issue202:mint
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Prochaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue202:mint [2024/02/26 23:27] – créée d52fr | issue202:mint [2024/02/28 18:07] (Version actuelle) – auntiee | ||
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- | My introduction to Ubuntu (and later variants such as Linux Mint) started nearly 20 years ago when a friend gave me an Ubuntu CD after I complained about how poor Windows NT was. That was version 4.10, Warty Warthog, and I was hooked (Linux Mint would debut a few years later). | + | **My introduction to Ubuntu (and later variants such as Linux Mint) started nearly 20 years ago when a friend gave me an Ubuntu CD after I complained about how poor Windows NT was. That was version 4.10, Warty Warthog, and I was hooked (Linux Mint would debut a few years later). |
And, yes, I said CD. My internet connection was slow back then (dial-up with the squawking modem), so downloading anything past a picture was excruciating. Besides, Ubuntu was a puny OS compared to the behemoths of today. | And, yes, I said CD. My internet connection was slow back then (dial-up with the squawking modem), so downloading anything past a picture was excruciating. Besides, Ubuntu was a puny OS compared to the behemoths of today. | ||
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That’s when an ugly problem surfaced. Many Windows-based computers of the period were poorly designed and pretty much guaranteed to fail after a few, short years. | That’s when an ugly problem surfaced. Many Windows-based computers of the period were poorly designed and pretty much guaranteed to fail after a few, short years. | ||
- | Anybody remember the netbooks that died a much needed death about a decade ago? | + | Anybody remember the netbooks that died a much needed death about a decade ago?** |
- | In essence, my work converting old Windows-based beaters in Ubuntu standouts was often for naught – the machines died anyway. A lot of HP, Compaq, EMachines, Packard-Bell and Xerox (now Lenovo), and pre-WalMart Gateway computers died for the effort (they were dead anyway, but it’s the thought that counts). | + | Mon initiation à Ubuntu (et à ses variantes ultérieures telles que Linux Mint) a commencé il y a près de 20 ans, lorsqu' |
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+ | Et oui, j'ai bien dit CD. Ma connexion à l' | ||
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+ | J'ai été séduit dès le début et j'ai décidé de me consacrer à la résurrection d' | ||
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+ | C'est alors qu'un problème épineux est apparu. De nombreux ordinateurs sous Windows de l' | ||
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+ | Quelqu' | ||
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+ | **In essence, my work converting old Windows-based beaters in Ubuntu standouts was often for naught – the machines died anyway. A lot of HP, Compaq, EMachines, Packard-Bell and Xerox (now Lenovo), and pre-WalMart Gateway computers died for the effort (they were dead anyway, but it’s the thought that counts). | ||
Guess I’m getting old – half of those computer companies probably went belly-up before some of you readers were born. | Guess I’m getting old – half of those computer companies probably went belly-up before some of you readers were born. | ||
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At least Apple manufactures computers to a set standard, unless you count the time a company named Psystar attempted to install OS X on their branded computer (the end result was a flurry of lawsuits and bankruptcy). | At least Apple manufactures computers to a set standard, unless you count the time a company named Psystar attempted to install OS X on their branded computer (the end result was a flurry of lawsuits and bankruptcy). | ||
- | As much as I loved Ubuntu and Linux Mint, I just couldn’t afford to replace bad power supplies, wonky hard drives, and burned out motherboards on a continuing basis or, in the worst case scenario, a Windows OS that refused to work properly (Me and Vista come to mind). | + | As much as I loved Ubuntu and Linux Mint, I just couldn’t afford to replace bad power supplies, wonky hard drives, and burned out motherboards on a continuing basis or, in the worst case scenario, a Windows OS that refused to work properly (Me and Vista come to mind).** |
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+ | En fait, mon travail de conversion de vieux ordinateurs Windows en ordinateurs Ubuntu n'a souvent servi à rien, les machines sont mortes de toute façon. Beaucoup d' | ||
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+ | Je suppose que je me fais vieux..., la moitié de ces sociétés informatiques ont probablement fait faillite avant que certains d' | ||
