issue216:inkscape
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issue216:inkscape [2025/04/14 08:25] – créée philou511 | issue216:inkscape [2025/04/28 19:00] (Version actuelle) – andre_domenech | ||
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- | Drawing with Inkscape | + | **Let’s begin this month by talking about grids. These are a feature that I rarely use, but there’s no denying that they can be invaluable when trying to keep objects neatly aligned |
- | By Mark Crutch | + | |
- | Let’s begin this month by talking about grids. These are a feature that I rarely use, but there’s no denying that they can be invaluable when trying to keep objects neatly aligned – such as when using Inkscape as a makeshift DTP program in which you want text boxes to live on an underlying structure, defined with a rectangular grid. Some artistic or engineering work can also make heavy use of grids, particularly if you’re using an axonometric grid to create lines using an isometric (30°) or oblique (45°) projection. | + | Rectangular and axonometric grids have been part of Inkscape for a long time, but version 1.4 adds a third: modular grids. These share some similarity with rectangular grids, in that they are based on horizontal and vertical lines. But whereas rectangular grids use lines that extend to infinity to mark out squares and rectangles in the page, modular grids instead use an infinite array of rectangular blocks, with optional spacing between them.** |
- | Rectangular and axonometric grids have been part of Inkscape for a long time, but version 1.4 adds a third: modular grids. These share some similarity with rectangular grids, in that they are based on horizontal and vertical lines. But whereas rectangular grids use lines that extend to infinity to mark out squares and rectangles in the page, modular grids instead use an infinite array of rectangular blocks, with optional spacing between them. | + | |
- | For any new Inkscape users, it’s worth pointing out exactly how grids work. They’re purely a construction aid, and do not appear in exported or printed output from the program. Most commonly they’re used in conjunction with snapping, causing the cursor to snap to grid lines and intersections as you draw shapes | + | Commençons ce mois-ci par parler des grilles. C'est une fonctionnalité que j' |
- | Creating grids has been made slightly easier in 1.4. They still live in the Grids tab inside the File > Document Properties dialog, but the previous approach of picking the grid type from a popup menu and then having to click the New button has been streamlined into direct creation buttons for each type of grid. You can still create multiple grids, mixing the types and parameters as you see fit, with each of them appearing as a separate tab in the lower part of the dialog. | + | |
+ | Les grilles rectangulaires et axonométriques sont présentes dans Inkscape depuis longtemps, mais la version 1.4 en ajoute une troisième : | ||
+ | **For any new Inkscape users, it’s worth pointing out exactly how grids work. They’re purely a construction aid, and do not appear in exported or printed output from the program. Most commonly they’re used in conjunction with snapping, causing the cursor to snap to grid lines and intersections as you draw shapes on the canvas. Pressing the ‘#’ key will toggle the visibility of all the grids at once, and when they’re not visible then they can’t be snapped to. This makes it easy to use grids for general layout, but to turn them off quickly if you need to draw something off the grid lines without turning off snapping in general. | ||
- | It can be useful to have multiple | + | Creating |
+ | Pour les nouveaux utilisateurs d' | ||
+ | La création de grilles a été légèrement simplifiée dans la version 1.4. Elles sont toujours disponibles dans l' | ||
+ | **It can be useful to have multiple grids active at once if you carefully tweak the parameters to create some kind of relationship between them. For example, here’s a modular grid (red) and axonometric grid (blue), adjusted so that the modular grid creates a series of ‘frames’ inside of which the axonometric grid could be used to draw isometric designs. Consider something like a sprite sheet for an isometric game, or trying to design a coherent set of icons with a faux-3D effect, to see where such a capability could be useful. | ||
+ | But it can also be useful to create multiple grids that may not be so obviously related to each other. Usually in this situation you’ll use the fact that each grid has its own ‘Visible’ checkbox to turn them on and off without having to remove any of them completely. Unfortunately there’s no keyboard shortcut to make toggling individual grids easier, so if you do want to use multiple grids like this, you’ll be making frequent trips to the tabs in this dialog to turn each one on and off.** | ||
+ | Ça peut être utile d' | ||
+ | Il peut également être utile de créer plusieurs grilles dont les liens ne sont pas forcément évidents. Généralement, | ||
+ | **I covered rectangular and axonometric grids a decade ago, in FCM #97, and not a great deal has changed about their configuration since then. All the grid types now feature the ‘Align to page’ buttons – an array of 9 icon buttons that just act as shortcuts for setting the Origin X and Origin Y fields to some common values. But otherwise the controls for configuring rectangular grids remain largely identical. | ||
- | But it can also be useful to create multiple grids that may not be so obviously related to each other. Usually in this situation you’ll use the fact that each grid has its own ‘Visible’ checkbox to turn them on and off without having to remove any of them completely. Unfortunately there’s no keyboard shortcut to make toggling individual grids easier, so if you do want to use multiple grids like this, you’ll be making frequent trips to the tabs in this dialog to turn each one on and off. | + | Axonometric grids, on the other hand, have gained one other convenience feature with 1.4. Next to the Angle X and Angle Y fields is a button to open a small door-hanger dialog. This contains a single field in which you can put a width: |
