l' | ||
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+ | Lorsque le commutateur est activé, la barre de contrôle des outils change pour ressembler à l' | ||
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+ | Avant de décrire l' | ||
**More recent releases added a “Shape” pop-up menu. With that set to “None”, the behaviour remained as described above, but by selecting a different option in that menu, the behaviour of the Pencil tool changes dramatically. The shape you draw is no longer the stroke of a path, but rather it is a filled path in its own right. In 1.0, the shape is the result of applying a Live Path Effect onto the skeleton path you’ve drawn. The triangle-in and triangle-out shapes are created using the Power Stroke LPE, whereas the ellipse and clipboard-based shapes are produced using the Pattern Along Path LPE. As you can see, this tool relies heavily on LPEs for its more advanced features. | **More recent releases added a “Shape” pop-up menu. With that set to “None”, the behaviour remained as described above, but by selecting a different option in that menu, the behaviour of the Pencil tool changes dramatically. The shape you draw is no longer the stroke of a path, but rather it is a filled path in its own right. In 1.0, the shape is the result of applying a Live Path Effect onto the skeleton path you’ve drawn. The triangle-in and triangle-out shapes are created using the Power Stroke LPE, whereas the ellipse and clipboard-based shapes are produced using the Pattern Along Path LPE. As you can see, this tool relies heavily on LPEs for its more advanced features. | ||
This brings us back to the new pressure-sensitive mode. This is also implemented using the Power Stroke LPE, but whereas triangle-in and -out just have a single control point for setting the thickness of the triangle’s base, in pressure-sensitive mode, Inkscape creates multiple control points along the length of the drawn line – whenever there’s a significant change in pressure. The result is a line that moves from thin to thick and back, based on the pressure you apply, but with the ability to tweak the thickness of each part of the stroke by switching to the Node tool and manipulating the purple control points.** | This brings us back to the new pressure-sensitive mode. This is also implemented using the Power Stroke LPE, but whereas triangle-in and -out just have a single control point for setting the thickness of the triangle’s base, in pressure-sensitive mode, Inkscape creates multiple control points along the length of the drawn line – whenever there’s a significant change in pressure. The result is a line that moves from thin to thick and back, based on the pressure you apply, but with the ability to tweak the thickness of each part of the stroke by switching to the Node tool and manipulating the purple control points.** | ||
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+ | Des versions plus récentes ont ajouté un menu contextuel « Forme ». Avec ce réglage sur « Aucun », le comportement est resté le même que celui décrit ci-dessus, mais en sélectionnant une option différente dans ce menu, le comportement de l' | ||
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+ | Cela nous ramène au nouveau mode sensible à la pression. Il est également mis en œuvre à l'aide de l'ECI Contour dynamique, mais alors que les triangles croissants et décroissants ne possèdent qu'un seul point de contrôle pour régler l' | ||
**You can see the effect in the image below. The top line was created with the shape control set to “None”: it’s a simple path with nodes at the ends, but no way to adjust the stroke thickness along its length. The second line used “Triangle-out”, | **You can see the effect in the image below. The top line was created with the shape control set to “None”: it’s a simple path with nodes at the ends, but no way to adjust the stroke thickness along its length. The second line used “Triangle-out”, | ||
- | Knowing that this mode enables the Power Stroke LPE makes it easier to understand what the various controls on the tool control bar do. Min and Max set the minimum and maximum values for the purple control points. The Caps control sets the shape of the end caps, and mirrors the corresponding control within the LPE itself.** | ||
- | **For my tablet, setting a Min of 0 and a Max of 20, with round end caps and a small amount of smoothing (around 10 on this scale), gives a nice “marker-pen” effect that responds quite nicely to the pressure I tend to apply to the stylus. Potentially, | + | Knowing that this mode enables the Power Stroke LPE makes it easier to understand what the various controls on the tool control bar do. Min and Max set the minimum and maximum values for the purple control points. The Caps control sets the shape of the end caps, and mirrors the corresponding control within the LPE itself. |