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+ | Et avant de prétendre que les ordinateurs portables et de bureau Windows contemporains sont bien meilleurs, n' | ||
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+ | Au moins, Apple fabrique des ordinateurs selon un standard établi, sauf si vous comptez la fois où une société nommée Psystar a tenté d' | ||
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+ | Même si j' | ||
- | So, for a while, I switched to Apple laptops and desktops (Airs and iMacs, generally), and all was fine, at least until OS-X got bogged down or Apple decided my beater wasn’t worth updating anymore. | + | **So, for a while, I switched to Apple laptops and desktops (Airs and iMacs, generally), and all was fine, at least until OS-X got bogged down or Apple decided my beater wasn’t worth updating anymore. |
Fortunately, | Fortunately, | ||
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Oh, forgot to mention that I paid a whopping $200 for it (plus another $50 for the battery, which I installed). Give or take, $999 off original retail. | Oh, forgot to mention that I paid a whopping $200 for it (plus another $50 for the battery, which I installed). Give or take, $999 off original retail. | ||
- | So, why should I pay $1,000+ for a new MacBook when the old one is still humming along just fine? | + | So, why should I pay $1,000+ for a new MacBook when the old one is still humming along just fine?** |
- | Mainly because this guy isn’t stupid enough to pay a grand for a laptop. Also, I didn’t want to risk virus or malware exposure, and my version of OS-X was getting a bit slow, so I opted for a radical, and possibly dangerous (as in bricking my laptop) procedure of installing Linux over OS-X. | + | Pendant un certain temps, j'ai donc opté pour des ordinateurs portables et de bureau Apple (Airs et iMacs, en général) et tout allait bien, du moins jusqu' |
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+ | Heureusement, | ||
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+ | Non pas dans une fenêtre virtuelle ou un émulateur, mais en remplaçant complètement OS X par Ubuntu ou Linux Mint. | ||
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+ | Et pourquoi ferais-je cela ? | ||
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+ | Au moment où vous lisez ces lignes, je suis en train de taper sur mon MacBook 13 Air de 2014 qu' | ||
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+ | Mais il est encore en parfait état et j'ai installé une nouvelle batterie. Il a presque dix ans et semble toujours neuf (après tout, c'est de l' | ||
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+ | Oh, j'ai oublié de mentionner que je l'ai payé 200 $ (plus 50 $ pour la batterie, que j'ai installée). En gros, 999 $ de moins que le prix de vente original. | ||
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+ | Alors, pourquoi devrais-je payer plus de 1000 $ pour un nouveau MacBook alors que l' | ||
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+ | **Mainly because this guy isn’t stupid enough to pay a grand for a laptop. Also, I didn’t want to risk virus or malware exposure, and my version of OS-X was getting a bit slow, so I opted for a radical, and possibly dangerous (as in bricking my laptop) procedure of installing Linux over OS-X. | ||
Before we start, you must make sure your MacBook or iMac is capable (yes, even the desktops can be converted): | Before we start, you must make sure your MacBook or iMac is capable (yes, even the desktops can be converted): | ||
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Now comes the question, how do you go about doing this? | Now comes the question, how do you go about doing this? | ||
- | Fortunately, | + | Fortunately, |
- | UNetbootin | + | Principalement parce que ce type n'est pas assez stupide pour se payer un ordinateur portable à mille dollars. De plus, je ne voulais pas risquer d' |
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+ | Avant de commencer, vous devez vous assurer que votre MacBook ou iMac est capable (oui, même les ordinateurs de bureau peuvent être convertis) : | ||
+ | ••Avant 2020 avec des processeurs Intel. Il s'agit de la quasi-totalité des ordinateurs Apple fabriqués entre 2006 et 2020. Après 2020, Apple a opté pour la puce M1, dont les paramètres de sécurité sont plus solides. | ||
+ | ••Évitez les modèles avant Intel. Si le boîtier est en polycarbonate, | ||
+ | ••Il doit être équipé d'un disque dur performant, de préférence un SSD. Les disques hybrides et les disques durs standard peuvent fonctionner, | ||
+ | ••Adaptateur/ | ||
+ | ••Port USB. Il peut s'agir d'un port USB-C. N' | ||
+ | ••Si l' | ||