- | I covered rectangular and axonometric grids a decade ago, in FCM #97, and not a great deal has changed about their configuration since then. All the grid types now feature the ‘Align to page’ buttons – an array of 9 icon buttons that just act as shortcuts for setting the Origin X and Origin Y fields to some common values. But otherwise the controls for configuring rectangular grids remain largely identical. | + | |
- | Axonometric grids, on the other hand, have gained one other convenience feature with 1.4. Next to the Angle X and Angle Y fields is a button to open a small door-hanger dialog. This contains a single field in which you can put a width: | + | |
- | Although little has changed regarding rectangular and axonometric grids, the star of the 1.4 grid party is, of course, the modular grid, so let’s take a look at the parameters for those. | + | |
+ | J'ai abordé les grilles rectangulaires et axonométriques il y a dix ans, dans le numéro 97 du FCM, et leur configuration n'a guère évolué depuis. Tous les types de grilles disposent désormais du bouton « Aligner sur la page » : un ensemble de neuf icônes servant de raccourcis pour définir les champs Origine X et Origine Y sur des valeurs communes. Par ailleurs, les commandes de configuration des grilles rectangulaires restent globalement identiques. | ||
+ | Les grilles axonométriques, | ||
+ | **Although little has changed regarding rectangular and axonometric grids, the star of the 1.4 grid party is, of course, the modular grid, so let’s take a look at the parameters for those. | ||
+ | I’m sure you can work out what the Grid Units control does. The two Origin fields set the position of the top-left corner of the grid. You might expect values of 0 to result in a block being positioned so that its top-left corner is perfectly aligned with the top-left corner of the page, but that’s not the case due to the Gap values. These fields set the distance between blocks, but they’re dished out equally on opposite sides of the block: a Gap X of 10 mm will result in a space of 5 mm to both the left and the right of each block, and similar logic applies to Gap Y. So if you do want your first block to be right in the corner of the page, you’ll need to set the Origin values to a negative value of half the corresponding Gap field. In other words, with a Gap X of 10 mm you need to set Origin X to -5 mm (and the same for the Y values). In most cases, however, a bit of a space between the page border and the grid is desirable, so leaving the origin values at zero might be fine. As usual, the exact parameters you need will be highly dependent on what you’re drawing, and how your image relates to the underlying grid.** | ||
+ | Alors que peu de changements aient été apportés aux grilles rectangulaires et axonométriques, | ||
+ | Vous pouvez certainement comprendre l' | ||
+ | **The Block Width and Block Height fields are pretty self-explanatory, | ||
+ | The Margin X and Margin Y fields set an offset that is used to draw a second block, centered on the first. This can be used to draw a margin box around each block, or to draw an inset box by using negative values. The margin boxes are drawn in the color set by the Minor Grid Line Color field, while the main block uses the corresponding Major Grid Line Color. In this screenshot, I’ve set the Minor Color to solid red, and the Major Color to solid blue – you can see how different margin values result in different minor boxes. Both major and minor blocks can be snapped to, so careful use of these fields might provide you with some useful snap points without requiring an additional grid to be created (though that’s still an option, of course).** | ||
- | I’m sure you can work out what the Grid Units control does. The two Origin fields set the position of the top-left corner of the grid. You might expect values of 0 to result in a block being positioned so that its top-left corner is perfectly aligned with the top-left corner of the page, but that’s not the case due to the Gap values. These fields set the distance between blocks, but they’re dished out equally on opposite sides of the block: a Gap X of 10 mm will result in a space of 5 mm to both the left and the right of each block, and similar logic applies to Gap Y. So if you do want your first block to be right in the corner of the page, you’ll need to set the Origin values to a negative value of half the corresponding Gap field. In other words, with a Gap X of 10 mm you need to set Origin X to -5 mm (and the same for the Y values). In most cases, however, a bit of a space between the page border and the grid is desirable, so leaving the origin values at zero might be fine. As usual, the exact parameters you need will be highly dependent on what you’re drawing, and how your image relates to the underlying grid. | + | Les champs Largeur et Hauteur du bloc sont assez explicites, si ce n'est qu'il semble impossible de les définir sur des valeurs rondes et égales. Après avoir saisi « 40 » dans chaque champ, vous pouvez constater sur la capture d' |
- | The Block Width and Block Height fields are pretty self-explanatory, | + | |
- | The Margin X and Margin Y fields set an offset that is used to draw a second block, centered on the first. This can be used to draw a margin box around | + | Les champs Marge X et Marge Y définissent un décalage permettant de dessiner un deuxième bloc, centré sur le premier. Cela permet de dessiner une zone de marge autour de chaque bloc, ou un encart en utilisant des valeurs négatives. Les zones de marge sont dessinées dans la couleur définie par le champ Couleur de la ligne secondaire, tandis que le bloc principal utilise la couleur de la ligne principale correspondante. Dans cette capture d' |
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+ | **I think the new modular grid type is a great addition | ||