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+ | For my tablet, setting a Min of 0 and a Max of 20, with round end caps and a small amount of smoothing (around 10 on this scale), gives a nice “marker-pen” effect that responds quite nicely to the pressure I tend to apply to the stylus. Potentially, | ||
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+ | Vous pouvez en voir l' | ||
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+ | Sachant que ce mode active l'ECI Contour dynamique, il est plus facile de comprendre ce que font les différentes commandes de la barre de contrôle des outils. Min et Max définissent les valeurs minimales et maximales des points de contrôle violets. Le contrôle Terminaisons définit la forme des bouts et reflète le contrôle correspondant dans l'ECI lui-même. | ||
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+ | Pour ma tablette, le réglage d'un Min à 0 et d'un Max à 20, avec des embouts ronds et un peu de lissage (environ 10 sur cette échelle), donne un bel effet de « stylo marqueur » qui répond assez bien à la pression que j'ai tendance à appliquer sur le stylet. Cela peut potentiellement donner une impression beaucoup plus naturelle aux dessins animés et aux croquis, même s'il faut encore une main plus artistique que la mienne pour produire quelque chose d' | ||
**Eraser Tool | **Eraser Tool | ||
I make no secret of the fact that the Eraser is one of my least favourite tools in Inkscape. Not because it has any inherent problems or limitations, | I make no secret of the fact that the Eraser is one of my least favourite tools in Inkscape. Not because it has any inherent problems or limitations, | ||
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+ | Outil gomme | ||
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+ | Je ne cache pas que la Gomme est l'un des outils que j' | ||
**Nevertheless it does exist, and it does have its uses, so it’s nice to see it gaining some additional features in 1.0. The bulk of the additions are to make it operate in a similar way to the Calligraphy Tool: there’s a toggle for pressure-sensitivity, | **Nevertheless it does exist, and it does have its uses, so it’s nice to see it gaining some additional features in 1.0. The bulk of the additions are to make it operate in a similar way to the Calligraphy Tool: there’s a toggle for pressure-sensitivity, | ||
I won’t spend any more time discussing these: you can read my description of the Calligraphy tool in part 78 if you wish. I still believe a more useful approach would actually be to draw the erasing line you want using the Calligraphy tool (or some other tool, if you prefer), then either perform a Boolean operation or use it as the basis of a clip or mask.** | I won’t spend any more time discussing these: you can read my description of the Calligraphy tool in part 78 if you wish. I still believe a more useful approach would actually be to draw the erasing line you want using the Calligraphy tool (or some other tool, if you prefer), then either perform a Boolean operation or use it as the basis of a clip or mask.** | ||
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+ | Néanmoins, il existe bel et bien et il a ses utilisations, | ||
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+ | Je ne passerai pas plus de temps à vous en parler : vous pouvez lire ma description de l' | ||
**In that vein, however, the second addition to the Eraser is more welcome: a clipping mode. Previously this tool could either erase objects entirely, or cut away parts of the shapes by effectively performing an immediate Boolean operation with the drawn line. The clipping option adds a third button to the Mode section of the tool control bar: | **In that vein, however, the second addition to the Eraser is more welcome: a clipping mode. Previously this tool could either erase objects entirely, or cut away parts of the shapes by effectively performing an immediate Boolean operation with the drawn line. The clipping option adds a third button to the Mode section of the tool control bar: | ||
Ligne 35: | Ligne 68: | ||
A very nice touch is that only a single clipping path is created for a given object, even if you erase using several separate strokes. This makes it easier to remove large parts of an object with a thick eraser, then reduce the tool’s width for subsequent passes to refine the shape being removed, without ending up with multiple clip paths to manage.** | A very nice touch is that only a single clipping path is created for a given object, even if you erase using several separate strokes. This makes it easier to remove large parts of an object with a thick eraser, then reduce the tool’s width for subsequent passes to refine the shape being removed, without ending up with multiple clip paths to manage.** | ||
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+ | Dans cette optique, le deuxième ajout à la Gomme est toutefois le bienvenu : un mode de découpage. Auparavant, cet outil pouvait soit effacer entièrement les objets, soit découper des parties des formes en effectuant effectivement une opération booléenne immédiate avec la ligne dessinée. L' | ||