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+ | La question qui se pose maintenant est de savoir comment s'y prendre. | ||
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+ | Heureusement, | ||
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+ | **UNetbootin | ||
First, download UNetbootin, a nifty little program found at https:// | First, download UNetbootin, a nifty little program found at https:// | ||
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Third, download your favorite version of Linux. For me, it’s Ubuntu or Linux Mint. You can download through UNetbootin or go directly to the developer’s website. Whichever way you go, it’s a nearly 3GB download. Be patient. | Third, download your favorite version of Linux. For me, it’s Ubuntu or Linux Mint. You can download through UNetbootin or go directly to the developer’s website. Whichever way you go, it’s a nearly 3GB download. Be patient. | ||
- | By the way, go for the 64-bit version of whatever you choose – MacBook architecture doesn’t play well, if at all, with 32-bit variants. | + | By the way, go for the 64-bit version of whatever you choose – MacBook architecture doesn’t play well, if at all, with 32-bit variants.** |
- | Finally, tell UNetbootin where to find your disk image, enter the type drive you want it sent to (UNetbootin defaults to USB drive as you see above). Don’t worry if the Drive drop-down doesn’t work, it’s just funny that way. | + | UNetbootin |
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+ | Tout d' | ||
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+ | Deuxièmement, | ||
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+ | Et assurez-vous que la clé est vide ! Vous ne voulez pas perdre les photos ou les documents que vous avez mis de côté depuis 2005, n' | ||
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+ | Troisièmement, | ||
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+ | Au fait, optez pour la version 64 bits de votre choix - l' | ||
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+ | **Finally, tell UNetbootin where to find your disk image, enter the type drive you want it sent to (UNetbootin defaults to USB drive as you see above). Don’t worry if the Drive drop-down doesn’t work, it’s just funny that way. | ||
Word of warning here! Have just one flash drive inserted at a time. Remove all others because UNetbootin might just pick the wrong one! This includes SD cards! | Word of warning here! Have just one flash drive inserted at a time. Remove all others because UNetbootin might just pick the wrong one! This includes SD cards! | ||
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At this point you’ll get the ubiquitous Linux Mint (in my case) startup menu: | At this point you’ll get the ubiquitous Linux Mint (in my case) startup menu: | ||
- | You’ve seen this a few times, I would imagine, so you know enough to click on Start Linux Mint. Do yourself a favor and ignore the rest. | + | You’ve seen this a few times, I would imagine, so you know enough to click on Start Linux Mint. Do yourself a favor and ignore the rest.** |
- | And, if you must know, “OEM install…” is a procedure during which a temporary password is given for the installer. The new owner of the machine will then set their password. | + | Enfin, indiquez à UNetbootin où se trouve votre image disque, entrez le type de lecteur sur lequel vous voulez qu' |
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+ | Un mot d' | ||
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+ | Ensuite, procédez comme suit : | ||
+ | ••Une fois que vous êtes sûr qu' | ||
+ | ••Rebranchez la clé USB, mettez votre MacBook sous tension et maintenez la touche Option enfoncée lorsque vous entendez le bang d' | ||
+ | ••Relâchez la touche Option lorsque le gestionnaire de démarrage s' | ||
+ | ••Cliquez sur la clé USB (utilisez le pavé tactile, car votre souris Bluetooth ou USB risque de ne pas fonctionner dans ce mode). | ||
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+ | À ce stade, vous obtiendrez l' | ||
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+ | Vous l'avez vu plusieurs fois, j' | ||
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+ | **And, if you must know, “OEM install…” is a procedure during which a temporary password is given for the installer. The new owner of the machine will then set their password. | ||
If all goes well, and it should, you’ll soon have a working version of Linux Mint on your MacBook. | If all goes well, and it should, you’ll soon have a working version of Linux Mint on your MacBook. | ||
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Once you click on Driver Manager, it’ll take a few seconds to tell you that your MacBook needs the Broadcom 802.11ac Wireless Adapter. Click on it and you’re golden. | Once you click on Driver Manager, it’ll take a few seconds to tell you that your MacBook needs the Broadcom 802.11ac Wireless Adapter. Click on it and you’re golden. | ||