- | I think the new modular grid type is a great addition to Inkscape, but it’s a little limited by the lack of some convenience features similar to the new Aspect Ratio option for axonometric grids. I’d love to be able to define a modular grid by telling Inkscape that I want each block to be 40 mm × 30 mm, and have it work out the Gap values required to fit as many blocks as possible onto the page, neatly centered. Or, conversely, set the gap value and number of blocks on the page, and have Inkscape work out the block dimensions. | ||
Moving on from grids, there have been some small updates to a couple of the Live Path Effects (LPEs). First of all, the Ruler LPE has gained three extra parameters: Mark Angle, Minor Mark Gap, and Major Mark Gap: | Moving on from grids, there have been some small updates to a couple of the Live Path Effects (LPEs). First of all, the Ruler LPE has gained three extra parameters: Mark Angle, Minor Mark Gap, and Major Mark Gap: | ||
+ | The Mark Angle parameter allows you to create rulers in which the tick marks extend from the base path at an arbitrary angle, rather than always being perpendicular to it. The value is in degrees, and can be either positive or negative, depending on which way you want the marks to slant.** | ||
+ | Je trouve que le nouveau type de grille modulaire est un excellent ajout à Inkscape, mais il est un peu limité par l' | ||
+ | Au-delà des grilles, quelques petites mises à jour ont été apportées à quelques effets de chemin (LPE). Tout d' | ||
+ | Le paramètre Angle de marque permet de créer des règles dont les graduations s' | ||
+ | **The Minor and Major Mark Gap fields let you offset the start of each tick some distance away from the base path. The value is a percentage of the overall mark length, but the mark is also shortened by this amount such that its end point remains the same. This means that if you want to shift the marks away from the base path while retaining their length, you’ll need to adjust the Major Length and/or Minor Length parameter as well. | ||
- | The Mark Angle parameter allows you to create rulers in which the tick marks extend from the base path at an arbitrary angle, rather than always being perpendicular to it. The value is in degrees, and can be either positive or negative, depending on which way you want the marks to slant. | + | This image (next page, top right) |
- | The Minor and Major Mark Gap fields let you offset the start of each tick some distance away from the base path. The value is a percentage of the overall mark length, but the mark is also shortened by this amount such that its end point remains the same. This means that if you want to shift the marks away from the base path while retaining their length, you’ll need to adjust the Major Length and/or Minor Length parameter as well. | + | |
- | This image shows the result of using the parameters from the screenshot above – a Mark Angle of 30°, and a Minor Mark Gap of 5. | + | |
+ | Unfortunately, | ||
+ | Les champs « Écartement mineur » et « Écartement majeur » permettent de décaler le début de chaque graduation par rapport au tracé de base. Cette valeur représente un pourcentage de la longueur totale du repère, mais le repère est également raccourci de cette valeur afin que son point final reste identique. Cela signifie que si vous souhaitez décaler les repères du tracé de base tout en conservant leur longueur, vous devrez également ajuster les paramètres « Longueur principale » et « Longueur secondaire ». | ||
+ | Cette image (page suivante, en haut à droite) montre le résultat obtenu en utilisant les paramètres de la capture d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Malheureusement, | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | **The only other LPE to have received an update worthy of the Inkscape 1.4 release notes is Taper Stroke. This adds a new option of ‘Clamp’ for the Start Direction and End Direction parameters. These parameters determine whether the taper at each end veers towards one side or is centered, with the new option cutting the shape off squarely, with no taper at all. To that end I think the use of ‘Clamp’ as the option name is a bad one; ‘None’ or ‘Square’ would have been more descriptive, | ||
- | Unfortunately, | ||
- | The only other LPE to have received an update worthy of the Inkscape 1.4 release notes is Taper Stroke. This adds a new option of ‘Clamp’ for the Start Direction and End Direction parameters. These parameters determine whether the taper at each end veers towards one side or is centered, with the new option cutting the shape off squarely, with no taper at all. To that end I think the use of ‘Clamp’ as the option name is a bad one; ‘None’ or ‘Square’ would have been more descriptive, | ||
The following image shows a line without the LPE applied, then two copies which do have it. The second line has the Start Direction set to ‘Center’ and the End Direction set to ‘Left’. The last line uses ‘Clamp’ and ‘Right’. You can see that the ‘Clamp’ option drastically reduces the length of the line, cutting it off where the taper would usually begin, so you may need to create an artificially long base path if you want to use this option. | The following image shows a line without the LPE applied, then two copies which do have it. The second line has the Start Direction set to ‘Center’ and the End Direction set to ‘Left’. The last line uses ‘Clamp’ and ‘Right’. You can see that the ‘Clamp’ option drastically reduces the length of the line, cutting it off where the taper would usually begin, so you may need to create an artificially long base path if you want to use this option. | ||
- | Next month we’ll continue exploring more of the changes that have been introduced in Inkscape 1.4. | + | Next month we’ll continue exploring more of the changes that have been introduced in Inkscape 1.4.** |
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+ | Le seul autre LPE à avoir bénéficié d'une mise à jour digne des notes de version d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | L' | ||
- | Mark uses Inkscape | + | Le mois prochain, nous continuerons d' |
issue216/inkscape.1744611907.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2025/04/14 08:25 de philou511