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+ | Lorsque cette option est activée, l'« effacement » est en fait effectué en créant un chemin de découpe qui est immédiatement appliqué à l' | ||
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+ | Il est intéressant de noter qu'une seule trajectoire de découpe est créée pour un objet donné, même si vous l' | ||
**It’s important to note, however, that the results produced by clipping will not always be the same as those created using Boolean erasing, particularly if the target object has a visible stroke applied. Consider the image below, with a deliberately thick stroke to make the point. On the left is the original shape, whilst the middle and right-hand images show the results of the Boolean eraser and the clipping eraser, respectively. Notice that the Boolean eraser results in separate path objects, each with a complete stroke around them. The clipped shape, on the other hand, is still a single object, so the cut faces are not “closed” by the path. | **It’s important to note, however, that the results produced by clipping will not always be the same as those created using Boolean erasing, particularly if the target object has a visible stroke applied. Consider the image below, with a deliberately thick stroke to make the point. On the left is the original shape, whilst the middle and right-hand images show the results of the Boolean eraser and the clipping eraser, respectively. Notice that the Boolean eraser results in separate path objects, each with a complete stroke around them. The clipped shape, on the other hand, is still a single object, so the cut faces are not “closed” by the path. | ||
The clipping mode is a great addition to the Eraser tool, creating a non-destructive edit that can later be refined, or reverted entirely, with ease. When creating my comic strips, I often have to apply clipping paths around very precise shapes. Usually I block them out with straight-line paths, then use the Node tool to fine-tune the corners and curves. But this new feature promises to get me 90% of the way to a finished clipping path in a fraction of the time. In fact, this addition alone may have just promoted the Eraser tool from being one of my least used tools, to being a clear favourite.** | The clipping mode is a great addition to the Eraser tool, creating a non-destructive edit that can later be refined, or reverted entirely, with ease. When creating my comic strips, I often have to apply clipping paths around very precise shapes. Usually I block them out with straight-line paths, then use the Node tool to fine-tune the corners and curves. But this new feature promises to get me 90% of the way to a finished clipping path in a fraction of the time. In fact, this addition alone may have just promoted the Eraser tool from being one of my least used tools, to being a clear favourite.** | ||
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+ | Il est important de noter, cependant, que les résultats produits par la découpe ne seront pas toujours les mêmes que ceux créés par un effacement booléen, en particulier si un trait visible est appliqué à l' | ||
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+ | Le mode de découpage est un excellent ajout à l' | ||
**Measurement Tool | **Measurement Tool | ||
The Measurement tool is another that I rarely use, but which has also seen some small but significant additions in Inkscape v1. This month, I’ll talk about the first of these: an extended “tooltip” that appears when hovering over a path (or an object that can be trivially converted to a path, such as a rectangle, ellipse or star). The tooltip shows the length of the path, as well as the X and Y coordinates, | The Measurement tool is another that I rarely use, but which has also seen some small but significant additions in Inkscape v1. This month, I’ll talk about the first of these: an extended “tooltip” that appears when hovering over a path (or an object that can be trivially converted to a path, such as a rectangle, ellipse or star). The tooltip shows the length of the path, as well as the X and Y coordinates, | ||
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+ | Outil Mesurer | ||
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+ | L' | ||
**Switching to the measurement tool and hovering over the square produces this tooltip: | **Switching to the measurement tool and hovering over the square produces this tooltip: | ||
Ligne 49: | Ligne 96: | ||
A quick comparison with the previous screenshot shows that although the units are now correct, the actual numbers are still the pixel values! According to this tool, my 10mm square now has sides that are nearly four times as long.** | A quick comparison with the previous screenshot shows that although the units are now correct, the actual numbers are still the pixel values! According to this tool, my 10mm square now has sides that are nearly four times as long.** | ||