- | If you’re wondering why it isn’t installed from the get-go, it’s because that driver is proprietary. You have to ask first.. | + | If you’re wondering why it isn’t installed from the get-go, it’s because that driver is proprietary. You have to ask first..** |
- | At this point you should notice almost everything else works on your MacBook. Backlighted keyboard – check. Sound – check. Keyboard – yep. USB and SD card slots – yes and yes. Function keys – 99%. Bluetooth – yep. Webcam – fat chance. | + | Et, si vous voulez savoir, « OEM install... » est une procédure au cours de laquelle un mot de passe temporaire est donné à l' |
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+ | Si tout se passe bien, et cela devrait être le cas, vous aurez bientôt une version fonctionnelle de Linux Mint sur votre MacBook. | ||
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+ | Heureux, n' | ||
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+ | Pas encore. Vous remarquerez que le WiFi ne fonctionne pas. C'est dommage. | ||
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+ | Avant de commencer à m' | ||
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+ | Une fois que vous aurez cliqué sur Gestionnaire de pilotes, il vous faudra quelques secondes pour apprendre que votre MacBook a besoin de l' | ||
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+ | Si vous vous demandez pourquoi il n'est pas installé d' | ||
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+ | **At this point you should notice almost everything else works on your MacBook. Backlighted keyboard – check. Sound – check. Keyboard – yep. USB and SD card slots – yes and yes. Function keys – 99%. Bluetooth – yep. Webcam – fat chance. | ||
Oops. The webcam doesn’t work. Not a flutter or flicker anywhere. | Oops. The webcam doesn’t work. Not a flutter or flicker anywhere. | ||
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If you want to go through with the conversion, you know the desktop box to click for installation. Within 20 to 30 minutes or so you should have a MacUbuntu or a MacMint. | If you want to go through with the conversion, you know the desktop box to click for installation. Within 20 to 30 minutes or so you should have a MacUbuntu or a MacMint. | ||
- | And for you Linux historians, I once used PearOS on a MacBook. Around 2013 or so, this was a Linux variant with a desktop and menu that looked a lot like Apple OS-X. They even went as far as using a pear with a bite taken out of it instead of an apple. It went kaput for unknown reasons although I can venture a guess. | + | And for you Linux historians, I once used PearOS on a MacBook. Around 2013 or so, this was a Linux variant with a desktop and menu that looked a lot like Apple OS-X. They even went as far as using a pear with a bite taken out of it instead of an apple. It went kaput for unknown reasons although I can venture a guess.** |
- | History aside, there are a few things to remember: | + | À ce stade, vous devriez remarquer que presque tout le reste fonctionne sur votre MacBook. Clavier rétroéclairé - oui. Son - oui. Clavier - oui. Emplacements pour cartes USB et SD - oui et oui. Touches de fonction - 99 %. Bluetooth - oui. Caméra Web - aucune chance. |
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+ | Oups. La webcam ne fonctionne pas. Il n'y a pas un seul battement d'aile ou scintillement nulle part. | ||
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+ | J' | ||
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+ | Une webcam USB bon marché à la rescousse ! | ||
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+ | À ce stade, vous êtes soit satisfait, soit déçu ; avec un peu de chance, c'est le premier cas. | ||
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+ | Si vous souhaitez procéder à la conversion, vous savez sur quelle boîte de bureau cliquer pour l' | ||
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+ | Et pour les historiens de Linux, j'ai déjà utilisé PearOS sur un MacBook. Vers 2013, il s' | ||
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+ | **History aside, there are a few things to remember: | ||
• Having second thoughts and want OS-X back? Pay a visit to Ebay and you’ll find quite a few listings for bootable USB drives with OS-X included. This also works if you want to sell the unit in the future. | • Having second thoughts and want OS-X back? Pay a visit to Ebay and you’ll find quite a few listings for bootable USB drives with OS-X included. This also works if you want to sell the unit in the future. | ||