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+ | En passant à l' | ||
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+ | Le premier problème ici est que les valeurs affichées sont en pixels, alors que j'ai spécifié des mm comme unités d' | ||
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+ | Une comparaison rapide avec la capture d' | ||
**And what of that Y value? I drew the rectangle from top-left to bottom-right, | **And what of that Y value? I drew the rectangle from top-left to bottom-right, | ||
Now let’s give it a more complex path to work on, by duplicating the square, moving the copy, then using Path > Union to convert the two squares into a single path comprising two sub-paths. Since each sub-path’s perimeter is 151.18px, surely the Length in the tooltip for both paths must simply be double that value, right? Wrong.** | Now let’s give it a more complex path to work on, by duplicating the square, moving the copy, then using Path > Union to convert the two squares into a single path comprising two sub-paths. Since each sub-path’s perimeter is 151.18px, surely the Length in the tooltip for both paths must simply be double that value, right? Wrong.** | ||
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+ | Et qu'en est-il de cette valeur Y ? J'ai dessiné le rectangle du haut à gauche au bas à droite, l' | ||
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+ | Donnons-lui maintenant un chemin plus complexe à travailler, en dupliquant le carré, en déplaçant la copie, puis en utilisant Path > Union pour convertir les deux carrés en un seul chemin comprenant deux sous-chemins. Puisque le périmètre de chaque sous-chemin est de 151,18 px, la longueur dans l' | ||
**The Length displayed for two identical paths combined is over 7.5 times the value shown for a single path! The Height and Width values also have me scratching my head: they might make sense if the squares were arranged along a diagonal, but they’re side-by-side. Here’s what they look like when using the Select tool, together with the tool control bar’s interpretation of these values (in px): | **The Length displayed for two identical paths combined is over 7.5 times the value shown for a single path! The Height and Width values also have me scratching my head: they might make sense if the squares were arranged along a diagonal, but they’re side-by-side. Here’s what they look like when using the Select tool, together with the tool control bar’s interpretation of these values (in px): | ||
Having the Select tool declaring a width of 83.795px and height of 37.795, while the Measurement tool claims values of 316.71px and 142.85px, leaves me thoroughly confused as to how the values in the tooltip are actually calculated. This situation leaves me uneasy about the measurement tool in general; I wonder what it has to say when used in the traditional click-and-drag mode?** | Having the Select tool declaring a width of 83.795px and height of 37.795, while the Measurement tool claims values of 316.71px and 142.85px, leaves me thoroughly confused as to how the values in the tooltip are actually calculated. This situation leaves me uneasy about the measurement tool in general; I wonder what it has to say when used in the traditional click-and-drag mode?** | ||
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+ | La longueur affichée pour deux chemins identiques combinés est plus de 7,5 fois la valeur affichée pour un seul chemin ! Les valeurs de Hauteur et de Largeur me font également tourner la tête : elles pourraient avoir un sens si les carrés étaient disposés en diagonale, mais ils sont côte à côte. Voici à quoi elles ressemblent lorsque vous utilisez l' | ||
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+ | Le fait que l' | ||
**For clarity, I’ve copied and enlarged the top and right values, and put them inside the boxes. The width and height are reported as the expected values of 83.79px and 37.79px. | **For clarity, I’ve copied and enlarged the top and right values, and put them inside the boxes. The width and height are reported as the expected values of 83.79px and 37.79px. | ||
The tooltip mode has another feature which I’ll mention for completeness: | The tooltip mode has another feature which I’ll mention for completeness: | ||
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+ | Pour plus de clarté, j'ai copié et agrandi les valeurs du haut et de droite, et je les ai mises dans les boîtes. La largeur et la hauteur sont indiquées comme les valeurs attendues de 83,79 px et 37,79 px. | ||
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+ | Le mode info-bulle possède une autre caractéristique que je mentionnerai pour être complet : lorsqu' | ||
issue164/inkscape.1609253916.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2020/12/29 15:58 de d52fr