• Battery life will suffer. Plan on losing about an hour or so. I went from roughly 6 hours on a full charge with OS-X down to roughly 5 hours although, oddly enough, it seems to be improving. | • Battery life will suffer. Plan on losing about an hour or so. I went from roughly 6 hours on a full charge with OS-X down to roughly 5 hours although, oddly enough, it seems to be improving. | ||
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• Hibernation and wake work just fine. This was an issue in the past, but not so much anymore. | • Hibernation and wake work just fine. This was an issue in the past, but not so much anymore. | ||
• Sorry, no more pinch or zoom on the trackpad. It still works, but there’s no gee-whiz finger movements to wow your friends with. There is a workaround called TouchEgg but it's a bit complicated for most. Use a mouse instead. | • Sorry, no more pinch or zoom on the trackpad. It still works, but there’s no gee-whiz finger movements to wow your friends with. There is a workaround called TouchEgg but it's a bit complicated for most. Use a mouse instead. | ||
- | • As for printers, that might be a mixed bag. My 20 year-old laser printer that operates off WiFi works just fine using the CUPS printer server; however, my new thermal printer that operates off of Bluetooth won’t work. In fact, it won’t work off USB, either. Linux recognizes it, but the driver (in my case) may be proprietary. There are workarounds, | + | • As for printers, that might be a mixed bag. My 20 year-old laser printer that operates off WiFi works just fine using the CUPS printer server; however, my new thermal printer that operates off of Bluetooth won’t work. In fact, it won’t work off USB, either. Linux recognizes it, but the driver (in my case) may be proprietary. There are workarounds, |
- | Finally, here are distinct advantages you should notice: | + | L' |
+ | ••Vous avez des doutes et vous voulez récupérer OS-X ? Faites un tour sur Ebay et vous trouverez de nombreuses annonces de clés USB amorçables avec OS-X inclus. Cette solution est également valable si vous souhaitez vendre l' | ||
+ | ••L' | ||
+ | ••Vous craignez de perdre iCloud ? Pas de problème, il suffit d' | ||
+ | ••La veille et le réveil fonctionnent parfaitement. C' | ||
+ | ••Désolé, | ||
+ | ••En ce qui concerne les imprimantes, | ||
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+ | **Finally, here are distinct advantages you should notice: | ||
• Crowded drive space with OS-X? Not with Ubuntu or Linux Mint. I still have 499 GB space left on my 550 GB SSD and that’s after installing a boatload of programs from the Software Manager. | • Crowded drive space with OS-X? Not with Ubuntu or Linux Mint. I still have 499 GB space left on my 550 GB SSD and that’s after installing a boatload of programs from the Software Manager. | ||
• Boot time was routinely 45 seconds with OS-X from the time I pushed the power button until I had a usable desktop. Now it’s 15 seconds. | • Boot time was routinely 45 seconds with OS-X from the time I pushed the power button until I had a usable desktop. Now it’s 15 seconds. | ||
• Updates are manageable and come every couple days or so. Unlike Windows or OS-X, though, the updates are smaller and seem to load faster. No more OS lockups. | • Updates are manageable and come every couple days or so. Unlike Windows or OS-X, though, the updates are smaller and seem to load faster. No more OS lockups. | ||
- | • You now have a laptop you got on the cheap while everybody will think you dropped a mint on an Apple product. Thing is, most MacBook Airs from 2008 to today look similar and your average user can’t tell one from another. That aluminum body hides age well. | + | • You now have a laptop you got on the cheap while everybody will think you dropped a mint on an Apple product. Thing is, most MacBook Airs from 2008 to today look similar and your average user can’t tell one from another. That aluminum body hides age well.** |
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+ | Enfin, voici les principaux avantages que vous devez constater : | ||
+ | ••Un espace disque encombré avec OS-X ? Pas avec Ubuntu ou Linux Mint. Il me reste 499 Go d' | ||
+ | ••Avec OS-X, le temps de démarrage était habituellement de 45 secondes entre le moment où j' | ||
+ | ••Les mises à jour sont gérables et arrivent tous les deux jours environ. Contrairement à Windows ou OS-X, les mises à jour sont plus petites et semblent se charger plus rapidement. Plus de blocage du système d' | ||
+ | ••Vous avez maintenant un ordinateur portable que vous avez acheté à bas prix et tout le monde pensera que vous avez dépensé une fortune pour un produit Apple. Le fait est que la plupart des MacBook Air de 2008 à aujourd' | ||
issue202/mint.1708986466.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2024/02/26 23:27 de d52fr